写作教程第2版课件u4

EnglishWritingII2021/6/271Unit4Customs

Thefocusinthisunitisonthefeaturesandorganizationalpatternsofprocessandtheuseofrelevantlinkingdevicesinwritingsofprocessanalysis.Attheendoftheunityouareexpectedtobeabletousetechniquesofprocessdescriptioninparagraphwriting.2021/6/272PartIWarm-upActivitiesLookatthepicturesonpage34,anddescribehowcookiesaremade.newwordsforreference:原料：ingredients擀（面）：roll面团：paste蛋黄：eggyolks烤箱：oven烤：bake2021/6/273Referencetotheprocessdescription:1.Blendalltheingredients.2.Rollthepasteintoroundcookies.3.Brushthepastewitheggyolks.4.Thenputitintheoventobake.2021/6/274PartIIProcessAnalysis

Processwritingorganizesitsideasaccordingtothestepsoftheprocess.Theproceduresorstepshavetobearrangedastheyreasonablyorobjectively(notrandomly)occur.Thepurposeofprocessdescriptionisusuallytoinform,teach,orgiveideastothereaderabouthowsomethingnew(orinterestingorconventional)happensorinwhatwayitcanbecompleted.2021/6/275OrganizationalStructureReadsample1&2,finishtheirfollowingtables,andsummarizethefeaturesastheyshowintheparagraphs.Sample1Questions:1.Whatisthetopicoftheparagraph?Thisparagraphoffersarecipeofmakingchocolatechipcookies.2021/6/276CompletethetableaccordingtothestepsinSample1:Step1Getreadyflour,water,sugar,salt,eggs,andchocolate.Step2Mixflourandbakingsodatogetherwithwater.Step3Addsaltandputbutterandsugartogetherinaseparatebowl.Step4Addtwoeggstothismixture.2021/6/277Step5MixinchocolatechipsandnutsaftercombiningalltheingredientsStep6Placethelittlecookiesformedfromthemixtureontoacookiesheet.Step7Bakeallthesepiecesfor8minutesat375degreesFahrenheit.Step8(result)Herearethechocolatechipcookiesthatcanbeservedforafternoontea.2021/6/278Summarizethepatternofprocessdescriptionintheparagraph.WehaveobservedthatthesampleparagraphexplainsordescribesthesuccessivestepsofmakingsomecookiesforafternoonteainBritain.Thispatternoforganizationiscalledprocesswriting.Inthispattern,youmayillustratetheprocessofdoingsomethingindetailfrombeginningtoend.Andthedescriptionofthesedetailshastofollowtheorderoftheactualsteps.2021/6/279Sample2Questions1.Whatisdiscussedinthetext?ThisparagraphtellsusaboutthefamousbullfightinSpain.2021/6/2710Nowdiscussingroupstheorganizationoftheparagraphandthenfillinthetablebelow:Whatarethestepsinvolvedintheperformance?Step1Performersareseenwalkingacrosstheringtothemusic(audiencewaitingforthefirstbulltoruninfromthatsmallwoodendoor).Step2Variousperformancesstart(bytheassistantbullfighters,thehorse-riders,thosetothrowsticks,andthefinalbullfighter).2021/6/2711Step3Thefightingbullsfinallygetkilled.Step4Thebullfighterreceivesapplauseandawards,orabuse,cushionsorotherthings.Step5Theringplaceiscleanedup.2021/6/2712Summarizethepatternthesampleparagraphsfollow:YoumayhavenoticedmanysimilaritiesaswellassomeslightdifferencesbetweentheorganizationalpatternsofSample1andSample2.Onthewhole,Sample2followsasimilarpatternoforganizationtoSample1inthewayitdescribestheprocessfrombeginningtoend.2021/6/2713

Insuchapattern,thewritermayconvenientlystructurehisparagraphbythestepsastheyactuallyhappen,whileeffectivenessisalsoachieved.Withinthisframework,transitionaldevicesareoftenusedtoensureasmoothflowfromonesteptothenext.2021/6/2714(differences)

However,Sample2isnotascompletelyadescriptionofaprocessasSample1inthatsentencesofexplanationorclassificationareaddedhereandtheretofurtherclarifytheprocedure.Thisis,infact,moretypicalofprocesswriting.2021/6/2715LinkingDevicesReadthefollowingtwoparagraphsandanswerthequestions:1.Whattopicsdotheparagraphsmainlydealwith?Bothparagraphsdealwithasimilartopic:buyingChristmascards.2.Whichparagraphiseasiertounderstand?ParagraphBiseasiertounderstand.2021/6/27163.Whatmakesthisparticularparagrapheasiertounderstand?Ithascertainwordsandphrasesthathelpclarifytherelationshipbetweenstepsofthebuyingprocess.2021/6/27174.WhatpatternoforganizationcanbeidentifiedinParagraphB?ThisparagraphcombinesthecharacteristicsofSamples1and2intermsoforganization.Itnotonlystartsfromthepreliminarystagetotheendoftheprocess,butalsocontainssomesentenceswhichprovidesupplementarycommentsorexplanationswherenecessary.2021/6/2718NowworkingroupsandfindoutthosewordsandphrasesthatindicatetheorderofproceduresinparagraphB.TheprocessofbuyingcardsWhenever…begintofirstthen…startdoingsomeotherfinallyInthisway…butanyhow2021/6/2719Canyouthinkofanyotherexpressionindicatingprocessanalysis?whenever…begintodo/startdoing…atthebeginningof…first…then…finally…afterwardsthencomes……someother…2021/6/2720after/beforethis…inadvancenow…whenallthisisdonesignaltheendof2021/6/2721UnitSummary

Inthisunitwehavediscussedtwotypesofprocesswriting:exclusivedescriptionoftheproceduresinaprocessanddescriptionwithsupplementaryexplanations.Theexclusiveprocessdescriptionallowsthewritertocoverallthestepsorproceduresfrombeginningtoend,whereasthesecondtyperequiresthewritertoclarifycertainstepswithadditionalstatement