牛津版初中语文九上期末复习训练-教师版-专题10 阅读还原

2024-2025学年九年级上期期末考点大串讲（牛津版）专题10阅读还原【真题演练】阅读短文及文后选项，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Passage1（2024·海珠区期末统考）AThousandLiofRiversandMountainsisamilestone(里程碑)inthedevelopmentoflandscapepaintinginChinesearthistory.41Attheageoften,WangXimengstartedlearninglandscapepainting.HewassenttoserveEmperorHuizongoftheSongDynasty.EmperorHuizongbelievedWangwasverytalentedandtaughtWanghimselfalotofpaintingskills.Withtheemperor’shelp,soonhemaderapidprogress.42ItwassaidthatWangXimengcreatedOneThousandLiofRiversandMountainswhenhewasonly18yearsold.Itwasconsideredtobethefinestworkatthattime.43However,WangXimengdiedyoungaroundtheageof20.Whatagreatpity!44ThepaintingshowstheimportanceofagricultureandthecloserelationshipbetweenhumansandnatureinancientChina.Whenviewingthispainting,viewerscanfindalotoffinedetails.45Birds,paintedinalivelyway,lookliketheyareflying.ThisgreatworkofartnotonlypresentsthebeautyoftheChineselandscapebutalsoprovidesawindowintothepast.ItalsoshowstheartistandtheChinesepeople’swishesforagoodlifeandbrightfuture.A.ItallowsustoappreciatetherichhistoryandcultureduringtheSongDynastyofChina.B.Charactersareassmallasricegrainsbutyoucanstillseechildrenplayinghappilyonthegrass.C.ItistheworkofWangXimeng,oneofthemostfamousartistsoftheNorthernSongDynasty.D.ThenhewasofferedachancetovisitandpaintthefamousmountainsandgreatriversinChina.E.OneThousandLiofRiversandMountainsisarepresentativeofblueandgreenlandscapepainting.【答案】41.C42.D43.A44.E45.B【解析】本文主要介绍了中国艺术史上风景画发展的重要里程碑——王希孟的《千里江山图》。41.根据“AThousandLiofRiversandMountainsisamilestone(里程碑)inthedevelopmentoflandscapepaintinginChinesearthistory.”结合备选选项可知，此处可能进一步介绍《千里江山图》的信息，因此C项“这是北宋最著名的艺术家之一王希孟的作品。”符合语境。故选C。42.根据“HewassenttoserveEmperorHuizongoftheSongDynasty.EmperorHuizongbelievedWangwasverytalentedandtaughtWanghimselfalotofpaintingskills.Withtheemperor’shelp,soonhemaderapidprogress.”结合备选选项可知，此处应继续说王希孟画技见长有关的事情，因此D项“后来，他有机会去参观和画中国的名山大川。”符合语境。故选D。43.根据“ItwassaidthatWangXimengcreatedOneThousandLiofRiversandMountainswhenhewasonly18yearsold.Itwasconsideredtobethefinestworkatthattime.”结合备选选项可知，此处描述《千里江山图》的艺术价值，因此A项“它可以让我们欣赏到中国宋朝丰富的历史和文化。”符合语境。故选A。44.根据“ThepaintingshowstheimportanceofagricultureandthecloserelationshipbetweenhumansandnatureinancientChina.”结合备选选项可知，此处要再提及一次《千里江山图》的意义，因此E项“《千里江山图》是青绿山水画的代表作。”符合语境。故选E。45.根据“Whenviewingthispainting,viewerscanfindalotoffinedetails.”结合备选选项可知，此处应描述一些画中的细节，因此B项“人物像米粒一样小，但你仍然可以看到孩子们在草地上快乐地玩耍。”符合语境。故选B。