中资企业在匈牙利发展报告（2023-2024）【外文】

ReportontheDevelopmentof

ChineseEnterprisesinHungary

(2023-2024)

JointConferenceofChineseOverseasChambersof

Commerce(JCCOCC)

AssociationofChineseEnterprisesinHungary(ACEH)

I

Preface

HungaryislocatedintheheartlandofCentralEurope,whichisnotonlyaregionaltransportationpivot,butalsoanimportantplatformforeconomiccooperationbetweenChinaandCentralandEasternEuropeancountries.DrivenbytheBeltandRoadInitiativeofChinaandtheOpeningtotheEastInitiativeofHungary,theSino-Hungarianeconomicandtraderelationshavebeenflourishing,yieldingfruitfulresultsinpragmaticcooperationinrecentyears.ChinahasbecomethelargesttradingpartnerofHungaryoutsideEuropeandthemostimportantpartnerofHungaryinthefieldofinvestment.InvestmentofChineseenterprisesinHungaryhascoveredmultiplekeyfieldssuchasinfrastructureconstruction,high-techdevelopment,energyprojectsandfinancialservices.Suchinvestmenthavenotonlypromotedthebilateraleconomicandtradeexchanges,butalsoinjectedvitalityintothediversifieddevelopmentofHungary'seconomy.

From2022to2023,thecooperationbetweenChinaandHungaryenteredanewstageofdevelopment.InOctober2023,thePrimeMinisterofHungary,OrbánViktor,cametoChinatoparticipateintheBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperationforthethirdtime,andmetwiththePresidentofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,XiJinping,providingnewimpetusanddirectionforthefriendlycooperationbetweenChinaandHungary.Subsequently,thequantity,quality,anddepthofChineseinvestmentinHungaryweresignificantlyincreased.ChineseinvestmentshavebroughtjobopportunitiesforHungary,withpositiveimpactsontechnology,management,andculturalexchange.

Remarkably,althoughglobalizationandmultilateralismarefacingchallengesinthecurrentinternationalsituation,thefriendlyrelationshipbetweenChinaandHungaryshowsuniqueresilienceandvitality.Thebilateralcooperationhasexpandedbeyondpurelycommercialscopetobuildanall-roundcooperationmodelincludingculturalexchange,educationalcooperation,andindustrialinvestment.

TheReporthasmadeanin-depthanalysisofthebusinessenvironmentinHungary,thepresentmanagementsituation,andthefuturedevelopmentopportunitiesofChineseenterprises.BycollectingthedemandsofChineseenterprisesinHungaryandconveyingtheirfrontlineperspectivestotherelevantgovernmentdepartmentsandinstitutionsofHungary,theReportputsforwardsuggestionsforimprovingthebusinessenvironment,introducingpreferentialpolicies,strengtheningtheinfrastructureconstructionand

II

addressingemploymentissues.Theaimistoprovideacomprehensiveperspectiveforthelong-termdevelopmentofChineseenterprisesinHungary,andtoprovidesuggestionsandimprovementmeasuresforenhancingtheSino-Hungarianeconomicandtraderelations.

