新教材2025版高中英语Unit5RevealingnatureSectionⅡUsinglanguage学案外研版选择性必修第一册

SectionⅡUsinglanguage1.blamev．指责，指责；把……归咎于n．责任(教材原句)TheextinctionofthePintaIslandtortoiseisblamedonhumans.平塔岛龟的灭亡应归咎于人类。❶Don'tblameme—it'snotmyfault.别怪我——又不是我的错。❷Theotherdriverblamedmefortheaccident.＝Theotherdriverblamedtheaccidentonme.另一个司机把事故归咎于我。❸Johnistoblamefortheaccident.约翰应对这次事故负责。❹Thecompanywasreadytotaketheblameforwhathadhappened.公司准备对已发生的事情担当责任。[归纳探究]blamesb./sth.forsth.＝blamesth.onsb./sth.把某事归咎于某人/某物blamesb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而责怪某人take/accepttheblame(forsth.)担当(某事的)责任put/lay/placetheblameonsb.把责任归咎于某人theblamelieswithsb.责任在于某人[巧学助记]Hewasblamedfortheseriousmistake,butheblameditonothers.Infact,itishe,notothers,thatistoblameforit．他因这个严峻错误受到了责怪，但他把它归咎于别人。事实上，是他，而不是别人，对此负有责任。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Somepeopleblamethesmartphone________thetragedy,yetinfactpeople'sweakeningself-controlandself-disciplineare________(blame)．②________(blame)forthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork,Alicewasinlowspirits.③Oneofthecomputersisbrokenandshe'sblamingit________me.④Noonewaspreparedtotaketheblame________thedisaster.2.declinev．削减，降低；拒绝；谢绝n．削减，下降，衰落(教材原句)Aftergoatsinparticularhadbeenbroughttotheisland,thePintaIslandtortoisepopulationdeclined.特殊是山羊被带到岛上之后，平塔岛龟的数量下降了。❶Accordingtothestatistics,thesalesofhousesdeclinedby20%.据统计，房屋销售量下降了20%。❷Thissectionofthemarkethasslowlydeclinedinimportance.这部分市场的重要性已渐渐下降。❸Hedeclinedtotakeonthetaskassignedtohim.他拒绝接受安排给他的任务。❹Therewasadeclineintrafficaccidentsinthecitylastyear.去年这个城市的交通事故有所削减。❺Thenumberofpeacocksinthisregionisonthedecline.这个地区的孔雀数量在削减。[归纳探究]declineby...削减了……(比较：declineto...削减到……)declinein...在……方面降低declinetodosth.拒绝做某事adeclinein...在……方面的下降indecline/onthedecline在下降fall/gointodecline起先衰落[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Therehasbeenadecline________thesizeoffamilies.②Carsaleshavedeclined________aquarter.③There'sawidely-heldbeliefthateducationalstandardsare________thedecline.④Afterthewar,thecitydeclined________importance.⑤Whydoyoualwaysdecline________(tell)mewhereyoulive?⑥Iinvitedhimtothemeetingbuthe________(decline)．⑦Mary________________(谢绝了我的邀请)todinner.⑧Heisstilloneoftheworld'smostpopulargolfers,buthisgameis________________(在走下坡路)．3.beharmfulto对……有害(教材原句)Bacteriaarealwaysharmfultohumans.细菌总是对人类有害。❶Suchchemicalabsorbedbyplantscanbeharmfultohumansandanimals.这种被植物汲取的化学物质可能对人和动物有害。❷Ifyoudon'twarmupproperly,exercisemaydomoreharmthangood.你假如不做适当的热身运动，熬炼有可能弊大于利。❸Hemaysaynot,butthere'snoharminasking.他可能拒绝，但问一问也无妨。❹Hemeantnoharmwhenhesaidthat.他那样说并没有恶意。[归纳探究]doharmtosb./sth.＝dosb./sth.harm对某人/某物有害causesb./sth.harm对某人/某物造成损害sufferharm受到损害domoreharmthangood弊大于利thereisnoharmindoingsth.不妨做某事，做某事没有坏处meannoharm/notmeananyharm无意损害，没有恶意[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Trytoreducetheuseofchemicalsthatare________(harm)totheenvironment.②Modernfarmingmethodshavedoneconsiderableharm________thecountryside.③Itisaparent'sresponsibilitytoensurethattheirchildren____________(不受任何损害)．④Itwouldn't______________(对你有任何损害)togetsomeexperiencefirst.4.(教材原句)However,diversityonourplanetissuch,thattherearestillmillionsofspeciesonEarthremainingtobediscovered.然而，我们星球上的多样性是如此之大，地球上还有数百万物种有待发觉。[句式解构]如此……以至于……这是一个常见的句型。besuchthat和such...that都意为“如此……以至于……”，两种结构中的that从句都是结果状语从句。本句中such＝somuch。❶Herexcitementwassuchthatshecouldhardlycontainherself.她激烈得几乎限制不住自己。❷Heissuchahelpfulpersonthatweareallappreciativeofhim.他是如此乐于助人，我们都很感谢他。[巧学助记]当such位于句首时，该句型的意义并未发生改变。Suchwashisstrengththathecouldliftthebigstone.他的力气大得能把这块大石头举起来。[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Theperformancewas________thattheaudienceweredeeplymoved.②It's________aninterestingfolktalethateverybodylikesit.③________________________(他反应如此灵敏)thatnoonecanmatchhim.④________________________(灾难如此严峻)thelocalauthoritieswerequiteunabletocopewithit.