Passage2（2024·黄浦区期末统考）“Idon’tlikemyparents.TheyalwaystellmeIshoulddothisandshouldnotdothat.Itsometimesmakesmeangry,”saidZhangHua,amiddleschoolstudentinGuangzhou.Perhapsyourparentshadthesamecomplaintswhentheywereyouragelongago.41Onepossiblereasoniswhenyourfatherormotherbecomesaparent,he/shelikesworryingaboutthings.42Theyworryaboutyourchoiceoffriends,thefoodyoueat,yourworkatschool,etc.43Withsuchhope,theywilldoeverythingtheycanforyou.44It’seasierthanyouthink.Justmakesureyourparentsknowwhatyou’redoing.Getthemtoknowyourfriends.Phonethemifyoustaysomewhereelselatesothatyourparentsdon’tcalleveryfriendinthephonebooklookingforyou.45Learntotakeresponsibilityformistakes.Talkaboutyourideaswiththem.Theymaytalkabouttheirswithyouinreturn.Trytounderstandyourparents.Theyarealsopracticingbeingparentsandneedhelpfromyou.Theymaymakemistakessometimes,buttheyarethepersonwholoveyoualways!A.Theywishyoutogrowuphealthilyandhappily.B.Whenyoumakemistakes,bebravetosaysorrytothem.C.Whydosomeparentsseemnotsofriendlyinchildren’seyes?D.Sowhatcanyoudotobetteryourrelationshipwithyourparents?E.Theyworryabouteverythingaboutyoufromthetimeyouwereborn.【答案】41.C42.E43.A44.D45.B【解析】本文关注的是亲子关系，孩子普遍抱怨父母管束太多，分析了问题形成的原因，给出了亲子沟通的建议。41.根据“Perhapsyourparentshadthesamecomplaintswhentheywereyouragelongago.”可知，也许你的父母在你这么大的时候也有同样的抱怨。此处提到亲子关系的问题一直都有，选项C“为什么有些父母在孩子眼中看起来不那么友好？”符合语境，故选C。42.根据“Onepossiblereasoniswhenyourfatherormotherbecomesaparent,he/shelikesworryingaboutthings.”可知，一个可能的原因是，当你的父亲或母亲成为父母，他/她喜欢担心的事情。此处提到父母担心，选项E“从你出生的那一刻起，他们就担心你的一切。”符合语境，故选E。43.根据“Withsuchhope,theywilldoeverythingtheycanforyou.”可知，此处提到父母对孩子的期待，选项A“他们希望你健康快乐地成长。”符合语境，故选A。44.根据“It’seasierthanyouthink.”和后文介绍可知，介绍一些改善父母关系的方法，选项D“那么你能做些什么来改善你和父母的关系呢？”符合语境，故选D。45.根据“Learntotakeresponsibilityformistakes.”可知，此处建议要学会为错误承担责任，选项B“当你犯了错误，要勇敢地说对不起。”符合语境，故选B。Passage3（2024·荔湾区统考）Whydowelovesugarsomuch?Manyscientistsbelieveourloveofsugarmayactuallybehardtostop.Whenweeatordrinksugaryfoods,thesugarentersourbloodandmakesusfeelgood.Thenthegoodfeelinggoesaway,leavinguswantingmore.Alltastyfoodsdothis,butsugarhasaverystrongeffect.41Doctorsrecommendweallcutdownonit.“EverytimeIstudyanillnessandtrytofindoutthefirstcause,Ifindmywaybacktosugar,”saysscientistRichardJohnson.One-thirdofadultsworldwidehavehighbloodpressure,andupto347millionhavediseases.42Ourbodiesaresuitabletoliveonverylittlesugar.Earlyhumansoftenhadverylittlefood,sotheirbodieslearnedtobeverygoodatstoringsugarasfat.43Buttoday,mostpeoplehavemorethanenough.Sothethingweneededbeforemaynowbekillingus.44Weneedtoeatlesssugar.Thetroubleis,intoday’sworld,it’sdifficulttoavoid.Frombreakfasttodinner,ourfoodsareincreasinglyfilledwithit.45Manyschoolsarereplacingsugarydessertswithfruit.Otherschoolsaregrowingtheirownfoodingardens,orencouragestudentstotakemoreexercise.A.Sowhatisthegoodwaytosolveit?B.Itisbelievedthatsugarisoneofthecauses.C.Buttherearethosewhoarefightingbackagainstsugar.D.Inthisway,itisinfactsomethingharmfultoourhealth.E.Inthisway,theyhadenergystoredforwhentherewasnofood.【答案】41.D42.B43.E44.A45.C【解析】本文主要介绍了人们为什么喜欢糖及糖对健康的影响。41.根据“Alltastyfoodsdothis,butsugarhasaverystrongeffect.”及“Doctorsrecommendweallcutdownonit.”可知，此处是说糖的害处，选项D“这样看来，它实际上是对我们健康有害的东西。”符合语境。故选D。42.