专题09 阅读理解长难句及C篇考点专练（解析版） -【高频考点解密】2024年高考英语二轮复习高频考点追踪与检测（上海专用）

专题验收评价专题09阅读理解长难句及C篇考点专项练内容概览A·常考题不丢分B·拓展培优拿高分C·挑战真题争满分【长难句考例分析】【考例1】WhywasGarzasmoveasuccess？A.Itstrengthenedherfamilyties.B.Itimprovedherlivingconditions.C.Itenabledhertomakemorefriends.D.Ithelpedherknowmorenewplaces.主要答题依据：Todayallthreegenerationsregardthemoveasasuccess,givingthemacloserrelationshipthantheywouldhavehadinseparatecities.分析：本句主干是一个主谓+复合宾语的简单句，随后带了一个V-ing形式作原因状语（其逻辑主语是themove），这个原因状语中又包含一个隐含虚拟语气的定语从句。题干与本句的主干意义一致，所以本题主要考查对原因状语的理解。结合虚拟语气的用法可知，原因状语意思是说，搬到一起后，他们之间的关系更亲密了。如果他们不曾搬家，而是住在各自的城市里，他们之间的关系就不会比现在更亲密。故本题选A。【考例2】WhatdidCrosbysayaboutpeopleinthe1960s？A.Theywereunsureofthemselves.B.Theywereeagertoraisemorechildren.C.Theywantedtoliveawayfromtheirparents.D.Theyhadlittlerespectfortheirgrandparents.主要答题依据：“Inthe1960swewereallalittlewildandcouldn’tgetawayfromhomefarenoughorfastenoughtoprovewecoulddoitonourown，”saysChristineCrosby,publisherofGrand,amagazineforgrandparents.分析：本題主要考查对引号中句子的理解。这个句子的结构并不复杂，第一个分句是主系表结构；第二个分句是省略了主语的主谓宾结构，其后再加far和fast及动词不定式作状语。本句难就难在考查了一个特殊的语法结构“cant/couldn’t...enough...”表示“越……越好”，所以引号中句子的意思是“在20世纪60年代我们都有一点疯狂，为了证明我们可以独立，我们认为离家越远越好，越快越好。”故本题选C。【考例3】Whatmadetheauthorsgettingupearlyworthwhile？A.Havingaswim.B.Breathinginfreshair.C.Walkinginthemorningsun.D.Visitingalocalfarmersmarket.主要答题依据：Swimmingpools，winetasting，andpinksunsets（atnormaleveninghours，not4intheafternoon）filledtheweekend，butthebestpart—particularlytomytaste，dulledbymonthsofcold-weatherrootvegetables—wasa7a.m.adventuretotheSarasotafarmersmarketthatprovedtobemorethanworththeearlywake-upcall.分析：这个句子是一个长句，但本句其实就是一个由but连接的转折并列句。第一个分句是一个主谓宾简单句“Swimmingpools，winetasting，andpinksunsetsfilledtheweekend”；第二个分句是个主系表简单句“thebestpartwasa7a.m.adventure”。第一个分句的主语后加了插入语对pinksunsets补充说明；第二个分句的主谓之间也用破折号加入了插入语，表语“a7a.m.adventure”后带了介词短语作定语和分隔式定语从句。定语从句“thatprovedtobemorethanworththeearlywake-upcall”中的that指代adventure，再根据adventure后的定语可知，这次冒险是指早起去Sarasota当地的农贸市场，因此本题答案选D。【考例4】Whatwastheauthorgoingtodothatevening？A.Gotoafarm.B.Checkintoahotel.C.Eatinarestaurant.D.Buyfreshvegetables.主要答题依据：DelightedasIwasbythetomatoesinsight,myhappinessdeepenedwhenIlearnedthatBrownsGroveFarmisoneofthesuppliersforJackDusty,anewlyopenedrestaurantattheSarasotaRitzCarlton,where—luckilyforme—Iwasplanningtohavedinnerthatverynight.分析：本句是一个复杂的主从复合句。主句为主谓结构的简单句“myhappinessdeepened”，其前面是一个as引导的倒装结构的让步状语从句，其后是when引导的时间状语从句，这个时间状语从句中又包含一个that引导的主系表结构的宾语从句，这个宾语从句中有一个介词短语forJackDusty作状语，其后接“anewlyopenedrestaurantattheSarasotaRitzCarlton”作JackDusty的同位语，补充说明JackDusty是一家新开的餐馆，然后再由where引导非限制性定语从句补充说明我打算要在那天晚上在JackDusty这家新开的餐馆里吃饭，故答案选C。【考例5】Inthe18thandearly19thcenturies,passengerpigeons_______.A.werethebiggestbirdintheworldB.livedmainlyinthesouthofAmericaC.didgreatharmtothenaturalenvironmentD.werethelargestbirdpopulationintheUS主要答题依据：Itwascalculatedthatwhenitspopulationreacheditshighestpoint，thereweremorethan3billionpassengerpigeons—anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStates,makingitperhapsthemostabundantbirdintheworld.分析：本句是一個由that引导的主语从句的复合句。