2022高考英语一轮复习Module5ALessoninaLab学案必修1

Module5ALessoninaLab一、背单词与词块(一)背阅读单词——会认就行(背诵时遮住右侧汉语，先自主翻译，后比对词义)1．liquidn． 液体2．contractvi. 收缩3．substancen. 物质4．oxygenn. 氧气5．rustvi. 生锈6．partialadj. 部分的；局部的7．steamn. 蒸汽；水汽8．flamen. 火焰(二)背重点单词——写对才行1．float_vi. 漂浮2．boilvt. 煮；煮沸3．formvi. 形成4．stagen. 阶段；时期5．lecturen. 演讲6．facilityn. (常作复数)设备；工具7．departmentn. (大学的)科、系8．ordinaryadj. 普通的；平常的(三)背拓展单词——用准才行1．mixv．(使)混合→mixturen．混合物2．reactvi.(化学)反应→reactionn．反应3．expandvi.膨胀；扩展；发展→expansionn．膨胀；扩大4．concludevt.得出结论；使结束→conclusionn．结论5．equipvt.装备；配备→equipmentn．设备；装备6．balancen．天平；平衡→balancedadj.平衡的7．aimn．目标；目的→aimlessadj.没有方向的；无目标的8．electricityn．电→electricadj.电的；用电的→electricaladj.与电有关的；用电的；电气化的→electronicadj.电子的9．astonishvt.使吃惊→astonishedadj.吃惊的；惊愕的→astonishingadj.令人吃惊的→astonishmentn．惊奇[语境活用]1．Havingbeenexpanded_rapidlyinrecentyears,thecity'sexpansionhasbroughtdamagetothenaturalsurroundings.(expand)2．Inyesterday'sclass,ourchemistryteachermixedsomechemicalsintothewaterandthemixturetastedveryterrible.(mix)3．Ourschoolhasbeenrebuiltanditiswellequipped.Alotofmoneyhasbeenspentontheteachingequipment.(equip)4．Toourastonishment,_thefamousactorpassedaway.That'stosay,wewereastonishedatthenewsofhissuddendeath,anditwasreallyastonishing.(astonish)5．Iwantedtoknowhowthestudentsreactedtomywordsaswellasyourreaction.(react)(四)背高频单词——先“记牢”再“用活”，不背绝对不行1．conclusionn．结论；结束背词条用法(1)inconclusion总之；最后draw/eto/reachaconclusion得出结论(2)toconclude最后，总而言之conclude...with...以……结束……conclude(fromsth.)that...(从……中)推断出……背写作佳句①Inconclusion,peoplearoundtheworldshouldbeawareoftherealsituationofwatershortage.总之，世界各地的人们应该意识到水资源短缺的真实情况。②Fromthefigures,wecandrawaconclusionthatstudentshavepassionforlife.从这些数字中，我们可以得出一个结论，学生热爱生活。2．aimn．目标；目的(可数名词)；瞄准，对准(不可数名词)v．瞄准，对准；目标在于；以……为目标背词条用法(1)takeaimat...向……瞄准；对准withtheaimof...目的是……；以……为目标aimat瞄准；针对；以……为目标beaimedat(doing)sth.目的是，旨在(做)某事aimtodosth.目标是做某事背写作佳句①ThiseventaimstohelpmorepeoplelearnaboutthetraditionalChineseculture.这个活动旨在帮助更多的人了解中国传统文化。②Iamwritingtosincerelyinviteyoutojointhetabletennisteaminourschoolaimedatdevelopingourinterestsandimprovingourskills.我写信的目的是诚挚地邀请你加入我们学校的乒乓球队，以发展我们的兴趣和提高我们的技能。3．balancen．天平；平衡；剩余；余额；余款v.(使)平衡；权衡背词条用法(1)keep/lose/breakthebalance保持/失去/打破平衡keepthebalanceof保持……的平衡(2)keepabalanceddiet保持饮食均衡balance...with/and...权衡……和……背写作佳句①Howimportantandnecessaryforustokeepthebalanceofnatureandprotecttheenvironment!对于我们来说，维持生态平衡，保护环境是多么重要！②Firstofall,you'dbetterkeepabalanceddiet，whichisbeneficialtoyou.首先，你最好保持均衡的饮食，这对你是有益的。(五)背短语词块——表达出彩，需多积词块才行eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)单元短语再认再现1．used_to_ 过去(常常)……2．find_out_ 发现；查清3．reaction_to 对……的反应4．add_..._to_... 往……加入……5．be_proud_of 为……感到骄傲/自豪6．be_supposed_to 应当；理应7．keep_..._out_of 避开8．put_..._in_order 把……按顺序排列；使……有条理eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)重点短语拓展用活1．usedto过去(常常)……；过去曾经……背相关短语usedtodosth.过去常常做某事beusedtodosth.被用来做某事(use的被动语态)be/getusedto(doing)sth.习惯(做)某事(指过去或现在)背写作佳句①Ithinkyouaresuitablefortheactivity,foryouusedtolivehereandlearnedsomuchaboutthecountry.我认为你很适合这个活动，因为你曾经住在这里，对这个国家十分了解。