根据“One-thirdofadultsworldwidehavehighbloodpressure,andupto347millionhavediseases.”可知，此处是介绍患高血压的原因，选项B“人们认为糖是其中一个原因。”符合语境。故选B。43.根据“Earlyhumansoftenhadverylittlefood,sotheirbodieslearnedtobeverygoodatstoringsugarasfat.”可知，说的是储存能量，选项E“通过这种方式，它们储存了能量，以备没有食物时使用。”符合语境。故选E。44.根据“Weneedtoeatlesssugar.”可知，此处说的是解决问题，选项A“那么有什么好办法解决呢？”符合语境。故选A。45.根据“Manyschoolsarereplacingsugarydessertswithfruit.Otherschoolsaregrowingtheirownfoodingardens,orencouragestudentstotakemoreexercise.”可知，是在介绍减少糖的摄入的方法，选项C“但也有一些人在抵制糖。”符合语境。故选C。Passage4（2024·江苏一模）RaisingPetsIsGoodforKids’GrowthBringingapetintoafamilywithsmallchildrenaroundisnotadecisiontomakeeasily.Manyparentsareworriedaboutthehealthandsafetyofthekidswithpetsaround.28MoreActiveKidswithpetslikedogsgooutsidemoreoftenfordailywalks,exerciseandhavemoreplaytimewiththem.Astudyshowsthatchildrenwithpetsaroundarelikelytomovemore.Otherstudiesfindsimilarresultswithdisabledchildrenandpetscanhelpthemtodealwiththecondition.MoreSenseofResponsibility29Expertsexplainedinanarticlehowkeepingapetintoafamilywithkidscanteachtheyoungresponsibility.Petsrequirefood,waterandlove.Takingcareofapetencourageschildrentolearnthevalueofresponsibility.MoreRelaxedStudiesshowthatkidswithpetsaremorerelaxed.Andtheyhavelessstressandhavelesstoworryabout.30BetterReadingAbilitiesKidswhogetpetsoftenreadtotheirpets.31Theyalsofindthatreadingtopetshelpschildrenmakebetterconnectionsbetweenthingsandimprovetheirreadingmotivation(动力).Itmeanschildrencandecidetodosomereadingontheirown.32Parentsshouldpracticesafetytipsforraisingkidsandpetstogether.Thispartnershipcanresultinchildrengrowingupmuchhealthierbothmentallyandphysically.A.Researchersfindtheirreadingimprovesclearly.B.However,theirworriesturnouttobereasonable.C.Kidsgrowingupwithpetscanbetaughtresponsibility.D.Playingwithpetscanmakekidscalmdownandhappy.E.Atthesametime,theirpetsareprobablygoodlisteners.F.However,therearemanyadvantagesforkidsgrowingupwiththem.G.Thismaybeespeciallyimportantforstudentswhohaveproblemsinreading.【答案】28.F29.C30.D31.A32.G【解析】本文主要写了养宠物对孩子的成长有好处。养宠物可以使孩子更活跃，更有责任感，更放松，以及提高阅读能力。同时，父母应该注意养育孩子和宠物的安全。28.根据上文“Manyparentsareworriedaboutthehealthandsafetyofthekidswithpetsaround.”和下文介绍养宠物的好处可知，此处应是一个过渡句，引出下文养宠物的好处，F项“然而，和他们一起长大的孩子有很多好处。”符合语境，故选F。29.根据上文“MoreSenseofResponsibility”可知，介绍和宠物在一起会更有责任感，C项“和宠物一起长大的孩子可以被教导责任感。”符合语境，故选C。30.根据上文“Studiesshowthatkidswithpetsaremorerelaxed.Andtheyhavelessstressandhavelesstoworryabout.”可知，介绍的是有宠物的孩子更放松，D项“和宠物一起玩可以让孩子们平静下来，快乐起来。”符合语境，故选D。31.根据上文“Kidswhogetpetsoftenreadtotheirpets.”可知，描述的是孩子给宠物读书，A项“研究人员发现他们的阅读能力明显提高。”符合语境，故选A。32.根据上文“Itmeanschildrencandecidetodosomereadingontheirown.”可知，介绍的是自主阅读的好处，G项“这对于有阅读障碍的学生来说尤其重要。”符合语境，故选G。