that引导的主语从句中包含一个由when引导的时间状语从句的复合句，这个复合句的主句是therebe句型，其主语“morethan3billionpassengerpigeons”后由破折号引出同位语anumber，然后再接定语从句“whichisequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStates”的省略形式（省略了whichis）作anumber的后置定语，最后这个therebe句型后又跟了一个V-ing形式的结果状语。根据这个句子的意思及仔细比较四个选项,可知本题选D。【考例6】WhatistheauthorsattitudetowardstheexpertsmentionedinParagraph3？A.Tolerant.B.Doubtful.C.Respectful.D.Supportive.主要答题依据：Thisupsetsmetonoendbecausewhilealltheexpertsarebusydebatingaboutwhichoptionisbest，thepeoplewhowanttoimprovetheirlivesareleftconfusedbyalloftheconflictinginformation.分析：本句是一个包含because原因状语从句的复合句。because原因状语从句是一个包含while引导的时间状语从句的复合句，这个复合句的主句主语和谓语之间插入了who引导的定语从句，主句的谓语使用的是leavesb/sthadj.（使……处于某种状态）的被动语态。本句可翻译为：当所有的专家忙于争辩哪个是最好的选择时，那些想要改善自己生活的人依然被诸多相互矛盾的信息困扰着，这让我感到无限沮丧。因此作者对专家们的态度是怀疑的，故本题选B。1.【上海市曹杨第二中学2024届高三上学期9月英语模拟卷】Ofallthejournalismspecialties,sciencewritingmaywellbethemostchallenging.Sciencewriterscoverfieldsundergoingsomeofthemostrapidadvancesinhistory,fromstunningadvancesingeneticsandbiotechnologytoexoticdiscoveriesinastrophysics.Asciencewriter’sweekmayincludecoverageofnewdiscoveriesaboutviruses,thebrain,evolution,artificialintelligence,planetsaroundothersuns,andglobalclimatechangeanditsenvironmentalimpact,tonameonlyafewtopics.Writinganythingthat’sanygoodishardwork,butsciencewriterslabortinderaparticular,andratherpeculiar,setofconstraints.Scienceisnew—onlyabout400yearsold,asagoingconcern—andprodigious,havingtransformedourconceptionoftheuniverseandofourplaceinit.Butpreciselybecauseitsimpacthasbeensorapidandsomonumental,sciencehasnotyetbeenabsorbedintoourcommonconsciousness.Readerscometotheprintedpagealreadyknowingsomethingaboutcrimeandpunishment,loveandloss,triumphandtragedy—butnot,necessarily,abouttherolesplayedbytheoryandobservationinidentifyingavirusortracingthecurvatureofintergalacticspace.Hencesciencewritershavetokeepexplainingthings,fromthesignificanceofscientificfactstothemethodsbywhichtheyareadduced,whilesimultaneouslyholdingthereaders’attentionandmovingthestoryalong.It’sasifbusinessreportershadtoconstantlyexplainwhatismeantby“turningaprofit”,orsportswritersby“scoringatouchdown”.Unsurprisingly,wesciencewritersareoftenmisunderstood.Peopletendtoassumethatwewritecomputersoftwaremanualsorthosebuckram-boundengineeringtextbooksassignedtostudentsintechnicalstudies.Fellowauthorsdismissusastranslators.Editorsmaythinkusnarrow.Aquarter-centuryago,whenIwasstrugglingtomoveawayfromwritingaboutpoliticsandrockmusicinordertoconcentrateonastronomy,theeditorofamajormagazinepressedmetodoanarticle,called“TheBionicMan”,onartificialbodyparts.WhenIdeclined,hebecameimpatient.“Well,whatdoyouwanttowriteabout?”heasked,throwinguphishands,likeamotoristcutoffintraffic.“Astronomy,”Ireplied.“You’vealreadywrittenaboutastronomy!”“Yes,butIlikeit.Itwasmyoriginalinterestinlife.”“Aren’tyouafraidofbecomingsomesortofJohnnyOneNote?”