ChairmanoftheAssociationofChineseEnterprisesinHungaryLiKexin

III

TableofContents

Preface I

Chapter1OverviewofChineseEnterprisesinHungary 1

1.1DevelopmentoverviewofChineseenterprisesinHungary 1

1.2IntroductiontorepresentativeChineseenterprises 3

1.3SocialcontributiontoHungary 4

Chapter2EvaluationofHungary’sBusinessEnvironmentandChinese

Enterprises 9

2.1OverallinvestmentandbusinessenvironmentinHungary 9

2.2EvaluationofHungary’sbusinessenvironmentbyChineseenterprises 10

Chapter3ObstaclesFacedbyChineseEnterprisesInvestinginHungaryand

RelatedDemandsandSuggestions 12

3.1Challengesandmajorobstacles 12

3.2Expectationsandsuggestionsonimprovementofthebusinessenvironment

bytheHungariangovernment 17

References 23

IntroductiontotheACEH 24

1

Chapter1OverviewofChineseEnterprisesinHungary

1.1DevelopmentoverviewofChineseenterprisesin

Hungary

Inrecentyears,thenumberofChineseenterprisesinvestinginHungaryhasbeenincreasing,resultinginthehighscaleofinvestment.Large-scaleenterprisesareflockingintoHungary,andthefieldofinvestmentisgraduallyexpanding.AlargenumberofkeyChineseenterprisesandprojectshaveinvestedinthechemicalengineering,finance,telecommunication,infrastructure,logistics,automotive,newenergy,TCM,securitytechnologyandotherfields,withtheinvestmentcoveringphotovoltaicpowerstations,newenergyvehiclesandtheirparts,automobilesandtheirparts,powerbatteriesandparts,newenergyvehiclechargingandreplacementfacilities,logisticstransportation,finance,insurance,chemicalengineering,infrastructureconstructionandprojectcontracting,engineeringdesign,aviation,culture,educationandmedia,scientificresearch,foodpackaging,electricmetermanufacturing,homeapplianceandhomedecorationandotherindustries.

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In2023,ChinabecamethelargestsourceofforeigndirectinvestmentforHungaryafter2020forthesecondtime,withthetotalannualinvestmentuptoEuro7.6billion,accountingfor58%oftheannualforeigndirectinvestmentforHungary.

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By2022,itwasconservativelyestimatedthatover80mainChineseenterpriseswereinvestinginHungary,mainlyfromBeijing(centralgovernment-ownedenterprises),Zhejiang,Shanghai,Guangdong,Shandong,Sichuan,Jiangsu,Hunan,Fujian,Hainan,Liaoning,Hubeiandotherprovincesandcities.TherepresentativeChineseenterprises

①ProjectsofChineseenterprisesinHungary:

/article/20221009/herald/5bb101f4b1454e84095c292ec0928332.html

②Hungary:EasternOpeninginitiativev.s.BeltandRoadinitiative:http://www.china-

/jmhz/202310/t20231031_11171069.htm

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amongthemaretheBankofChina,YantaiWanhuaGroup,Huawei,ZTE,ChinaRailway,ChinaRailwayNinthBureau,ChinaRailwayElectrificationBureau,ShanghaiBureauofCREC,CentralEuropeanTradeandLogisticsCooperationZone,ChinaConstructionBank,ChinaDevelopmentBank,BYD,Yanfeng,ChinaGeneralTechnologyGroup,ShandongHimile,AnhuiBBCAGroup,LenovoGroup,StateGridShanghaiMunicipalElectricPowerCompany,YunnanSEMCORP,CATL,Nio,Inovance,EVEEnergy,HuayouCobaltandSunwoda.Since2020,theinvestmentofChineseenterprisesinthegreenenergyandnewenergyvehicleindustriesofHungaryhassignificantlyincreased,withmorethanEURO10billionofinvestmentandplannedinvestment.

1.1.1Industrydistribution

ChineseenterprisesinHungaryaremainlydistributedacrosstradeandmanufacturing,where30%areengagedintrade(includingwholesaleandretail),24%areengagedinmanufacturing,andtheremainingenterprisesaredistributedinculture,sportsandentertainment,realestate,constructionandotherindustries.

1.1.2Entryapproachandequitystructure

Fromtheperspectiveoftheenterpriseentryapproach,greenfieldinvestmentaccountsfor29%,M&Aaccountsfor13%,andotherapproachesaccountfor58%.Fromtheperspectiveoftheequitystructure,ChineseenterprisesinHungaryaremainlysoleproprietorships,where73%ofenterprisesaresoleproprietorships,21%ofenterprisesarejointventures,and6%ofenterprisesdidnotproviderelevantdata.