Passage5（2024·山东泰安）Nowadays,moreandmoreyoungpeoplechoosetraditionalexercisewaystokeephealthy.Manytraditionalformsofqigong,suchasBaduanjin,TaiChi,Five-animalBoxing,havedrawnmuchmoreattentionthanbefore.26Recently,aninstructionvideoofBaduanjin,hasbeenplayedformorethan10milliontimesandreceivedover6000comments(评论)onBilibili,avideosharingplatform.27BaduanjinisoneoftheoldesthealthandfitnessformsinChina.28Thenamegenerallyreferstoeightmovements.Comparedwithmorephysically-demandingsportssuchastheballgames,swimmingorgymworkouts,29Soitusedtobeconsideredastheexclusive(专属)sportforoldpeople.Noequipment(装备)isnecessaryanditrequiresverylittlespaceortime.Itiseasyandconvenienttotakeup.Manyofficeworkersregarditaperfectwaytokeephealthy.Ayoungnetizen(网民)commentedbelowthevideo,“IhavebeendoingBaduanjinforaboutfourmonthsanditmakesmesleepbetterandgetstronger.ThankstoBaduanjin,ithasgivenmeahealthierlifestyle.”30ExpertssaythatpeopleshouldputsafetyfirstwhendoingBaduanjin.Andtheweakpatientsarenotadvisedtodotheexercise.A.Baduanjinisslowandusuallyalongwithsoftmusic.B.Butnotallpeoplearesuitableforpracticingit.C.Mostweretheyoungpeoplewhopaymuchattentiontohealthcare.D.Amongthem,Baduanjinseemsthemostpopular.E.Itwasfirstlycreated800yearsagoduringtheSongDynasty.【答案】26.D27.C28.E29.A30.B【解析】本文主要介绍了中国传统的锻炼方式——八段锦。26.根据“Manytraditionalformsofqigong,suchasBaduanjin,TaiChi,Five-animalBoxing,havedrawnmuchmoreattentionthanbefore.”可知此处介绍了许多传统的气功形式，如八段锦、太极、五禽拳。选项D“其中，八段锦似乎是最受欢迎的。”符合语境，故选D。27.根据“Recently,aninstructionvideoofBaduanjin,hasbeenplayedformorethan10milliontimesandreceivedover6000comments(评论)onBilibili,avideosharingplatform.”可知要讲观看这个视频及评论的群体，选项C“其中大多数是非常关注医疗保健的年轻人。”符合语境，故选C。28.根据“BaduanjinisoneoftheoldesthealthandfitnessformsinChina.”可知八段锦是中国最古老的健康和健身形式之一。选项E“它最早是在800年前的宋朝创造的。”符合语境，故选E。29.根据“Soitusedtobeconsideredastheexclusive(专属)sportforoldpeople.”可知此处应介绍八段锦的特性，很适合老年人，选项A“八段锦节奏缓慢，通常伴随着轻柔的音乐。”符合语境，故选A。30.根据“ExpertssaythatpeopleshouldputsafetyfirstwhendoingBaduanji.Andtheweakpatientsarenotadvisedtodotheexercise.”可知并非所有人都适合联系八段锦，选项B“但并不是所有的人都适合练习。”符合语境，故选B。Passage6（2024·山东济南一模）Asakid,itwaseasytofindbooksweloved.Butnowaswegrowolderandgetbusy,wedon’thavesomuchtimetolookforbooksandcan’tdecideonwhattoread.21Judgethebookbyitscover.22Butcoversarecarefullydesignedsothattheycantellyouwhat’sinthebook,whatkindofpersonit’sforandwhattoexpect.Sonexttimeifyou’reatabookstoreandaretryingtodecidewhichofthethreeorfourbookstobuy,youcanjusttrustthecover,pickwhatjumpsoutatyou.Choosenotwhatotherslikebutwhatyoulike.Peopletendtoreadwhatothersarereading,eventhoughit’snotanythingthattheywouldnormallywanttoread.23Unlessyouhavetheexactsametasteasthem,youmightnotagreethatthebookisgreat—anditmightbedifficultforyoutogetthroughit.Dropthebookifyoufindyourselfscrollingthrough(刷)Instagram.Youknowifyoudon’tlikesomething.Ifyou’refallingasleep,checkingyourphoneorrollingyoureyesasyou’rereadingthesentences,thatmightbeagoodsignthatyoudon’tlikewhatyou’rereading.Soputthisbookdown.2425Bookstoresgettodecideandstorewhattheythinkwillsellorwillbeinterestingtotheircommunity.Forthatreason,youcanlookandseewhat’sonthetablesatthefrontofthebookstoreorwhat’sfacingoutontheshelves,becausethereisusuallysomethingthat’snewandexcitingtotheworld.A.Storewhatlocalbookstoresareselling.B.Therearemanyotherbookssuitableforyoutoread.C.ScrollingthroughInstagrammightbeabetterchoice.D.Payattentiontowhat’sondisplayatyourlocalbookstore.E.Sometimesthebookyou’veenjoyedhasanembarrassingcoveryoudon’tlike.F.Butit’sbettertotrustwhatyoulike,insteadoftryingtoreadwhatyourfriendslike.G.Herearesometipsthatwillhelpyoudiscoverabookyou’llenjoyandwanttofinish.【答案】21.G22.E23.F24.B25.D【解析】本文就找到一本自己喜欢并想读完的书给出一些建议。21.根据下文“Judgethebookbyitscover.”、“Choosenotwhatotherslikebutwhatyoulike.”以及“Dropthebookifyoufindyourselfscrollingthrough(刷)Instagram.”可知，此处与给出建议有关，选项G“这里有一些建议，可以帮助你找到一本你会喜欢并想读完的书。”符合语境。故选G。22.根据“Judgethebookbyitscover.”以及空后的“Butcoversarecarefullydesignedsothattheycantellyouwhat’sinthebook,whatkindofpersonit’sforandwhattoexpect.”可知，此处与书的封面有关，选项E“有时候你喜欢的书有一个你不喜欢的尴尬封面。”符合语境。故选E。23.根据“Choosenotwhatotherslikebutwhatyoulike.”可知，此处与选择自己喜欢阅读的书籍有关，选项F“但最好相信你喜欢的东西，而不是试图读你的朋友喜欢的。”符合语境。故选F。24.根据上文“Ifyou’refallingasleep,checkingyourphoneorrollingyoureyesasyou’rereadingthesentences,thatmightbeagoodsignthatyoudon’tlikewhatyou’rereading.”可知，此处表示放下正在读的这本书，选择其他适合的书来读，选项B“还有许多其他的书适合你读。”符合语境。故选B。25.根据下文“Bookstoresgettodecideandstorewhattheythinkwillsellorwillbeinterestingtotheircommunity.Forthatreason,youcanlookandseewhat’sonthetablesatthefrontofthebookstoreorwhat’sfacingoutontheshelves,becausethereisusuallysomethingthat’snewandexcitingtotheworld.”可知，此处与书店里陈列的书籍有关，选项D“留意一下当地书店里陈列的东西。”符合语境。故选D。Passage7（2024·山东一模）Howdoyouusuallydecidewheretogoonvacation?Willyoudecidewheretotravelbecauseofthelocallandmarks(地标)?21Recently,anewwayoftravelling—“foodtourism”hasbecomepopular.“foodtourism”meansthatpeopletraveltonewplacestotrythelocalfood.22Forexample,youcantrystreetfood,visitfoodmarkets,oreatatlocalrestaurants.Anda2023surveyfromHelloFreshfoundthat74%ofAmericanswhohavetravelledinthelastfiveyearswentforthefood.ThetopfourcountriesthatAmericanssaidtheywanttovisitfortheirfoodareItaly,France,SpainandJapan.23A2022surveybyEurostarasked2,000peopleinBritainwhattheirmainreasonwasforchoosingwheretogoonvacation.61%ofpeoplesaid“thefood”and41%ofpeoplesaidtheywouldtravelhundredsofkilometerstofindtheperfectmeal.Somepeopleevenliketotakepartinthecookingthemselves.24ThesurveyalsofoundthatBritishpeopleliketotrynewanddifferentfoodswhentheyaretravelling.Nearlyhalfofpeoplebelievethattheyaremoreadventurous(大胆的)withwhattheyeatwhentheyareawayfromhome.25Anothersurveyfrom2023saidthatItaly,SpainandFrancearethetopthreeEuropeancountriesthatthey’dliketochoose.A.Youcantrythefoodindifferentways.B.Afterall,foodtourismisforeveryone.C.Ordoyouchoosewheretogoaccordingtothefood?D.Aboutthefood,theyhavetheirfavoritecountriestogoto.E.FoodisanimportantpartofvacationsforBritishpeople,too.F.Takingafoodtouristhemostdeliciouswaytolearnaboutaplace.G.46%ofpeoplesaidtheyhavetakenpartincookinglessonswhentravelling.