②(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Histeachingstyleisveryunique,becauseheisusedtoencouragingallofustothinkbyourselves.他的教学风格非常独特，因为他习惯于鼓励我们大家自己思考。2．besupposedto应当；理应背相关短语(1)besupposedtodosth.应该/理应做某事besupposedtobedoingsth.应当/理应正在做某事besupposedtohavedonesth.本应该做了某事(实际未做)(2)supposing/suppose(that)．..假定/假如……背写作佳句①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Firstly,wemadeatrainingplan,accordingtowhichwearesupposedtopracticeatleasttwohourseveryday.首先，我们制定了一个训练计划，根据这个计划，我们每天至少应该练习两个小时。②Isupposethatitmayhavemoreadvantagesthandisadvantagestolearnbothscienceandartsubjects.我认为既学理科又学文科，利大于弊。3．add...to...往……加入……背相关短语addto增加；增添(多用于抽象意义)addup把……加起来；合计addupto加起来共计/达(不用于被动语态)add(that)...补充说……背写作佳句①Intheend,themoneywemadeaddeduptoover2,000.最后，我们赚的钱加起来有两千多元钱。②In1987,theChina'sGreatWallwasaddedtotheWorldHeritageList.1987年，中国的长城被列入世界遗产名录。③(2019·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)Youaredefinitelyweletoshowuponstage,whichwilladdcolorandfuntoourfestival欢迎大家上台来，为我们的节日增添色彩和乐趣。二、背佳句与佳作(一)背写作佳句——多“输入”才能巧“输出”eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)教材内句式举一反三1．Theearthisforty­ninetimeslargerthanthemoon.(“倍数＋比较级＋than”为倍数表达法之一)地球比月球大49倍。佳句①Thenewbuildingisfourtimeshigherthantheoldone.新楼比旧楼高四倍。佳句②TheYangtzeRiverisalmosttwicelongerthanthePearlRiver.长江几乎比珠江长两倍。佳句③Thenewlybroadenedparkinglotisthreetimesbiggerthanthepreviousone.新扩建的停车场比以前的大三倍。2．Itishardtothinkofaworldwithoutmetals.[Itis＋adj.＋(of/forsb.)＋todo...]很难想象一个没有金属的世界。佳句①It'sverykindofyoutowritemeandletmeknowaboutyourbeautifulcity.你写信给我让我了解你们的美丽城市，真是太好了。佳句②(2019·江苏高考书面表达)AlthoughthetraditionalChinesedressmaylookmorebeautifulandstylish,itisalittlebitstrangetowalkaroundinit.虽然传统的中国服装可能看起来更漂亮和时尚，但穿着它到处走有点奇怪。佳句③Inthatcase,itisbothconvenientandeconomicaltobuybooksaccordingtotheratings.在那种情况下，根据评分购买书籍既方便又经济。3．Thecloseryouare,themoreyou'llsee.(the＋比较级...,the＋比较级...)你离得越近，看到的就越多。佳句①Theharderyoustudy,thegreaterprogressyouwillmakeinyourstudy.你学习越努力，你在学习上的进步就越大。佳句②Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakeyouwillmake.你越仔细，你犯的错误就越少。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)同主题佳句熟读成诵1．ItwasinthelabwhichwasinthechargeofMrWhitethattheydidtheexperiment.就是在怀特先生负责的实验室里他们做的那个实验。2．ItisforthesereasonsthatIfirmlybelievethatthisrulewillpromotethelearningatmosphereandourteamworkspirit.正是由于这些原因我坚信这条规则将有利于营造我们的学习氛围并培养我们的团队精神。3．Don'tbeafraidofdifficulties.Theycanhelpyouaccumulateexperience,andexperiencecan,inturn,broadenyourhorizons.不要害怕困难。它们能够帮助你积累经验，经验反过来也能开阔你的视野。(二)背满分作文——好习作就靠“仿效”和“背诵”本辑学点——告知信(三)[题目要求](2019·全国卷Ⅱ)假定你是校排球队队长李华。请写封邮件告知你的队友Chris球队近期将参加比赛，内容包括：1．比赛信息；2.赛前准备；3.表达期待。注意：1.词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。[背范文]DearChris，I'mwritingtotellyousomethingabouttheupingvolleyballtournament,whichisscheduledtobeheldinthecitystadiumnextmonth.Thereisonlyonemonthleft,sowemustdosomething.Beingoneofthestarvolleyballteamsinourcity,westillneedtomakeagoodpreparationforit.Firstly,wemadeatrainingplan,accordingtowhichweshouldpracticeatleasttwohourseveryday.So,pleaseetoourschoolgymat6：00pmandwetraintogether.Secondly,Ifoundsomevideosofstarteams,fromwhichwecanlearnalotofskills.Youcanwatchtheminyoursparetime.Sincetheschoolattachesgreatimportancetothistournament,Ihopewecandevoteourselvestobeingastrongerteamandaqualifiedchampion.Sincerely，LiHua[学亮点]1．