1.1.3Enterprisesize

MostoftheChineseenterprisesinHungaryaresmallandmedium-sizedenterprises,ofwhich61%oftheChineseenterpriseshavelessthan50employees,21%oftheChineseenterpriseshave50~250employees,6%oftheChineseenterpriseshave250~500employees,and6%oftheChineseenterpriseshave500~1000employees,and6%oftheChineseenterprisesemploymorethan1000people.

1.1.4Maininvestmentdrivers

52%oftheChineseenterprisesinvestinHungaryforthepurposeoftrade,and27%oftheChineseenterprisesinvestinHungaryforthepurposeofprocessingandproduction.AmongthefactorsofpromotingtheChineseenterprisestoinvestinHungary,two-thirdsoftheChineseenterprisesdecidetoinvestafterinvestigation,15%oftheChinese

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enterprisesareinfluencedbytheindustryordrivenbyassociatedindustries,and3%oftheChineseenterprisesareattractedbythegovernmentforinvestment.

Fromtheperspectiveofregistrationtime,45%oftheChineseenterprisesenteredtheHungarianmarketafter2011,reflectingtheguidingeffectoftheBeltandRoadInitiative,cooperationbetweenChinaandCentralandEasternEuropeancountriesandotherpoliciesontheenterprisestosomeextent.

1.2IntroductiontorepresentativeChineseenterprises

1.2.1China-EUandLogisticsCooperationZone

InApril2015,theChina-EUTradeandLogisticsCooperationZonebecamethefirstnationaltradeandlogistics-basedoverseaseconomicandtradecooperationzoneafterappraisaloftheMinistryofCommerceandMinistryofFinanceofChina;inSeptember2019,theCooperationZonewasrecognizedasoneofthefirstnationalpublicplatformsforinternationalmarketingservicesbytheMinistryofCommerceofChina.TheZonehasaplannedtotalinvestmentofEuro200million,hascumulativelyinvestedUSD135.1195million,coversanareaof140,000squaremeters,andhascompletedtheconstructionoftheChinaCommodityTradeExhibitionCenterinHungary,LogisticsParkofCsepelPortandLogisticsParkofBremerhaven,Germany.TheprojectofWattsE-commerceIndustrialParkisunderconstruction.

1.2.2Sino-HungarianBorsodEconomicandTradeCooperation

Zone

Sino-HungarianBorsodEconomicandTradeCooperationZoneisaprocessingandmanufacturingbasedevelopedundertheleadershipofWanhuaIndustrialGroupCo.,Ltd.,withchemicalengineering,lightengineering,mechanicalmanufacturingandlogisticsasthecoreindustries.Atpresent,theZonehasanindustriallandof4.8squarekilometers,where15enterprisesaresettled,including11Chineseenterprisesand4foreignenterprises.In2022,theZoneachievedanannualsalesincomeofUSD3.64billionandanetprofitofaboutUSD238million.By2022,thecompanyhadacumulativeinvestmentofaboutUSD5billion(includingtheM&Aamount).

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1.2.3ChinaRailwayCorporationLimited

ChinaRailwayCorporationLimitedisanextra-largeenterprisegroupintegratingsurveyanddesignservices,constructionandinstallation,industrialmanufacturing,realestatedevelopment,resourcesandminerals,financialinvestmentandotherservices,withitsheadquarterinBeijing,China.ThebusinessscopeofChinaRailwaycoversalmostallinfrastructurefields,includingrailway,highway,municipalworks,housingconstruction,urbanrailtransit,waterconservancyandhydropower,airport,port,wharfandsoon.

Budapest-BelgraderailwayisalandmarkprojectofcooperationbetweenChinaandCentralandEasternEuropeancountries,thefirstrailwayinfrastructureprojectimplementedbyChinainEU,andalsothedockingofChina’srailwaytechnologyandequipmentwiththetechnicalnormsofrailwayconnectivityintheEU.TheprojectconnectsBudapest,thecapitalofHungary,andBelgrade,thecapitalofSerbia.ThesegmentofHungaryisabout152kminfulllength,implementedbytheconsortiumconsistingofChinaRailwayNinthBureau,ChinaRailwayElectrificationEngineeringGroupandRMCompanyofHungary.TheHungariansegmentoftheprojectadoptstheSino-HungariancooperationmodeandisscheduledtobecompletedandopenedtotrafficbyJuly6,2025.