“Well,notreally.Youknow,what’soutthereissomethinglikeninety-nine,thenadecimalpoint,thentwenty-eightmoreninespercentofeverything.Coveringnearlyeverythingdoesn’tseemallthatlimiting.Anditleadstolotsofotherthings.”I’vebeenonthewrongsideofargumentswitheditorsmoreoftenthanitiscomfortabletorecall,butonthisoccasionIturnedouttohavebeenright.Astronomydidleadtoeverythingelse.Itledmeintoothersciencesofcourse—amongthemphysics,chemistry,andbiology—andalso,bymanywindingpaths,topoetry,literature,history,philosophy,art,music,andintoconversationwithsomeofthesmartestandmostcreativepeopleintheworld.43.Accordingtothewriter,whatisthemaindifficultyfacingsciencewriters?A.Findingnewsciencetopics.B.Meetingthereader’sexpectationsofscience.C.Overcomingthereader'sunfamiliaritywithscience.D.Keepingupwiththerapiddevelopmentsinscience.44.WhydidthewriterrefusetowriteaboutTheBionicMan?A.Hehadnoexpertiseinthetopic.B.Hewasnotpassionateaboutthetopic.C.Hedidnotrealizethepotentialofthetopic.D.Hedidnotwanttowriteaboutthesametopicagain.45.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthewriterisNOTtrue?A.Hefindsitdifficulttogetrecognitionfromothersasasciencewriter.B.Hefeelsquitecomfortablewiththepreviousargumentshehadwitheditors.C.Akeeninterestinastronomycontributestohisexplorationofotherdisciplines.D.Astronomyhelpshimformaconnectionwithsomegreatmindsintheworld.46.Whichwordbestdescribesthetoneofthelastparagraph?A.indifference B.amusement C.frustration D.satisfaction【答案】43.C44.B45.B46.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了科学写作的挑战性，科技作家面临的困难并以自己切实经历为例。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Readerscometotheprintedpagealreadyknowingsomethingaboutcrimeandpunishment,loveandloss,triumphandtragedy—butnot,necessarily,abouttherolesplayedbytheoryandobservationinidentifyingavirusortracingthecurvatureofintergalacticspace.Hencesciencewritershavetokeepexplainingthings,fromthesignificanceofscientificfactstothemethodsbywhichtheyareadduced,whilesimultaneouslyholdingthereaders’attentionandmovingthestoryalong.（读者在阅读印刷版时，已经对犯罪与惩罚、爱与失去、胜利与悲剧有所了解，但未必了解理论和观察在识别病毒或追踪星系间空间曲率方面所起的作用。因此，科学作家必须不断地解释事情，从科学事实的意义到它们被引见的方法，同时抓住读者的注意力，推动故事的发展。）”可知，作者认为，科技作家面临的主要困难是克服读者对科学的不熟悉。故选C。【44题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Aquarter-centuryago,whenIwasstrugglingtomoveawayfromwritingaboutpoliticsandrockmusicinordertoconcentrateonastronomy,theeditorofamajormagazinepressedmetodoanarticle,called“TheBionicMan”,onartificialbodyparts.(25年前，当我努力摆脱政治和摇滚音乐的写作，转而专注于天文学时，一家主流杂志的编辑强迫我写一篇关于人造身体部位的文章，名为《仿生人》。)”和倒数第四段“Yes,butIlikeit.Itwasmyoriginalinterestinlife.（是的，但我喜欢它。这是我对生活最初的兴趣。）”可推断，作者热爱天文学而对人造身体部位的文章不感兴趣。故选B。【45题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“I’vebeenonthewrongsideofargumentswitheditorsmoreoftenthanitiscomfortabletorecall（在与编辑的争论中，我常常站在错误的一边，回想起来都不舒服）”可知，作者对之前和编辑们的争论感到很不舒服，所以B选择项表述是错误的。故选B。【46题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Itledmeintoothersciencesofcourse—amongthemphysics,chemistry,andbiology—andalso,bymanywindingpaths,topoetry,literature,history,philosophy,art,music,andintoconversationwithsomeofthesmartestandmostcreativepeopleintheworld.（它引导我进入了其他的科学领域，包括物理、化学和生物，也通过许多曲折的途径，进入了诗歌、文学、历史、哲学、艺术、音乐，并与世界上一些最聪明、最有创造力的人进行了交谈。）”