学亮丽开头开头使用I'mwritingtotellyousomethingabouttheupingvolleyballtournament很自然地引出写信的背景和目的，简明扼要，开门见山，非常实用。2．学高级表达(1)使用了高级语块，如：bescheduledto,makeagoodpreparationfor,attachgreatimportanceto,devoteoneselfto等，为文章增加了提分点。(2)熟练使用高级句式，如：现在分词短语作状语Beingoneofthestarvolleyballteamsinourcity；定语从句whichisscheduledto...,accordingtowhichweshouldpractice...和fromwhichwecanlearn...；原因状语从句Sincetheschoolattaches...等，充分体现了考生扎实的英语语言基础知识和娴熟的语言运用能力。3．学精彩结尾结尾使用since引导的原因状语从句点明了学校对比赛的重视程度，“获得冠军”自然就成了队长对大家的期盼了。这样结尾自然流畅，值得借鉴使用。4．学过渡衔接文章中so,firstly,secondly,since等过渡词语的使用使文章叙述更合理，行文更连贯，逻辑更严密。5．防微点失分考生容易把“Beingoneofthestarvolleyballteamsinourcity...”中的teams误用成team，或把“devoteourselvestobeingastrongerteam.”中的to误认为to为动词不定式符号而把being用成bee，从而导致失分。学案(一)重点单词的查漏补缺——打牢必备知识[全面练——练清易错微点]Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Hewantedtofindoutwhythesteam(蒸汽)inthekettlemovedtheheavylid.2．Ifsteelisheavierthanwater,whyareshipsableto_float_(漂浮)onthesea?3．Curiosityisaneverlastingflame(火焰)thatburnsineveryone'smind.4．IcannothelpbeingmovedbyitsauthorHelenKeller,anordinary(普通的)butgreatAmericanwoman.5．(2019·江苏高考)Inthisway,theycanform(形成)atruepictureofChinathemselves.6．(2019·天津高考)Theirchildisatthestage(阶段)whereshecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.7．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Heturnedtotheforestdepartment(部)forhelpbutwastoldthatnothingwouldgrowthere.8．(2019·天津高考)Hearingthatyouareingtoourschooltogiveusalecture_(演讲)onWesternart,I'mmorethandelighted.Ⅱ.根据语境写出加黑部分的汉语意思1．Andwe'llpourabout30percentmoreliquidintoashort,wideglassthanatall,skinnyglass.液体2．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.电3．Bloodisonlyexpelledfromtheheartwhenitcontracts.收缩4．(熟词生义)Thegasolineflamedupinstantlywhentouchedbythematch.燃烧5．(熟词生义)(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingahouse，”saysKathrynWhitehead.提出6．(熟词生义)Theprincipleisthatwheneveryourbalanceinthebankaccountisgoingup,youknowitisabouttimeforsomespecialbillstoarriveforyoutopayoff.余额Ⅲ.单句语法填空1．Theresearchprojectwasonlyapartial(part)success.2.Inaddition,theyspendmoneyonfishingequipment_(equip),bait,fuelandboatrepairs.3．Mikelovedcollege,whichoffersstudentsgoodfacilities(facility)andrichactivities.4.Angercanbeidentifiedinthebrain,wheretheelectrical_(electricity)activitychanges.5．Chinaisalreadyspendinghundredsofbillionsofyuanondomesticrailwayexpansion_(expand)．6.Itmakesallkindsofnoise—itisforeverthundering,boiling(boil),crashing,andwhistling.7．Thiscreationattractedalotofattentionthankstoitsmixture(mix)ofmodernandtraditionalChineseelements.8．Themoneywillbesenttoyouintheformofcash.(1)equipment是不可数名词，其后不可以加s。apieceofequipment表示“一件设备”。(2)electrical是指“电的，与电有关的，电气科学的；”而electric是指“发电的，导电的，用电的，带电的，电动的”；electronic是指“电子的；电子器件的；电子设备的”。(3)boiling指“沸腾的”，水温正处于“沸腾的”温度，而boiled是“烧开的”，温度低于沸腾的水的温度。