2024年中考英语二轮复习被动语态讲义

被动语态许多由不及物动词和介词、副词等构成的短语动词相当于

考点一：被动语态的基本结构和用法及物动词，可以有宾语，也可以有被动语态。但是，短语

被动语态的基本结构动词是•个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢

被动语态的基本结构：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词掠构成短语动词的介词或副词。

二.被动语态的用法Theypuloffthemeetingbecauseoftheweather.

在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者，主要用于下列几种—>Themeetingwasputoffbecauseofweather.

情况：五.主动语态中后加省略t。的不定式的“四看”(look,

1.不知道动作的执行者时。watch,see,notice)"三让"(let,make,have)“二听"

ThiswatchismadeinChina.(listento,hear)”一感觉"(feel),变为被动句时,应加

2.没有必要指出动作的执行者时。上不定式符号tOo

Moretreesmustbeplantedeveryyear.如：Isawaheavymanenterthehouse.

3.需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。—Aheavymanwasseentoenterthehousebyme.

Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.Hemakesthegirlstayathome.

考点二：主动语态和被动语态的转换—>Thegirlismadetostayathomebyhim.

一.“主语+谓语+宾语”句型变为被动语态练习一：将下列句子变成被动语态。

I.先将主动句里的宾语变成被动句中的主语，若主动句I.Wecleantheclassroomafterschooleveryday.

中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变为主格。

然后把主动句中的主语变成被动句中的宾语，主格代词变2.Canyoumakethiswatchwork?

成宾格代词，并由by引出。

最后将主动句中的谓语动词变成相应的被动形式c3.Hepassedmeabookjustnow.

主动语态：动作执行者+谓语动词主动形式+就作承受者①________________________________________________________________________

被动语态:动作承受者+诺过上史更作执行②________________________________________________________________________

者4.Theoldmangaveusmuchhelp.

WeaskedhimtosinganEnglishsong.®________________________________________________________________________

—>HcwasaskedtosinganEnglishsongbyus.②________________________________________________________________________

二.“主语+谓语+双宾语”(sb.Sth.)句型变为被动语态5.OurteachertaughtusEnglishsongs.

通常把指“人”的间接宾语变为主语，指“物”的直接宾①________________________________________________

语保留不变；如果把指“物”的直接宾语变为主语，则在②________________________________________________________________________

间接宾语前加I。或for。K在间接宾语前加“to”,这类动6.Jackwateredtheflowersyesterday.

词有：give,offer,lend,pass,promise,tell等；在间接宾语

前加“for”,这类动词有：buy,cook,get,make等D7.Weoftenseehimplaybasketballontheplaygroundafter

Shegavemeabook.school.

—►Iwasgivenabookbyher.(间接宾语改为主语)

—Abookwasgiventomebyher.(直接宾语改为主语)8.Wetookgoodcareofthesickdog.

注意：并非所有的间接宾语都可作为被动句的主语

ShewroteMissGreenaletter.练习二：将下列句子变成主动语态。

—►AletterwaswrittentoMissGreenbyher.(7)1.Theticketwasfoundonthefloorbyus.

—>MissGreenwaswrittenaletterbyher.(x)

三.“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”句型变为被动语态Theactorwaslovedbytheyoungpeople.

宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。变被动语态时，

只把宾语变为被动句的主语飞宾语补足港保留在原处，成Theclothesaren'twashedbyher.

为宾语补足语。

Wesawhimout.Whatwasfoundbythem?

—>Hewasseenout.

Shehaskeptuswaitingforanhour.Iwasmadetogotherealonebymyfather.

—Wehavebeenkeptwaitingfbranhour.

IheardJaneplayingthepianoinherroom.考点三：主要时态的被动语态

—►Janewasheardplayingthepianoinherroom.时主动语态被动语态例句

四.短语动词变为被动语态

态主动语态被动语态练习三：将下列句子变为被动语态。

I.Wecanfinishtheworkintwodays.

The

般Weclean

am/is/arcclassroom

现dodoesthe2.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.

+doneiscleaned

在classroom.

byus.

时3.1havegiventhisbooktothelibrary.

般Thekite4.Theyuseknivesforcuttingthings.

was/wereHemade

过didwasmade

+donethekite.

去byhim.5.Jameshasleftaparcelforyou.

时

6.Wccleanedtheclassroomyesterday.

will/shall/Treeswill

般will/shall/beTheywill

begoingbeplanted

将goingto+planttrees7.Shei$preparingdinnerrightnow.

to+bebythem

来dotonionow.

donetomorrow.

时8.TheywerediscussingtheissuewhenIarrived.

现The

Sheis

在am/is/areflowersare9.TheyhadalreadyeatenallthepizzabythetimeIarnved.

am/is/arewatering

进+beingbeing

+doingthe

行donewateredby练习四：用适当时态和语态的动词填空。

flowers.

时her.1.Canhe___________(speak)English?

现2.Whatlanguage____________(speak)inthatcountry?

Thework

在have/hasJimhas3.Thefilm__________(show)manytimessincelastSunday.

士have/has+hasbeen

兀+beenfinished4.TheseTVsets___________(make)inSichuan.

donefinishedby

成donethework.5.Ithasgotsodark.Wouldyouplease____________(turn)on

Jim.

时thelight9

Aletter6.Anewhospital___________(build)inthisareanow.

过Shewas

wasbeing7.Thewindow____________(notbreak)bytheboy.

去was/wcrcwritinga8.English__________

was/wcrcwrittenby_(speak)inmanycouniries.

进+beingletterthis

+doingherthis9.Justafewyearsago,tomatoes(believe)tohave

行donetime

timemagicalpowers,makingpeoplewhoatetliemfallinlove.

时yesterday.

yesterday.10.Itissaidnewcopiesofthebook(print)now.