1.3SocialcontributiontoHungary

By2023,Chineseenterpriseshaveprovidedmorethan15,000employmentpositionsforHungary,makingimportantcontributionstothesoundeconomicdevelopmentofHungary.

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Meanwhile,Chineseenterpriseshavealsobeenconcernedabouttheresource,environmental,safetyandsocialgovernanceissuesbroughtbybusinessdevelopment,realizingtheculturalintegration,people-to-peoplebondandcommondevelopmentwiththelocalsocietybysupportingthelocalcommunity,economic,culturalandeducationaldevelopment.Chineseenterprisesactivelyundertakesocialresponsibility,notonlyavoidingtherisks,butalsoimprovingthebrandimageandinfluenceofChineseenterprisesinHungary.

1.3.1Leadingtheindustrydevelopment

①ChinaFinancialInformationNetwork:

/world-xh08/a/20190716/1865505.shtml?f=arelated

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In2023,HungaryattractedatotalforeigndirectinvestmentofEuro13billion,doublingthatofthepreviousyear.Inrecentyears,investmentfromChinahasplayedanactiveroleinacceleratingdevelopmentofHungary’seconomy.

Takethelogisticsindustryasanexample.TheprojectunderconstructionoftheChina-EUTradeandLogisticsCooperationZone-“WattsE-commerceIndustrialPark”hasareservedlandareaof217,237squaremetersandaproposedconstructionareaof72,360squaremeters.The“WattsSmartWarehouseProject”underconstructionhasatotalconstructionareaof32,000squaremeters.ByNovember2023,theZonehassignedcontractsorframeworkagreementswithCainiao,Pinduoduo,YunExpress,Sheinandmanyothercross-bordere-commerceplatformsorlogisticsenterprises.RelyingontheSmartWarehouseProject,Hungarywillbecomethe“CentralandEasternEuropeanDistributionCenter”ofe-commerceplatforms,helpingthesee-commerceenterprisestocompletetheportoperationandthelastmiledelivery.ThemostadvancedsmartwarehouseintheCentralandEasternEuropeanregionhasbeenbuiltintheproject,anditisplannedtobuildacross-bordere-commercelogisticseducationaltrainingbasetocultivateandprovideprofessionalsforthelogisticsofHungary.

Withrespecttoelectroniccommunication,HuaweihasprovidedtheleadingsolutionsforthedigitalizationconstructionofHungary.Morethan80percentoftheHungarianpopulation'sdailycommunicationsareprovidedbyHuawei.In2021,HuaweilaunchedAirPONopticalaccesssolutions,helpingoperatorstoacceleratethehomebroadbandinfrastructureconstruction,andhelpingHungaryachieveits“GigabitSociety”goalofproviding95%familieswithhigh-speedInternetconnectionby2030.

Withrespecttothefinancialservice,BankofChinahasassistedtheHungariangovernmentinissuingthepandabondsformanytimes,withatotalcumulativeamountofuptoRMB6billion,andhasissuedthefirstgreenbondsofChinese-fundedinstitutionsinCentralandEasternEuropeanregiontosupportthewaterconservationandrenewableenergydevelopmentofHungary.Meanwhile,BankofChinahasalsoprovidedtheRMBclearingandsettlementservicesforeconomicandtradeenterprisesofChinaandHungary,contributingtothebilateraltrade;hasprovidedthecreditsupportsfortheSino-HungarianleadingenterpriseswhichwillbehelpfulfortheenterprisesofChinaandHungarytoexpandthemarket;andhasprovidedall-roundfinancialsupportsforChinese-fundednewenergyenterprisesinHungary.