可知，作者这次坚定自己的爱好立场给他带来了广阔的视野，是非常正确的决定，从而推断作者对自己的决定感到满意。故选D。2.【上海市建平中学2024届高三上学期9月考试英语试题】Metaphorisformostpeopleadeviceofthepoeticimaginationandtherhetoricalflourish-amatterofextraordinaryratherthanordinarylanguage.Moreover,metaphoristypicallyviewedascharacteristicoflanguagealone,amatterofwordsratherthanthoughtoraction.Forthisreason,mostpeoplethinktheycangetalongperfectlywellwithoutmetaphor.Wehavefound,onthecontrary,thatmetaphorispervasiveineverydaylife,notjustinlanguagebutinthoughtandactionaswell.Ourordinaryconceptualsystem,intermsofwhichweboththinkandact,isfundamentallymetaphoricalinnature.Theconceptsthatgovernourthoughtarenotjustmattersoftheintellect.Theyalsogovernoureverydayfunctioning,downtothemostordinarydetails.Ourconceptsstructurewhatweperceive,howwegetaroundintheworld,andhowwerelatetootherpeople.Ourconceptualsystemthusplaysacentralroleindefiningoureverydayrealities.Ifwearerightinsuggestingthatourconceptualsystemislargelymetaphorical,thenthewaywethink,whatweexperience,andwhatwedoeverydayisverymuchamatterofmetaphor.Butourconceptualsystemisnotsomethingwearenormallyawareof.Inmostofthelittlethingswedoeveryday,wesimplythinkandactmoreorlessautomaticallyalongcertainlines.Justwhattheselinesareisbynomeansobvious.Onewaytofindoutisbylookingatlanguage.Sincecommunicationisbasedonthesameconceptualsystemthatweuseinthinkingandacting,languageisanimportantsourceofevidenceforwhatthatsystemislike.Togivesomeideaofwhatitcouldmeanforaconcepttobemetaphoricalandforsuchaconcepttostructureaneverydayactivity,letusstartwiththeconceptARGUMENTandtheconceptualmetaphorARGUMENTISWAR.Thismetaphorisreflectedinoureverydaylanguagebyawidevarietyofexpressions:ARGUMENTISWAR.Yourclaimsareindefensible.Heattackedeveryweakpointinmyargument.Hiscriticismswererightontarget.Idemolishedhisargument.I'veneverwonanargumentwithhim.Youdisagree?Okay,shoot〜!Ifyouusethestrategy,he’llwipeyouout.Heshotdownallofmyarguments.Itisimportanttoseethatwedon'tjusttalkaboutargumentsintermsofwar.Wecanactuallywinorlosearguments.Weseethepersonwearearguingwithasanopponent.Weattackhispositionsanddefendourown.Wegainandloseground.Weplanandusestrategies.Ifwefindapositionindefensible,wecanabandonitandtakeanewlineofattack.Manyofthethingswedoinarguingarepartiallystructuredbytheconceptofwar.Thoughthereisnophysicalbattle,thereisaverbalbattle,andthestructureofanargument-attack,defense,counterattack,etc.-reflectsthis.ItisinthissensethattheARGUMENTISWARmetaphorisonethatwelivebyinthisculture;itstructurestheactionsweperforminarguing.43.Whichofthefollowingstatementswilltheauthormostprobablyagreewith?A.Metaphorisprimarilyaliterarytoolthatpolishesourthoughtsandexpressions.B.Theactionsinvolvedinargumentisunderstoodintermsofwarconceptually.C.People'sactionisgenerallymoredependentonmetaphorthanonconcept.D.Theconceptofargumentexistsonthepreconditionthatthereiswar.44.Accordingtoparagraph3,whatistherelationshipbetweenlanguageandourconceptualsystem?A.Languageandtheconceptualsystemarestructuredseparatelyandautomatically.B.Theconceptualsystemremainsinaccessibledespitetherevelationoflanguage.C.Theconceptualsystemprovidesvariousdefinitionsforourlanguage.D.Languageprovidescluestowhatconstitutestheconceptualsystem.45.Theunderlinedword“demolished”isclosetinmeaningto“________”.A.defeated B.dismissed C.justified D.favored46.