名师点拨“一站清”[重点练——深化高频考点]1．conclusion[明其义]n．结论；结束[通其用](1)单句语法填空①Finally,hedrewascientificconclusion(conclude),linkingthediseasetotheradiuminthepump.②Fromthepassagewecandrawaconclusionthatifwewanttokeephealthy,weshouldeatproperly.(2)同义替换③Inaword(＝To_conclude),I'dliketoexpressmythankstomyfamily.2．aim[明其义]n．目标；目的(可数名词)；瞄准，对准(不可数名词)v．瞄准，对准；目标在于；以……为目标[通其用](1)单句语法填空①(2019·北京高考)Allourprojectsaim_to_promote(promote)thedevelopmentofpoorandremotemunities.②Annwaswanderingalongthestreetaimlessly(aim)whensheheardsomeonecallinghernamefromtheothersideofthestreet.(2)一句多译这项活动的目的旨在提高学生的听说能力。③This_activity_is_aimed_at_improvingthestudents'abilityoflisteningandspeaking.(aimed)④The_aim_of_this_activity_is_to_improvethestudents'abilityoflisteningandspeaking.(aimn．)3．balance[明其义]n．天平；平衡；剩余；余额；余款v．(使)平衡；权衡[通其用](1)写出下列各句中balance的含义①Itisextremelyimportanttoknowyourpersonalaccountbalanceatalltimes. 余额②Whenhewasrunningafterhisbrother,theboylosthisbalanceandhadabadfall. 平衡③Thereisaneedforustobalancethedemandsoftheworkwiththoseoffamilylife. 权衡(2)单句语法填空④Weallknowthatabalanced(balance)dietisofgreatimportancetoourhealth.⑤Youhavetobalancetheadvantagesoflivinginthecountrysideagainst/with/andthedisadvantages.(3)根据汉语提示完成下面语段⑥Weshouldtryourbesttokeep_the_balance(保持平衡)betweenourdevelopmentandenvironmentprotection.Sometimes,over­developmentcanbreak_the_balance(打破平衡)ofecology.Oncenatureloses_the_balance(失去平衡),itwillbringusmanydisasters.学案(二)词块、句式的活学活用——强化关键能力[词块的验收盘点]Ⅰ.词块点点练——选词填空usedto，findout，reactionto，add...to...，beproudof，besupposedto，keep...outof，put...inorder1．Thingshavetobeput_in_order_herebeforetheye.2.Youare_supposed_to_havehandedinyourhomeworkbynow.3.Ifyouwanttoeathotthings,youcanaddredpeppertothem.4．That'sabeautifulpieceofwork.Youshouldbe_proud_of_it.5.IthoughtthatIshouldatleastgoovertohimandfind_outifIcouldhelphim.6．Anallergyisastrongreaction_toasubstance.Manythingscancauseallergies.7．Themedicineshouldusuallybekept_out_ofthereachofchildrenathome.8.Weused_tothinkthatinsectswerethesmallestorganisms，andthatnothingliveddeeperthansixhundredmeters.(1)besupposedto相当于should，其后接动词原形。(2)add...to...中的to是介词，后接名词或动名词。(3)findout意为“搞清楚，弄明白”，相当于figureout,workout。(4)usedto中的to是不定式符号，后接动词原形。名师点拨“一站清”Ⅱ.易错对对碰——辨析比较1．usedtoVSbeusedto比较①He_used_to_playbasketballwhenhewasyoung.②Youcansaywhatyoulike!Iam_used_tobeingcriticized.辨清(1)usedtodosth.意为“过去常常做某事”而现在不这样做了。(2)beusedtodosth.意为“被用来做某事”，to是不定式符号。(3)beusedtodoingsth.意为“习惯于做某事”，to是介词。2．addtoVSaddupVSaddupto比较①Thecostoftwotripsadded_up_to1,000dollars.②Itadds_tomypleasuretoseeyouheretoday.③Add_up3,4and5andyou'llget12.辨清(1)addto“增添，使(数量)增加，使(规模)扩大”，其后主要接抽象名词。(2)addup“把……加起来，合计”，其中up是副词。(3)addupto“总共是……；总计为……”，该短语不用于被动语态。[句式的验收盘点](一)Itis＋adj.＋(of/forsb.)＋todo...[通其用]1．单句语法填空①Thoughitisniceofyoutoputhimup,itisimpossibleforhimtosleeponsuchasmallbed.②It'snouse_arguing_(argue)withher—shewon'tlisten.③Itisobvious_thatwithoutthehelpofthewholesociety,therewouldbenonewschooltoday.2．翻译句子④(2020·天津高考书面表达)这是一种代表18岁以上孩子独立的仪式。It_is_a_ceremony_that_represents_the_independence_of_children_who_are_above_18_years_old.