Withrespecttobiochemicalengineering,AnhuiBBCASzolnokCitricAcidPlantProjecttakesfulladvantageofmaizeresourceadvantageandmarketadvantageinHungary,

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andpromotesadvancedbiotechnologyandproductionexperience,increasingtheyieldsfromlocalagriculturalprocessing,anddirectlypromotingthedevelopmentoflocalagriculturaleconomy.Bybuildingindustrialparks,itgatherstheupstreamanddownstreamenterprisesofrelatedindustrialchain,formingtheindustrialclustereffect,notonlyincreasingtheresourceutilizationefficiencyandreducingtheproductioncost,butalsoimprovingagriculturalproductaddedvalue,extendingtheindustrialchainandfurtherdrivingthelocalagriculturalstructureupgrading.Meanwhile,theenterprisepaysattentiontothecultivationandintroductionoflocallaborforceandtalents.ThroughcooperationwithBengbuUniversityandSzolnokUniversityCollege,itaimstocultivatebio-chemicalprofessional.IthasestablishedalocalR&Dcenter,committedtotheresearchanddevelopmentandinnovationofnewtechnologies,andhasestablishedpartnershipswithlocalenterprisestosharethetechnologiesandresourcesinthemannerofjointventureandcooperativeR&Dtopromotelocaltechnologyinnovation.

1.3.2Boostingthetaxrevenueandemployment

AccordingtothedatapublishedbytheHungarianInvestmentPromotionAgency(HIPA),China’sdirectinvestmentinHungaryin2023wasEuro7.6billion,accountingfor58%oftheannualforeigndirectinvestmentattractedbyHungary,andcreatedmorethan10,000jobpositions.ChinabecamethelargestsourceofforeigndirectinvestmentforHungaryagainafter2020.

TakeHuaweiasanexample.In2019,HuaweicontributedEuro39.4milliontothedirectgrossvalueadded(GVA)ofHungary’sgrossdomesticproduct(GDP);theprocurementofHuaweibroughttheGVAcontributionofEuro405milliontoHungary’ssupplychain.From2015to2020,HuaweimadealocaltaxcontributionofuptoUSD277million.

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From2021to2023,HuaweihadanoperationrevenueofmorethanUSD500million,andmadethelocaldirecttaxcontributionofuptoUSD52billion.Huaweiactivelyintegratesintothelocalculture,hireslocalemployees,andstrictlyabidesbythelocallaborlawsandregulations,withtheemployeelocalizationofmorethan80%.

China-EUTradeandLogisticsCooperationZoneachievedatradevolumeofUSD2.7billionduringthe“13thFive-yearPlan”period,drivingandboostingthedomesticenterprisestohavedirectandindirectexportamountsofuptoUSD4.2billion,withthe

①SourceofdataaboutinvestmentofHuaweiinHungary:http://www.china-/chn/jmhz/202112/t20211224_10475420.htm

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localpaidtaxofaboutUSD10million.In2022,theannualtotallocalpaidtaxwasUSD4,733,200.UptoNovember2023,theZonehadatotalof1502employees,including1411foreignemployees,increasingtheemploymentrateofthelocalpopulation.

BBCASzolnokCitricAcidPlantProjectinvestedbyAnhuiBBCAGroupCo.,LtdinHungaryhadatotalinvestmentofUSD155milliontobuildthecitricacidproductionlinewithanannualoutputof60,000tons,whichwasratedasakeyinvestmentprojectbythemunicipalgovernment.From2021to2023,theprojectcontributedataxofnearlyRMB4.6milliontoHungary,creating400localjobpositions.

1.3.3Undertakingthesocialresponsibility

Whileexpandingthebusiness,ChineseenterprisesinHungaryhaveactivelyundertakensocialresponsibility,activelypromotedtheexchangesintheSino-Hungarianeconomicandtrade,cultural,socialandotherfields,andactivelyreachedouttothevulnerable,establishingafriendly,credibleandreliablecorporateimageandnationalimage.