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Warisnon-verbalargument. B.Ourcommunicationismetaphorical.C.Conceptsareinternallyconstructed. D.Fewpeoplespeakinmetaphoricallanguage.【答案】43.B44.D45.A46.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是隐喻及其在日常生活中的体现和应用。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Togivesomeideaofwhatitcouldmeanforaconcepttobemetaphoricalandforsuchaconcepttostructureaneverydayactivity,letusstartwiththeconceptARGUMENTandtheconceptualmetaphorARGUMENTISWAR.Thismetaphorisreflectedinoureverydaylanguagebyawidevarietyofexpressions:ARGUMENTISWAR.(为了让大家了解一个概念的隐喻性以及这个概念如何组织日常活动，让我们从概念论证和概念隐喻论证即战争开始。这个比喻反映在我们的日常语言中，有各种各样的表达：争论就是战争)”可知，B选项“论辩中涉及的行动在概念上被理解为战争”的说法作者最可能同意。故选B。【44题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Butourconceptualsystemisnotsomethingwearenormallyawareof.Inmostofthelittlethingswedoeveryday,wesimplythinkandactmoreorlessautomaticallyalongcertainlines.Justwhattheselinesareisbynomeansobvious.Onewaytofindoutisbylookingatlanguage.Sincecommunicationisbasedonthesameconceptualsystemthatweuseinthinkingandacting,languageisanimportantsourceofevidenceforwhatthatsystemislike.(但是我们的概念系统不是我们通常意识到的东西。在我们每天做的大多数小事情中，我们只是简单地或多或少地按照某些特定的思路思考和行动。这些线条到底是什么并不明显。其中一个方法就是观察语言。由于交流是基于我们在思考和行动中使用的相同的概念系统，语言是证明这个系统是什么样的重要证据来源)”可知，语言和我们的概念系统之间的关系是语言提供了构成概念系统的线索。故选D。【45题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Yourclaimsareindefensible.”以及后文“hisargument”可知，你的主张是站不住脚的，所以“我”击败了他的论点。故画线词意思是“击败”。A.defeated击败，破坏；B.dismissed解散；C.justified调整；D.favored支持。故选A。【46题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Wehavefound,onthecontrary,thatmetaphorispervasiveineverydaylife,notjustinlanguagebutinthoughtandactionaswell.(相反，我们发现隐喻在日常生活中无处不在，不仅存在于语言中，也存在于思想和行动中)”可推知，我们的交流是隐喻性的。故选B。3.【上海市复兴高级中学2024届高三上九月考试】Inhis1975novelChangingPlaces,BritishnovelistDavidLodgedescribedthelifestyleoftwoliteratureprofessorswhocrosstheplanetrepeatedly,tradingarainyEnglishcampusforasunnyCaliforniauniversity,andviceversa.Alongtheway,manyotherthingsareexchangedaswell,includingaffairsoftheheart.Whilescholarsworkingtodaydon'tenjoythesamebenefits—luxuryhotelsandbusiness-classflightsinparticular—theymightrecognizethattheystillliveinLodge'ssmallworld.Sincethemid-l970s,transportationandcommunicationadvanceshavemadetheplanetsteadilysmallerandthenumberofinternationalstudentshasrisensharplyinturn.InLodge'snovels,universitiesseemedchangeless,whitefourdecadeslatertheyarefullyengagedininternationalization.InthepostColdWarera,academicrelationshipsarebecomingricherandmorecomplex.StudentsintheGlobalSouth,eagertoparticipateintheknowledgeeconomyandreceivesomeofitsbenefits,aredrivingmuchoftheincreaseddemandforeducationatalllevels.Thatfutureprofitsandsolutionstopressingglobalproblemsaretobefoundinadvancedresearchmakesinternationalcooperationessential.Asarecentreportshows,internationalizationisastrategicpriorityformanyuniversitiesandthey'reworkingtoputthemselvesontheworldmap.Whencompetingfornewlands,however,familiarrulesnolongerapplyandnewguidelinesmustbeestablishedtoincreasethechanceofprofits,oratleastminimizepotentiallosses.Theinternationalizationofuniversitiesraisesanoldproblem:theabilitytoconnecttoglobaldevelopmentwithoutlosingdiversity.Someaspectsofglobalscience,suchasNobelprizes,tendtopromotea“winner-takes-all'system.Highereducationinstitutionsshouldtakeacriticaldistancefromthistendencyandembracetheirdiversity—thereismorethanoneTreasureIslandforscience.Internationalizationisnotaboutgoingtoplacessimilartoourowncountryorinstitution.Instead,studentsandscholarscanfindstimulatingenvironmentsandacademicconditionsthatcanchallengewhattheytakeforgranted.Wegenerallyassumethathighereducationandinnovationgohandinhand,butwedonotknowhowinnovationcomesabout.Theonlyreasonableassumptionisthatithappensindifficultconditions,whenwehavetoovercomeaproblem.That'swhyit'simportanttoputstudentsandscholarsinchallengingdiversesituationsandhelpthemlearndifferentwaysofthinking.Frommypointofview,enhancingaccessandpromotingdiversityshouldbethecompassofallinternationalizationstrategies.So,theshiphasstarted,andlet'ssail.43.ThepurposeofmentioningthenovelbyDavidLodgeisto________.A.showhowthingsarechangedinternationallyB.criticizethelifestyleoftwoliteratureprofessorsC.convincethereadersthatuniversitiesarechangelessD.introducethetopicofinternationalizationofuniversities44.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Universitieshavetosetupnewrulestocopewiththecompetition.B.Alltheuniversitiesareworkinghardtoattractmoreinternationalstudents.C.Internationalstudentsmakeacademicrelationshipofuniversitiesmorecomplex.D.Thereasonsforinternationalcooperationofuniversitiesareprofitsandcompetition.45.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence"thereismorethanoneTreasureIslandforscience"inParagraph5mean?A.GlobalizedHighereducationshoulddevelopmoretreasureswithscience.B.InternationalizedHighereducationisexpectedofwinningmoreNobelPrizes.C.GlobalizedHighereducationshouldbediverse.D.Internationalizationofuniversitiesshouldchallengescholarsmore.46.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Innovation—thebestsolutiontoglobalizationB.InnovationandcooperationcometoushandinhandC.InternationalcooperationofuniversitiesbecomesmoreessentialD.Globalizedhighereducation—there'smorethanonewaytoexcellence【答案】43.D44.A45.C46.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今大学正在步入国际化，最近的一份报告显示，国际化是许多大学的战略重点，他们正在努力让自己在世界地图上。但国际化也存在一些问题，文章对此进行了说明，作者认为加强准入和促进多样性应该是所有国际化战略的指南针。【43题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“InLodge'snovels,universitiesseemedchangeless,whitefourdecadeslatertheyarefullyengagedininternationalization.(在洛奇的小说中，大学似乎是一成不变的，40年后，它们完全投身于国际化)”可推知，之所以提到大卫·洛奇的小说，是为了引入大学国际化的话题。故选D。【44题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Whencompetingfornewlands,however,familiarrulesnolongerapplyandnewguidelinesmustbeestablishedtoincreasethechanceofprofits,oratleastminimizepotentiallosses.