[解其困]it作形式主语的常用句式有：(1)Itis＋adj./n.＋that/todo...(2)Itisnogood/usedoingsth.“做某事没有好处/用处”(3)Itis＋adj.＋forsb.todosth.句式中，作表语的形容词说明不定式行为的性质和特点，常见的有easy，right,strange,obvious,important,difficult,impossible,necessary等。(4)Itis＋adj.＋ofsb.todosth.句式中，作表语的形容词说明不定式逻辑主语的品行、性格等，常见的有kind,nice,good,stupid,silly,careful,careless等。(二)the＋比较级...,the＋比较级...[通其用]翻译句子①这本书我越看越喜欢。The_more_I_read_the_book,_the_more_I_like_it.②锻炼得越多，身体越强壮。The_more_exercise_you_take,_the_stronger_you_are.[解其困](1)“the＋比较级...,the＋比较级...”是一个比较结构，意为“越……，就越……”，表示后者随着前者的变化而变化。其中，前一分句相当于条件状语从句，后一个分句为主句，从句不可用将来时。(2)“比较级＋and＋比较级”表示“越来越”，它通常在句中充当一个句子成分。如：Itisgettingcoolerandcooler.天气越来越凉爽。学案(三)高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养2017全国卷Ⅱ·完形填空——对接课标主题：个人、家庭、社区及学校生活（一）精读真题——拓展语言能力(语篇中蓝体词汇为主题词汇，请注意积累并揣摩其用法)[1]In1973,Iwasteachingelementaryschool.Eachday,27kids__41__“TheThinkingLaboratory.”Thatwasthe__42__studentsvotedforafterdecidingthat“Room104”wastoo__43__.[2]Freddywasanaverage①__44__，butnotanaverageperson.Hehadtherarebalanceoffunandpassion(同情).Hewould__45__theloudestoverfunandbethesaddestoveranyone's__46__.[3]Beforetheschoolyear__47__，Igavethekidsaspecial__48__，T­shirtswiththewords“VerbsAreYour__49__”onthem.Ihadadvisedthekidsthatwhileverbs(动词)mayseemdull,mostofthe__50__②thingstheydothroughouttheirliveswillbeverbs.[4]Throughtheyears,I'druninto③formerstudentswhowouldprovide__51__onoldclassmates.IlearnedthatFreddydidseveraljobsafterhis__52__fromhighschoolandremainedthesame__53__④personImetfortyyearsbefore.Once,whileworkingovernightatastore,heletahomelessman__54__inhistruck.Anothertime,he__55__afriendmoneytobuyahouse.[5]Justlastyear,Iwas__56__aworkshopwhensomeoneknockedattheclassroomdoor.Awoman__57__theinterruptionandhandedmeanenvelope.Istoppedteachingand__58__itup.eq\o(Insidewerethe“Verbs”shirtanda,\s\do13(1))eq\a\vs4\al(59)fromFreddy'smother.“FreddypassedawayonThanksgiving.Hewantedyoutohavethis.”[6]Itoldthestorytotheclass.Assadasitwas,Icouldn'thelpsmiling.AlthoughFreddywastakenfromus,weall__60__somethingfromFreddy.［析微点·厚积语言基础］①微积累——熟词生义：averageadj.平均的n．平均数 (熟义)adj.一般的；普通的 (生义)onaverage平均②微技法——根据上下文逻辑关系解题：文中第50题可以根据空前while“尽管”得知上下句为转折关系，正确选项的意思应与dull意义相反，故可得出正确选项。③微积累——表示“遇见，撞到”的常用词汇：runinto,eacross,meet④微技法——根据所举事例解题：文中第53题可以根据下文举出的例子“whileworking...tobuyahouse”来选出正确选项。通句式——句子(1)为完全倒装句型，表示地点、方位或时间的介词和副词位于句首时，句子要完全倒装。此类词语有：here,there,nowthen,out,in,away,off等。[理脉络——内化读文规律]（二）解析真题——感悟素养立意[考什么·怎么考——真题再做]41．A.built B．enteredC．decorated D．ran解析：选B在1973年，作者正在教小学。每天27个小孩进入(entered)“思想实验室”。故选B项。42．A.name B．ruleC．brand D．plan解析：选A根据下文的“Room104”可知，“TheThinkingLaboratory”是学生们选举出来的名字(name)。故选A项。43．A.small B．darkC．strange D．dull解析：选DRoom104这个名字被学生们选举换成TheThinkingLaboratory，由此可判断出学生们认为Room104这个名字太乏味了。dull“枯燥的，无趣的”，符合语境。故选D项。44．A.scholar B．studentC．citizen D．worker解析：选B根据上文中的“Iwasteachingelementaryschool”及第四段第二、三句可推知，Freddy是一个普通的学生。故选B项。45．A.speak B．singC．question D．laugh解析：选D根据下文中的“theloudestoverfun”可知，Freddy对有趣的事情会笑得最大声。故选D项。46．A.misfortune B．disbeliefC．dishonesty D．mistake解析：选A根据上文中的“thesaddest”可知，Freddy对别人的不幸是感到最悲伤的。