Whileservingthesmallandmedium-sizedenterprisesinCentralandEasternEuropewithheart,BankofChinaheldthematchmakingconferenceofsmallandmedium-sizedenterprisesofChinaandCentralandEasternEuropeinHungaryandCroatia,andbuiltaplatformforexchangesandcooperationamongthesmallandmedium-sizedenterprises,whichachievedfruitfulresults.BankofChinaactivelyimplementedpublicwelfareactivities,madedonationstoSino-Hungarianbilingualschools,andinitiatedthe“BankofChinaScholarship”projectofFranzLisztAcademyofMusictosponsor10excellentstudentseveryyear,becomingoneofbusinessorganizationscholarshipswiththehighestamountinthehistoryofhighereducationinHungary.ItalsocooperatedwithRolandUniversity,CorvinusUniversityandmanylocalConfuciusinstitutestojointlypromotetheSino-Hungarianculturalandeducationalexchanges.

Duringtheepidemicperiod,BankofChinadonatedatotalof136,000medicalmasksand300protectivesuitstotheHungariangovernment,Sino-HungarianbilingualschoolsandCorvinusUniversity.

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China-EUTradeandLogisticsCooperationZoneintroducedthefirstKN95maskproductionlineforHungary,andhelpedtheHungariangovernmenttobuildthefirstnitrileglovefactory;itdonatedanti-epidemicsuppliesandmedicaldevicesatatotalvalueofoverEuro500,000tothemunicipalgovernmentofEsztergomDistrict,

①Datasource:2020ReportonAnnualSocialResponsibilityofBankofChinaLimited

/bocappd/report/202103/P020210327642432608596.pdf

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BudapestCardiovascularCenter,BankofBudapest,15districtgovernmentsofBudapest,SemmelweisUniversity,VictorUnitedSocialAgencyofSlovakia,HungarianNationalGuard,Sino-HungarianbilingualschoolsandotherHungariangovernmentinstitutionsandsocialgroups.Itwasawardedthe“OrderChivalryoftheHungarianState”bytheHungarianGovernment.

1.3.4Protectingtheenvironment

Guidedbygreendevelopmentandsustainabledevelopment,thegreeneconomyhasbecomeanewgrowthpointforChineseenterprisesinHungary.AnumberofChinesegreenandlow-carbonprojectsincludinggreenelectricityandelectricvehiclehavebeenimplementedinHungary,whicharewelcomedbythelocalgovernmentandsocietywhileapositivecorporateimageisestablished.

Withrespecttogreenelectricity,thegreenelectricityoutputfromthesmartphotovoltaicsolutionsprovidedbyHuaweiforHungaryexceeded7%ofthenationalelectricitygenerationofHungary,providinganannualgreenelectricitycapacityofmorethan50billionkWhforHungary,andtheannualreductionofcarbonemissionismorethan1.2milliontons,equivalenttoannualplantingof1.8milliontrees.China-EUTradeandLogisticsCooperationZonealsorespondstothecallof“buildinggreenparks”intheBeltandRoadinitiative.InApril2023,the7.5MWhsolarpowerstationinvestedbytheZonewasofficiallyconnectedtothegridforoperation.Sofar,theelectricitygenerationhasbeen8.3millionkWh,completelyachievingthecarbon-neutralzeroemissionoftheZone.

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Chapter2EvaluationofHungary’sBusinessEnvironmentandChineseEnterprises

2.1OverallinvestmentandbusinessenvironmentinHungary

HungaryjoinedtheEUin2004andbecameamemberstateoftheSchengenAgreementin2007.Hungaryhasarelativelystablepoliticalsituation,wherethelawsandregulationsaresound,thefinancialmarketisopenandtheinvestmentenvironmentisgood,whichisveryattractivetoforeigninvestors.HungaryisoneofthetransportnetworkhubsinEurope.Ithas5internationalairports,7highways,and5railwaysstraighttothesurrounding7countries;ithascompletebasicsupportingfacilitiesandadevelopedlogisticsandcommunicationnetwork;ithasnotonlyadvantageousindustriesradiatingEUrepresentedbytheautomobile&partsindustry,butalsoitsowncharacteristicadvantageousindustriesrepresentedbytourismandbrewing,anditalsohastraditionalinnovativeadvantageousindustriessuchasbio-pharmaceuticalandcommunication.Currently,thenewenergyvehiclemanufacturingindustryhasbecomeakeyimpetusforHungary’seconomicdevelopment.