【答案】21.C22.A23.E24.G25.D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“美食旅游”这种旅行方式。21.根据“Willyoudecidewheretotravelbecauseofthelocallandmarks?”和“Recently,anewwayoftravelling—‘foodtourism’hasbecomepopular.”可知，此处指因美食而选择旅行的目的地，C项“还是根据食物选择去哪里？”符合语境。故选C。22.根据“Forexample,youcantrystreetfood,visitfoodmarkets,oreatatlocalrestaurants.”可知，此处指用不同方式享受地方美食，A项“你可以用不同的方法品尝这些食物。”符合语境。故选A。23.根据“A2022surveybyEurostarasked2,000peopleinBritainwhattheirmainreasonwasforchoosingwheretogoonvacation.61%ofpeoplesaid‘thefood’and41%ofpeoplesaidtheywouldtravelhundredsofkilometerstofindtheperfectmeal.”可知，美食对英国人来说也是旅行中很重要的一部分，E项“对于英国人来说，食物也是假期的重要组成部分。”符合语境。故选E。24.根据“Somepeopleevenliketotakepartinthecookingthemselves.”可知，有些人喜欢自己烹饪美食，G项“46%的人表示他们在旅行时参加过烹饪课。”符合语境。故选G。25.根据“Anothersurveyfrom2023saidthatItaly,SpainandFrancearethetopthreeEuropeancountriesthatthey’dliketochoose.”可知，此处说的是人们喜欢去的美食国家，D项“关于食物，他们有自己最喜欢去的国家。”符合语境。故选DPassage8（2024·广实三模）Atasteoftheworld’scoolestfoodEverysummeraroundtheworld,peoplewaitinlinesoutsideicecreamshopsastheylookforatastywaytocoolthemselvesdownorcheerthemselvesup.41Nooneisreallysurewhoinventedicecream.42Inthe154centuryAD,theRomanemperorenjoyedicewithhoneyandnuts,althoughthiswasmorelikeafrozenmixtureofwater,sugarandfruitjuice.OneofthefirstexamplesoficemadewithmilkcandatebacktotheTangDynastyinChina.IcecreamarrivedinEuropeinthe16thcenturyandquicklybecamepopularinItalyandFrance.43IfyougotoGermany,youcanbuy“spaghetti”icecreamwhichlookslikenoodleswithstrawberrysauceandwhitechocolateonthetop.44Allthethingsarequicklymixedinandtheicecreamisdone.ThereisaspecialicecreamnamedMaotaiicecreaminChina.Itchoosesfreshmilkandaddwithabout2%of53℃FeitianMaotai.Icecreamisgettingmorepopularacrosstheworld.Customerswantnew,excitingtaste,andlotsofpeopleareturningtohealthiericecreamwithoutdairymilkandcream.45A.InThailand,i-tim-padismadebypouringmixtureontoafreezingplate.B.Nexttimeyoutasteicecream,you’reenjoyingfoodthatisthousandsofyearsold.C.Let’sfindoutthestorybehindthisdelicioustaste.D.However,therearerecordsofpeoplemakingicedfoodin200BCinChina.E.Nowadays,therearemorechoicesthaneveraroundtheworld.【答案】41.C42.D43.E44.A45.B【解析】本文主要讲述了冰激凌的发展历史、多样性及受欢迎程度。41.根据下文讲到冰激凌的发展历史、多样性及受欢迎程度可知，空格处应起到承上启下的作用，选项C“让我们来看看这美味背后的故事。”符合语境。故选C。42.根据下文“Inthe154centuryAD,theRomanemperorenjoyedicewithhoneyandnuts,althoughthiswasmorelikeafrozenmixtureofwater,sugarandfruitjuice.OneofthefirstexamplesoficemadewithmilkcandatebacktotheTangDynastyinChina.IcecreamarrivedinEuropeinthe16thcenturyandquicklybecamepopularinItalyandFrance.”可知，此段主要讲述冰激凌的发展历史，选项D“然而，早在公元前200年，中国就有制作冰食的记载。”符合语境。故选D。43.