misfortune“不幸”；disbelief“不信，怀疑”；dishonesty“不诚实”；mistake“错误”。故选A项。47．A.changed B．approachedC．returned D．ended解析：选D根据空格后作者送学生们T恤衫可知，是本学年结束(ended)之前。故选D项。48．A.lesson B．giftC．reportD．message解析：选B根据空格后的T­shirts可知，这是老师送给学生们的礼物(gift)。故选B项。49．A.Friends B．AwardsC．Masters D．Tasks解析：选A根据语境可知，作者送给学生的T恤衫上写着“动词是你的朋友(friends)”，故选A项。50．A.simpleB．uniqueC．funD．clever解析：选C由while可知，空处与dull形成对比，故选C项。51．A.assessments B．mentsC．instructions D．updates解析：选D根据语境可知，很多年来，作者偶然遇到以前的学生会给他提供一些他们老同学的最新消息，所以作者才了解到Freddy的一些情况。update“最新消息”，符合语境。assessment“评估，评价”；ment“评论”；instruction“指导，教导”。故选D项。52．A.graduation B．retirementC．separation D．resignation解析：选A根据空前的“didseveraljobs”可知，此处表示Freddy从高中毕业后。graduation“毕业”，符合语境，故选A项。retirement“退休”；separation“分离”；resignation“辞职”。53．A.daring B．modestC．caring D．smart解析：选C根据空格前的“remained”以及下文列举的帮助无家可归的人、借钱给朋友可知，Freddy依旧是一个乐于助人的(caring)人。daring“勇敢的”；modest“谦虚的”；smart“聪明的”。故选C项。54．A.wait B．sleepC．study D．live解析：选B根据上文中的“whileworkingovernight”可知，Freddy上夜班时，让一位无家可归的人在他的卡车里睡觉(sleep)。故选B项。55．A.paid B．chargedC．lent D．owed解析：选C因为Freddy是一位乐于助人的人，所以是借给(lent)朋友钱买房子。故选C项。56．A.observing B．preparingC．designing D．conducting解析：选D根据下文中的“Istoppedteaching”可知，作者正在举办一个研习班，这时有人敲教室的门。conduct“实施，执行”，符合语境。故选D项。57．A.regretted B．avoidedC．excused D．ignored解析：选C根据下文中的“Istoppedteaching”可知，作者当时正在上课，所以这位女士为打断作者讲课而请求原谅并递给作者一个信封。excuse“请求原谅(某人的小错)”，符合语境。故选C项。58．A.opened B．packedC．gave D．held解析：选A根据空格前的“anenvelope”以及空格后的“Insidewerethe...”可知，作者打开了(open)信封。故选A项。59．A.picture B．billC．note D．diary解析：选C根据下文中的“FreddypassedawayonThanksgiving...”可知，这个信封里装着一张Freddy的妈妈写的便条。故选C项。60．A.chose B．tookC．expected D．borrowed解析：选B根据上文中的“AlthoughFreddywastakenfromus”可知，尽管Freddy从我们身边被带走了，但是我们所有人都从Freddy那儿拿走了一些东西，即从Freddy的身上学到了一些东西。故选B项。[为什么考·有何价值——导向解读]一、发展思维品质1．发散性思维第43题主要考查考生的发散性思维。第一段第二句提到：每天27名孩子进入“思想实验室”，通过发散思维可知，加了引号的思想实验室，不是真的实验室，学生每天会去的应是“教室”。再根据本句：“思想实验室”是学生们投票选出的名字。再发散思维：他们给教室改名，因为他们认为原来的教室名字——“104教室”太枯燥乏味(dull)了。2．跨跃性思维第44题主要考查考生的跨跃性思维能力。第一段提到作者是一名小学教师，本句为Freddy第一次出现，故根据上文很难确定其身份。但如果考生具备跨跃性思维，继续往下读，读到第四段：这些年，我总会遇到一些之前的学生，他们总会谈起老同学们的近况，通过他们我了解到Freddy仍然是那个充满爱心的人。由此可知，Freddy那时是作者的学生(student)。3．逻辑性思维第45、46题主要考查考生的逻辑性思维能力。第二段第二句可知：Freddy是一个既有趣又充满同情心的人。根据逻辑，第45、46题所在句会举例说明他的“有趣”和“富有同情心”，故本句表达的是：他对有趣的事情会笑(laugh)得最大声，对别人的不幸(misfortune)是感到最悲伤的。二、聚焦核心价值本文是一篇记叙文。作者按照时间顺序讲述了自己的一位学生Freddy的故事，并说明了作者自己从他身上学到了一些东西。文章旨在培养学生热情、善良、有同情心的优秀品行。教育的根本任务就是“立德树人”，即培养德智体美劳全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人。“德”在首位，可见其重要性。人无德不立，育人的根本在于立德。只有每个人都具有仁爱之心，乐于助人，乐于奉献，我们的社会才会更和谐，才能为实现中国梦助力。（三）借力真题——发掘学习能力Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Peoplemaybereplacedbyrobotsonfarm,infactoriesandlaboratories(laboratory)．2．WhileIamwillingtohelp，Idonothavemuchtimeavailable.3．Thereare(be)somanypeoplewanderingaroundonthestreetattheweekend.4．Itisessentialthatyourdietisvariedandbalanced(balance)．5．Theyadvisedthatapassportbe_carried(carry)withatalltimes.Ⅱ.补全句子1．On_average(平均),studentshavetospend3hoursfinishinghomeworkeveryday.2．Shouldyourun_into(遇到)Sunny,tellhersheowesmeanapology.3．Busyasyouare,youshouldkeep_a_balance(保持平衡)betweenworkandrelaxation.