Asshowninthe2020BusinessEnvironmentReportpublishedbytheWorldBank(notupdatednow),Hungary’sbusinessenvironmentconvenienceranked52ndplaceamongtheglobal190economicentities.

Asshowninthe2019GlobalCompetitivenessReportpublishedbytheWorldEconomicForum(notupdatednow),Hungary’sglobalcompetitivenessranked42ndplaceamongthe141countriesandregions.

Asshowninthe2022GlobalInnovationIndexpublishedbytheWorldIntellectualPropertyOrganization,Hungary’scompositeindexranked34thplaceamongthe132

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countriesandregions.

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2.2EvaluationofHungary’sbusinessenvironmentbyChineseenterprises

Ingeneral,ChineseenterprisesinHungarygaveapositiveevaluationofHungary’sinvestmentenvironment.Morethan60%ofsurveyedenterprisesgaveagoodevaluationoftheinvestmentenvironment,theremainingenterprisesconsideredtheoverallinvestmentenvironmenttobemoderate,andnoenterpriseconsideredtheinvestmentenvironmenttobepoor.

Regardingthesoftinvestmentenvironment,mostoftheChineseenterprisesconsideredthelegalenvironment,intellectualpropertyprotectionandlocalmarketcompetitionenvironmentofHungarytobegood.Morethan80%oftheChineseenterprisesconsideredthebilateraleconomicandtradeagreementandcooperationmechanismofChinaandHungarytobegood,andnoenterprisegavenegativefeedbackontheinvestmentsoftenvironment;withrespecttothegovernmentservicelevel,morethanhalfoftheChineseenterprisesconsideredthegovernmentservicetobegood,and40%oftheChineseenterprisesconsideredthegovernmentservicetobemoderate;withrespecttothegovernmentintegrity,theproportionoftheChineseenterprisesthatconsideredthegovernmentintegritytobegoodandtobemoderatewas50%each;withrespecttothegovernmentworkefficiency,morethanhalfoftheChineseenterprisesconsideredthegovernmentworkefficiencyofHungarytobemoderate,andeven20%gaveanegativeevaluation;withrespecttothetaxpolicy,20%oftheChineseenterprisesconsideredthetaxpolicyofHungarytobepoor;withrespecttotheenvironmentalprotectionpolicy,mostoftheenterprisesgaveagoodevaluationofHungary’ssocialsecurityandlaborpolicy.Ingeneral,morethan80%ofthesurveyedChineseenterprisesconsideredtheinvestmentsoftenvironmentofHungarytobegood.

Withrespecttothehardinvestmentenvironment,intermsofthetransportationinfrastructure,mostoftheChineseenterprisesgaveagoodevaluationofroadandair

①2022GlobalInnovationIndex:

/analysis-indicator

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transportation,andamoderateevaluationofrailwayandinlandwatertransportation;morethanhalfoftheenterprisesconsideredtheroadtransportationfacilitiesaswellastheairportandairtransportationofHungarytobegood,andmorethanhalfoftheChineseenterprisesgaveamoderateevaluationoftherailwaytransportation.Chineseenterprisesgaveagoodevaluationofelectricity,coal,water,gasandotherutilities,butgaveamoderateevaluationofpostalcommunication.Ingeneral,Chineseenterprisesthoughthighlyofthelocalinvestmenthardenvironment,andmorethan70%oftheenterprisesconsideredthehardenvironmenttobegood.

Morethan50%ofChineseenterprisesconsideredthe