熟登记列重要学问点①ofalltime有史以来②answerthecall响应号召③beregardedas被认为是④besimilarto与……相像⑤behometo是……的家园/栖息地/产地⑥benativeto源于……的，原产于……⑦consistof＝bemadeupof由……组成⑧carryout执行，实行⑨sofar到目前为止⑩bycontrast相比之下过去完成时一、语法现象感知①TheyhadgoteverythingreadybeforeIcame.②Shehadhardlygonetobedwhenthebellrang.③Ihadintendedtocallonyouyesterday,butsomeonecametoseemejustwhenIwasabouttoleave.④Itwasthefirsttimethathehadlostthegame.⑤IfIhadfollowedyouradvice,Iwouldbebetternow.二、语法规则理解1．由句①可知，过去完成时表示在过去某个动作或某个详细时间________已经发生、完成的动作或状况。2．由句②可知，过去完成时常与________，scarcely,barely,nosooner...than等副词连用。3．由句③可知，intend,mean,hope,want,plan,think等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示一个________。4．由句④可知，在句型________________________中，常用过去完成时。5．由句⑤可知，过去完成时还可用在与________相反的虚拟从句中。微点拨过去完成时的基本用法表示“过去的过去”，所以句中必需有一个过去的时间点或从上下文中能找出一个过去的时间，以它为参照，发生在它之前的动作用过去完成时；假如句中或上下文中找不出这样的时间点，就不要用过去完成时。过去完成时一、构成：had＋过去分词二、功能1．表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可以通过上下文来表示。Bynineo'clocklastnight,wehadgot200picturesfromthespaceship.到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200张飞船发来的图片。2．表示从过去的某一时刻起先，始终持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for,since构成的时间状语连用。❶Ihadbeenatthebusstopfor20minuteswhenabusfinallycame.当公共汽车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。❷Hesaidhehadworkedinthatfactorysince1949.他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。3．过去完成时经常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。❶Hesaidthathehadknownherwell.他说他很熟识她。❷IthoughtIhadsenttheletteraweekbefore.我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。4．状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。如：when,before,after,assoonas,till/until引导的复合句。❶WhenIwokeup,ithadalreadystoppedraining.我醒来时雨已停了。❷Shedidn'tgotobeduntilshehadfinishedherwork.她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。微点拨假如两个动作紧接着发生，则经常不用过去完成时，特殊是在包含before和after的复合句中，因为从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后依次已经特别明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。AfterhearrivedinEngland,MarxworkedhardtoimprovehisEnglish.马克思到达英国之后，努力提高他的英语水平。5．动词think,want,hope,mean,plan,intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、准备或意图等。❶Theyhadwantedtohelpbutcouldnotgetthereintime.他们原来准备去帮忙，但没有刚好赶到那里。❷Wehadhopedtobeabletocomeandseeyou.我们原来希望能来看看你。6．过去完成时还可用在hardly...when...,nosooner...than...,Itwasthefirst(second,etc.)time(that)．..等固定句型中。❶Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.他刚到就又走了。❷Itwasthethirdtimethathehadbeenoutofworkthatyear.这是他那一年第三次失业了。7．表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气if从句中，常用过去完成时。Ifwehadn'tmadeadequatepreparations,theconferencewouldn'thavebeensosuccessful.假如我们没有做充分准备的话，会议是不会开得这么胜利的。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．WeofferedtogiveSharonaridehome,butshe________(decline),sayingthatshefeltlikewalking.2．Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene________(declare)shehadnoplanstoretirefromher36-year-oldbusiness.3．Somesocialappcompanieswere________(blame)becausetheydidn'tadequatelychecktheirusers'registration.4．It'stheseasidebirdsthatdeserveatleastpartoftheblame________gettingNickBurchillblacklistedattheFairmontEmpressHotelinVictoria,Canada.5．Hiseffortshaveresultedin1，360acresofnaturally-grownlandthathasbecomehome________manyplantsandanimals.6．Astheeconomywas________decline,somepeopleinthetownhadlosttheirjobs.Ⅱ.用括号内词的适当形式填空1．SheaskedmewhetherI________(return)thebookstothelibrary,andIadmittedthatIhadn't.2．Researcherswerepuzzledovertheresults,whichwerecompletelyoppositetowhatthey________(expect)．3．JustasIgottotheschoolgate,IrealizedI________(leave)mybookinthecafe.4．—Didyouenjoytheparty?—Yes.We________(treat)wellbyourhosts.5．IwishI________(be)atmysister'sweddinglastTuesday,butIwasonabusinesstripinNewYorkthen.6．Emmawasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachinewhichshe________(repair)wentwrongagain.7．BythetimeIgottoschool,thefirstplay__