Ⅲ.分析长难句Ihadadvisedthekidsthatwhileverbs(动词)mayseemdull,mostofthefunthingstheydothroughouttheirliveswillbeverbs.[句式解构]本句是一个含有一个宾语从句，一个让步状语从句和一个定语从句的主从复合句。主句的主语是I，谓语动词是hadadvised。其中that引导宾语从句；宾语从句中while引导让步状语从句；“theydothroughouttheirlives”为省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词“mostofthefunthings”。[句意翻译]_我曾建议孩子们，虽然动词看起来很枯燥，但他们一生中做的大部分有趣的事情都是动词。Ⅳ.语法填空Freddywasanaveragestudent,1.butnotanaverageperson.Hehadtherarebalanceoffunandpassion(同情).Hewouldlaughthe2.loudest(loud)overfunandbethesaddestoveranyone'smisfortune.Beforetheschoolyearended,Igavethekidsaspecialgift，T­shirts3.withthewords“VerbsAreYourFriends”onthem.Ihadadvisedthekidsthatwhileverbs(动词)mayseemdull,mostofthefun4.things(thing)theydothroughouttheirliveswillbeverbs.Throughtheyears,I'drunintoformerstudents5.whowouldprovideupdatesonoldclassmates.IlearnedthatFreddydidseveraljobsafterhis6.graduation(graduate)fromhighschoolandremainedthesamecaringpersonImetfortyyearsbefore.Justlastyear,I7.was_conducting(conduct)aworkshopwhensomeoneknockedattheclassroomdoor.Awomanexcusedthe8.interruption(interrupt)andhandedmeanenvelope.Inside9.were(be)the“Verbs”shirtandanotefromFreddy'smother.“FreddypassedawayonThanksgiving.Hewantedyoutohavethis.”Itoldthestorytotheclass.Assadasitwas,Icouldn'thelp10.smiling(smile).AlthoughFreddywastakenfromus,wealltooksomethingfromFreddy.Ⅴ.主题语境写作你的同学李华暑假期间到饭店打工，并把自己辛苦挣得的钱都募捐出去帮助更需要的人，请你就此情景写一篇小短文。注意：1.词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考范文：Duringthesummerholiday,togetmoresocialexperienceandtheskillstomunicatewithpeople,myclassmate,LiHua,tookapart­timejobasawaiterinarestaurant.Heservedthecustomerswithdeliciousdishesandexplainedpatientlytoanyonewhoorderedfood.Themanagerwaspleasedwithhisworkandpaidhimalotofmoneyattheendoftheholiday.Withthesalary,LiHuacametoafund­raisingeventforthedisabledanddonatedallthemoneyhehadearned.Hewashappythathewasabletodosomethingforthepeopleinneedanddecidedtodomoreforothersinthefuture.课下主题训练个人、家庭、社区及学校生活Ⅰ.阅读理解Asakid,JoannaBuckleywasn'tinterestedinscience—untilshehadachancetotryit.ThathappenedwhenshegotachemistrysetforChristmas.“Overthecourseofafewweeks,I'dpletedeveryexperiment.Butintheprocess,Ipollutedmyparent'sdiningroomcarpetandburntthekitchenworktopwiththespiritburner，”shesays.NowscienceisBuckley'sjob.SheworksinthechemistrydepartmentattheUniversityofSheffieldinEngland.“Irealize,first­hand,howimportantitistohavesomethingorsomeonetoshowyouwhyscienceissogreat，”shesays.Nowthegoodnewsisthatcitizenscienceappears.CitizensciencetakesthefunofexperimentingastepfurtherthanBuckley'sat­homechemistrykit.That'sbecausetheseexperimentsarereal,lookingfornovelanswers.“paredwithaone­offexperiment,what'scoolaboutcitizenscienceisthatstudentsgetthatthishasapurpose，”Prunuskesays.“Studentswanttodoagoodjob,becausetheyknowscientistsaregoingtousethenewdataintheirownresearch.”Longagrees.