(然而，当竞争新的领域时，熟悉的规则不再适用，必须建立新的指导方针，以增加利润的机会，或至少减少潜在的损失)”可推知，大学必须制定新的规则来应对竞争。故选A。【45题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Highereducationinstitutionsshouldtakeacriticaldistancefromthistendencyandembracetheirdiversity”可知，高等教育机构应该与这种趋势保持关键距离，拥抱多样性，故拥抱多样性指的是让高等教育更加多元化。画线句意思是“高等教育应该多元化”。故选C。【46题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Whilescholarsworkingtodaydon'tenjoythesamebenefits—luxuryhotelsandbusiness-classflightsinparticular—theymightrecognizethattheystillliveinLodge'ssmallworld.Sincethemid-l970s,transportationandcommunicationadvanceshavemadetheplanetsteadilysmallerandthenumberofinternationalstudentshasrisensharplyinturn.InLodge'snovels,universitiesseemedchangeless,whitefourdecadeslatertheyarefullyengagedininternationalization.(虽然今天工作的学者不能享受同样的福利——尤其是豪华酒店和商务舱航班——但他们可能会意识到，他们仍然生活在洛奇的小世界里。自20世纪70年代中期以来，交通和通讯技术的进步使地球不断缩小，而国际学生的数量反过来急剧上升。在洛奇的小说中，大学似乎是一成不变的，40年后，它们完全投身于国际化)”结合文章主要说明了如今大学正在步入国际化，最近的一份报告显示，国际化是许多大学的战略重点，他们正在努力让自己在世界地图上。但国际化也存在一些问题，文章对此进行了说明，作者认为加强准入和促进多样性应该是所有国际化战略的指南针。可知，这篇文章主要讲了全球化的高等教育——通往卓越的道路不止一条。故选D。4.【上海市实验学校2024届高三上学期10月摸底考试】Earlydecision-youapplytooneschool，andadmissionisbinding--seemslikeagreatchoicefornervousapplicants，Schoolsletinahigherpercentageofearly-decisionapplicants,whicharguablymeansthatyouhaveabetterchanceofgettingin.Andifyoudo，you'redonewiththewholeprocessbyDecember.Butwhatmoststudentsandparentsdon'trealizeisthatschoolshavehiddenmotivesforofferingearlydecision.Earlydecision，sinceit'sbinding，allowsschoolstofilltheirclasseswithqualifiedstudents；itallowsadmissionscommitteestoselectthestudentsthatareinparticulardemandfortheircollegeandknowthosestudentswillcome.Italsogivesschoolsahigheryieldrate，whichisoftenusedasoneofthewaystomeasurecollegeselectivityandpopularity.Theproblemisthatthisprocesseffectivelyshortensthewindowoftimestudentshavetomakeoneofthemostimportantdecisionsoftheirlivesuptothatpoint.Underregularadmissions，seniorshaveuntilMay1tochoosewhichschooltoattend；earlydecisioneffectivelystealssixmonthsfromthem，monthsthatcouldbeusedtovisitmoreschools，domoreresearch，speaktocurrentstudentsandalumniandarguablymakeamoreinformeddecision.Thereare，frankly，anastonishingnumberofexceptionalcollegesinAmerica，andforanygivenstudent，thereareanumberofschoolsthatareagreatfit.Whenstudentsbecometoofixated（专注）onaparticularschoolearlyintheadmissionsprocess，thatfixationcanleadtoseveredisappointmentiftheydon'tgetinor，iftheydo，thepossibilitythattheyarenowboundtogotoaschoolthat，giventimeforfurtherreflection，maynotactuallyberightforthem.Earlydecisionoffersagenuineadmissionsedge，butthatadvantagegoeslargelytostudentswhoalreadyhavenumerousadvantages.Thestudentswhouseearlydecisiontendtobethosewhohavereceivedhigher-qualitycollegeguidance，usuallyaresultofcomingfromamoreprivilegedbackground.Inthisregard，there'sanargumentagainstearlydecision，asstudentsfromlower-incomefamiliesarefarlesslikelytohavetheadmissionsknow-howtonavigatetheoften-confusingearlydeadlines.Studentswhohavedonetheirresearchandareconfidentthatthere'soneschooltheywouldbethrilledtogetintoshould，underthecurrentsystem，probablyapplyunderearlydecision.Butforstudentswhohaven'tyetdoneenoughresearch，orwhoarestillconstantlychangingtheirmindsonfavoriteschools，theearlydecisionsystemneedlesslyandprematurelynarrowsthefieldofpossibilityjustatatimewhenstudentsshouldbeopeningthemselvestoawholerangeofthrillingoptions.43.Whatarestudentsobligedtodounderearlydecision？A.Consultthecurrentstudentsandalumni. B.Thinktwicebeforetheyaccepttheoffer.C.Attendtheschooloncetheyareadmitted. D.Lookintoalotofschoolsbeforetheyapply.44.Whatissaidtobetheproblemwithearlydecisionforstudents？A.Itplacestoohighademandontheirresearchability.B.Itmakestheirapplicationprocessmorecomplicated.C.Itexertsmuchmorepsychologicalpressureonthem.D.Itallowsthemlittletimetomakeinformeddecisions.45.Whyaresomepeopleopposedtoearlydecision？A.Itisbiasedagainststudentsatordinaryhighschools.B.Itinterfereswithstudents'learninginhighschool.C.Itcausesunnecessaryconfusionamongcollegeapplicants.D.Itplacesstudentsfromlower-incomefamiliesatadisadvantage.46.Whatdoestheauthoradvisecollegeapplicantstodo？A.Lookbeyondthefewsupposedlythrillingoptions.B.Findsufficientinformationabouttheirfavoriteschools.C.Avoidchoosingearlydecisionunlesstheyarefullprepared.D.Refrainfromcompetingwithstudentsfromprivilegedfamilies.【答案】43.C44.D45.D46.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述的是过早决定被哪所大学录取，一方面可以知道自己的未来学习环境，另一方面，学生的学习环境过早被限制了。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句话“itallowsadmissionscommitteestoselectthestudentsthatareinparticulardemandfortheircollegeandknowthosestudentswillcome.”（它允许招生委员会选择对学校有特殊需求的学生，并知道这些学生会来。）可知，这些学生一旦被录取，他们就会去上这所大学。故选C。【44题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句话“Theproblemisthatthisprocesseffectivelyshortensthewindowoftimestudentshavetomakeoneofthemostimportantdecisionsoftheirlivesuptothatpoint.”（问题在于，这一过程有效地缩短了学生在此之前必须做出一生中最重要决定的时间窗口。）可知，提前决定上哪所大学的问题是，学生们做选择的时间是有限的。故选D。【45题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段倒数第一句话“Inthisregard，there'sanargumentagainstearlydecision，asstudentsfromlower-incomefamiliesarefarlesslikelytohavetheadmissionsknow-howtonavigatetheoften-confusingearlydeadlines.”（在这方面，有一种观点反对提前决定，因为来自低收入家庭的学生不太可能掌握入学诀窍来应对经常令人困惑的提前截止日期。）可知，对于低收入家庭的学生来说，他们会对提前截止日期有所困惑，会对他们不利。故选D。【46题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句话“Studentswhohavedonetheirresearchandareconfidentthatthere'soneschooltheywouldbethrilledtogetintoshould，underthecurrentsystem，probablyapplyunderearlydecision.”（在目前的体制下，那些已经完成研究并确信有一所学校会让他们兴奋不已的学生应该在提前决定的情况下申请。）以及后面的内容可知，那些做好充分研究的学生可以提前申请，而那些还没有准备好的学生应该慎重提前选择学校。故选C。（2022年1月上海春季高考）Conservationistsgotowaroverwhetherhumansarethemeasureofnature'svalue.NewConservationistsarguesuchtrade-offsarenecessaryinthishumandominatedepoch.Andtheysupport“re-wilding",aconceptoriginallyproposedbySoulewherepeoplecurtaileconomicgrowthandwithdrawfromlandscapes,whichthenreturntonature.NewConservationistsbelievethewithdrawalcouldhappentogetherw