根据下文“IfyougotoGermany,youcanbuy‘spaghetti’icecreamwhichlookslikenoodleswithstrawberrysauceandwhitechocolateonthetop...ThereisaspecialicecreamnamedMaotaiicecreaminChina.Itchoosesfreshmilkandaddwithabout2%of53℃FeitianMaotai.”可知，此段主要讲述冰激凌的多样性，选项E“如今，世界各地的选择比以往任何时候都多。”符合语境。故选E。44.根据此段主要讲述各国特殊的冰激凌及下文“Allthethingsarequicklymixedinandtheicecreamisdone.”可知，选项A“在泰国，i-tim-pad是通过将混合物倒入冷冻板来制作的。”符合语境。故选A。45.根据前文讲到冰激凌的发展历史及“Icecreamisgettingmorepopularacrosstheworld.Customerswantnew,excitingtaste,andlotsofpeopleareturningtohealthiericecreamwithoutdairymilkandcream.”可知，空格处应是对文章作出总结，选项B“下次你吃冰淇淋的时候，你正在享受一种有几千年历史的食物。”符合语境。故选B。Passage9（2024·深圳龙华区第二实验学校）Manyofusweretoldfromanearlyagetolearnfromourmistakes.26Theshortansweris“yes”andfailure(失败)canteachussomething.Butlearningfromourmistakesisinfactveryhardbecausewedon’tliketofail.27Forexample,wemaygiveupajobeasily,tellingourselveswedon’tcarewhetherwesucceed,orfindingmistakeswiththejobitself.Thisisself-protection(自我保护),accordingtoaprofessorattheNorwegianSchoolofEconomics.Mostofuswanttothinkofourselvestobeexcellent,sofailuremaybebadforourself-image(自我形象).Luckily,therearestudiestosuggestthattherearesomemethodsofhelpingusdealwiththebadfeelingsaroundfailure.28Insteadofasking“WhydidIfail?”,wecouldask“WhydidSamfail?”,forexample.Manystudiesshowthatusingathird-personperspectivehelpstoreduceourbadfeelings.Itallowsustolookatfailuremorepositively.Thesecondmethodistoofferadvicetootherswhomaybeinthesamesituation.29Bothadultsandchildrenwereaskedtogiveadvicebasedontheirownfailures.Professorsfoundthathelpingotherscouldhelppeopleunderstandtheirexperienceandwhattheyhadlearned.30Butitnowseemsthatweshouldbesaying,“Failagain.Failmorewisely.”Failurecan’tbeavoidedinlife.However,wemayfindtheroadtosuccesseasilybylearning.A.Butisthisactuallytrue?B.Afamouswriteroncesaid,“Failagain.Failbetter.”C.Whyisitsoimportantforustolearnfrommistakes?D.Oneofthemistouseathird-personperspective(视角).E.Thismethodledtobetterlevelsofsuccessinthetestgroups.F.Itdoesn’tfeelgood,sowerespondtofailureinemotional(情绪化的)ways.【答案】26.A27.F28.D29.E30.B【解析】本文主要讲述要从错误中吸取教训以及可以帮助我们应对失败带来的不良情绪的一些方法。26.根据下文“Theshortansweris‘yes’”可知，此处为一般疑问句，选项A“但这真地是真的吗？”符合语境。故选A。27.根据上文“Butlearningfromourmistakesisinfactveryhardbecausewedon’tliketofail.”及下文“Forexample,wemaygiveupajobeasily,tellingourselveswedon’tcarewhetherwesucceed,orfindingmistakeswiththejobitself.”可知，我们以情绪化的方式应对失败，选项F“这感觉不好，所以我们以情绪化的方式应对失败。”符合语境。故选F。28.根据下文“Manystudiesshowthatusingathird-personperspectivehelpstoreduceourbadfeelings.Itallowsustolookatfailuremorepositively.”可知，此处与第三人称视角有关，选项D“其中之一是使用第三人称视角。”符合语境。故选D。29.根据上文“Thesecondmethodistoofferadvicetootherswhomaybeinthesamesituation.”可知，此处与向可能处于相同情况的其他人提供建议这种方法有关，选项E“这种方法在测试组中取得了更好的成功。”符合语境。故选E。30.根据下文“Butitnowseemsthatweshouldbesaying,‘Failagain.Failmorewisely.’”并结合选项可知，此处指再失败一次，更好地失败，选项B“一位著名作家曾说过：‘再失败。更好地失败。’”符合语境。故选B。