“Kidslikethatit'sreal.Andtheylikethatit'simportant,thatitmatters.”Citizen­scienceprojectshavemadebigdiscoveries.Onefoundapreviouslyunknowngalaxycluster(星系团).AnotherprojecthelpedassesshowmuchdamageabigearthquakehadcausedinJapan.Andoneofthefirstcitizen­scienceprojectshelpedscientistslearnwherebutterfliesgoeverywinter.Someadultsworryaboutteenslosinginterestinscience.That'sonereasontheyhopethatfun,excitingcitizen­scienceprojectscanhelpthemkeepintouch,Longsays.Andshehassomeevidencethatit'sworking,“Lastyear,wedidhaveacoupleofstudentssay,‘IreallythinkIwanttobeascientistnow.’”语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了公民科学项目，使青少年体验实验的乐趣，激励着少年，为他们在科学的道路上指引着方向。1．WhatisthepurposeofParagraph2?A．Tosupporttrialscanmaketeensinterestedinscience.B．Toprovefailureisthemotherofsuccessinscience.C．TostateBuckleyhasatalentforscience.D．TopraiseBuckleyforherstrongwill.解析：选A推理判断题。第一段提到小时候，乔安娜·巴克利对科学并不感兴趣，直到她有机会尝试一下。这件事发生在她圣诞节得到一套化学仪器的时候。由此可知，第二段是为了支持第一段提出的观点，只有做了试验才能对科学感兴趣。故选A。2．Whyiscitizensciencemorefun?A．Itcarriesoutexperimentsfrequently.B．Itmustcarryoutexperimentsingroups.C．Itneedstoseekfornewsolutions.D．Itdemandstohandleplexproblems.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，它更有趣是因为需要寻找新的解决办法。故选C。3．WhatcanweknowfromwhatPrunuskesaid?A．Sheparticipatedintheexperiment.B．Shetookprideinwhatstudentstookup.C．Citizenscienceispopularwithstudents.D．Scientistsarewillingtoemploystudents.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“paredwith...purpose”与一次性的实验相比，公民科学的最酷之处在于，学生们意识到这是有目的的。由此可知，公民科学受学生欢迎。故选C。4．WhatisLong'sattitudetowardscitizenscience?A．Concerned. B．Supportive.C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.解析：选B推理判断题。根据最后一段可推断出，Long对于公民科学项目是支持的。故选B。Ⅱ.完形填空Whystudyhistory?Peopleliveinthepresent.Theyplanforthe__1__.History,however,isthestudyofthepast.Givenallthe__2__andpressuresthatefromlivinginthepresentand__3__whatisyettoe,whybotherwithwhathashappened?Givenalltheavailablebranchesofknowledge,whyinsist—asmost__4__systemsdo—onhistory?Andwhyurgemanystudentstostudyevenmorehistorythantheyare__5__to?Anysubjectofstudyneeds__6__：supportersmustexplainwhyitisworth__7__.Likemostwidelyaccepted__8__，historyattractspeoplewhosimply__9__theinformationandmodesofthoughtinvolved.Butforpeoplewhoarelessinterestedinthesubjectandmore__10__aboutwhytheyshouldbotherwithit,aclearerexplanationofitspurposeisrequired.__11__donotperformhearttransplants,improvehighwaydesign,orarrestcriminals.Inasocietythatquitecorrectlyexpectseducationtoserve__12__purposes,history'sfunctionscanseemmoredifficultto__13__thanthoseofengineeringormedicine.Historyisinfactveryuseful,actually__14__，buttheproductsofhistoricalstudyareoftenless__15__andimmediatethanthoseofothersubjects.Historyhelpsusunderstandpeople,societiesandhowthey__16__.Forexample,howcanwe__17__pastwarsandfuturethreatswithoutusinghistoricalmaterials?Unfortunately,majoraspectsofthesociety'soperationcannotbesetupaspreciseexperiments.__18__，historymustserve,howeverimperfectly,asour__19__，helpingusunderstandwhoweareandwhywedowhatwedo.This,fundamentally,iswhywecannot__20__history.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。很多人有这样的疑惑：我们所有的需求和压力都来自活在当下，以及对未来的预期，为什么还要在已经发生的事情上花费时间呢？虽然历史研究的成果往往不如其他学科那样立竿见影，但是，历史学科实际上是