Passage10（2024·龙岗区期末）Teachersareoftenconsideredtobeengineersofthehumansoul.26Butthere’sonepersoninChinawhoiscalledthe“teacherofteachers”.HeisChineseeducatorTaoXingzhi.Lastyearmarkedthe130anniversaryofhisbirth.PeopleindifferentpartsofChinacommemorated(纪念)Taobyvisitinghismemorialhallsorholdingmeetingstoreflectonhisthoughtsoneducation.BorninAnhuiprovince,China,1891,TaostudiedatColumbiaUniversity,US,in1914.27.ButwhenTaoreturnedtoChinain1917andbeganhisowncareerasaneducator,hedidnotblindlycopyDewey’seducationmethodortheories.ForTao,educationisanactiveprocessinreal-lifeexperiencesratherthanoneoftellingandbeingtold.Heproposed(提出)“unity(融合)ofteaching,learning,andreflectiveacting”.28AfterconductingsurveysinBeijing,TianjinandShanghaiin1921,Taowassurprisedtolearnthattherateofurbanilliteracy(文盲)inChinawentbeyond70percent.29Todealwiththelackofteachersandmoney,in1927,TaosetupXiaozhuangNormalcollage(晓庄师范学院)inthenorthernsuburbsofNanjingtotrainteachersandeducators,mostofwhombecameteachersatruralschools.30HesetupYucaiMiddleSchoolinthesuburbsofChongqingandofferedfreeeducationtorefugee(避难)childrenaftertheJapaneseinvasionofChinabeganin1937.MaybeTao’smottoisthebestexplanationforhislife,“Givingawholeheart,yettakingnothinginreturn,notevenaleafofgrass.”A.TherehestudiededucationalphilosophyundertheguidanceofJohnDewey,anAmericanphilosopherandeducationalreformer(改革家).B.Evenduringtheanti-Japanesewar,Taoneverforgothisambition.C.Tosolvetheproblem,Taoorganizedyoungworkersandfarmerstostudywhileworking.D.Theyaretaskedwiththemissiontospreadknowledgeideasandtruth.E.Onthevoyage(航行)oflife,hekindledthelightofhopeforeveryone.F.Apartfromreformingeducationmethods,Taoalsotriedhisbesttopromotemasseducation(大众教育).【答案】26.D27.A28.F29.C30.B【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了教育家陶行知。26.根据“Teachersareoftenconsideredtobeengineersofthehumansoul.”可知，教师常被认为是人类灵魂的工程师，此处应该进一步解释，选项D“他们肩负着传播知识、思想和真理的使命”符合语境，故选D。27.根据“TaostudiedatColumbiaUniversity,US,in1914”可知，陶行知于1914年就读于美国哥伦比亚大学，选项A“在那里，他在美国哲学家、教育改革家杜威的指导下学习教育哲学”符合语境，故选A。28.上文是对陶行知教学理念的解释，这里对他的理念的补充，下文提到他推进全民教育，创立晓庄师范学院等，选项F“除了改革教育方法，陶行知还努力推动大众教育”符合语境，故选F。29.根据“AfterconductingsurveysinBeijing,TianjinandShanghaiin1921,Taowassurprisedtolearnthattherateofurbanilliteracy(文盲)inChinawentbeyond70percent.”可知，陶行知惊讶地发现中国城市的文盲率超过了70%，选项C“为了解决这个问题，陶行知组织年轻工人和农民一边工作一边学习”符合语境，故选C。30.根据“HesetupYucaiMiddleSchoolinthesuburbsofChongqingandofferedfreeeducationtorefugee(避难)childrenaftertheJapaneseinvasionofChinabeganin1937.”可知，1937年日本侵华战争开始后，他在重庆郊区创办了育才中学，为难民儿童提供免费教育。选项B“即使在抗日战争期间，陶行知也从未忘记自己的雄心壮志”符合语境，故选B。Passage11（2024·龙岗区）Everyoneisbornwiththeabilitytolearn.Butwhetherornotyoucandothiswelldependsonyourlearninghabits.26Createaninterestinwhattheylearn.Studiesshowthatifyouareinterestedinsomething,yourbrainismoreactive.27Goodlearnersoftenconnectwhattheyneedtolearnwithsomethingtheyareinterestedin.Forexample,iftheyneedtol