11.Theoldhouse(pull)downnextmonth.

过JimhadThework

12.Intheolddays,thechildren(lookafter)bythe

去had+finishedhadbeen

motherbecauseshedidnotworkoutsidethehouse.

完had+donebeentheworkfinishedby

13.Theteachersaidthatwe(give)anotherchance

成donebylastJimbylast

时week.week.sometimenextmonthifwcfailedintheexam.

练习五：根据汉语提示完成句子。

wouldbe

过1.运动会将于十一月举行。

doneHesaidheHesaida

去①woulddoThesportsmeeting_inNovember.

was/werewouldkitewould

将@was/were2.昨天下午在学校礼堂举行了一场有关美国文化的讲座。

goingtomakeabemade

来goingtodoAlectureonAmericancultureintheschool

bedonekite.byhim.

时hallyesterdayafternoon.

3.除非他被邀请，否则我是不会去那里的。

注意：主动语态中含有情态动词时，其被动语态结构为:

Iwon'tgothereunlesshe.

主语+情态动词+bedone,(can/may/must/should+be+

练习六：单选。

done)

I.Thenewproductbyourteamnextweek.

Icanfindhim.

A.willbelaunchedB.launches

Hecanbefoundbyme.

C.islaunchingD.hasbeenlaunched

2.Theletter__________tothewrongaddressyesterday.Theseclotheswasheasily.

A.sendsB.wassentMypenwritessmoothly.

C.hassentD.willsend二.44wai)t/need/iequiie十doing”相当T^want/need/requiie

3.Thecake__________bymymotherlastmonth.+tobedone”。

A.wasbakedB.bakesMybikeneedsrepairing=Mybikeneedstoberepaired.

C.hasbakedD.willbebakingYourhairneedscutting.

4.Theconcert_at7pmtomonow.Theplantwantswateringeveryday.

A.willbeheldB.holdsThisproblemrequiresdiscussingindetail.

C.isholdingD.hasheld三."bcworth+动名词”结构表被动含义。

5.Therules__________beforethegamestarts.Themovieisworthwatching.

A.willbeexplainedB.explainsThebookisworthreadingagain.

C.arcexplainingD.haveexplained四.感官动词作如feel,smell,sound,taste,look等作为系

6.Thcapplication________bytheHRdepartmenttonight.动词时，常表示被动含义。

A.hadreviewedB.reviewsSilkfeelssoftandsmooth.

C.willbereviewedD.hasreviewedTheseapplessmelldelicious.

7.Thecake____________bymysisterforthepartytonight.Yourideasoundsgreat.

A.willbemadeB.makesThecaketastesgood.

C.ismakingD.hasmadeItlooksnice.

8.Thebook_bymanypeoplebeforebeing五.某些表示“发生(happen,takeplace,occur)"、"爆发

published.(breakout,burstout)v或"传播”的不及物动词台

A.willbereadB.readsAwarbrokeoutinthiscountrylastweek.

C.isreadingD.hasbeenreadAnaccidenthappenedatthefirstcrossingonthisstreet.

9.Themeeting___________bytheCEO.ThemeetingwilltakeplaceonthemorningofFriday.

A.willbechairedB.chairs练习七：根据汉语提示完成句子。

C.ischairingD.haschaired①这裤子卖得好。Thiskindofpants______well.

10.Thecar___________lastweek.②那个故事听起来有趣»Thatstory________interesting.

A.wasstolenB.steals③这本书值得读。Thisbookisworth________.

C.hasstolenD.willsteal④我的手表需要修理。Mywatchneeds________/________

11.Thereport________inthenextfewdays.______________•

A.willbereleasedB.releases考点五：无被动语态

C.isreleasingD.hasreleased系动词、不及物或某些短语(h叩pen,takeplace,etrue,

12.Thejoboffer___bytheendoftheweek.consistof,belong)没有被动语态。

A.willbemadeB.makes1.一AreyougoingtoCindy'sbirthdaypartytomorrow?

C.ismakingD.hasmade—I'mnotsure.IwillgowithyouifI_______.

13.Thedishes___________bytherestaurant'schef.A.willinviteB.invite

A.willbecookedB.cooksC.willbeinvitedD.aminvited

C.iscookingD.hascooked2.Becauseit______everyday,thefloorisveryclean.

14.Theproblem__________tobesolvedassoonasA.cleanedB.willclean

possible.C.wascleanedD.iscleaned

A.needsB.needed3.-Don'lsmokehere,please.Smoking____inpublicplaces.

C.needstobeD.neededtobe一Oh,sorry.Tilstoprightnow.

15.Thedecision___________bythemittsenextmonth.A.Isn'tallowedB.aren'tallowed

A.makesB.wi'lbemadeC.Doesn'tallowD.allow

C.ismakingD.hasmade4.Ournewlibrary______lastyear.Weenjoyreadingand

考点四：主动形式表示被动意义studyinginit.

在主语是物的句子中，谓语动词是由某些及物动词转A.buildsB.built

化来的不及物动词，如：sell,clean,write,wash等。这C.isbuiltD.wasbuilt

些不及物动词的主动形式常表被动含义。5.Manyhousesbythefloodandthousandsofpeople

Thebooksellswell.werelefthomeless.

A.damagedB.weredamagednow.

C.weredamagingD.aredamagedA.suppliesB.issupplied

6.Somestudentsinthisschoolabioadasexchange

C.suppliedD.wassupplied

studentseveryyear.

5.Itlastweekthatthehaze（雾霾）inBeijingcaused

A.sentB.send

C.aresentD.sendingmanyproblems.

7.Toeveryone'sgreatsuiprise,thefamousactor'sstoryA.reportsB.reported

differentlyinthenewspapers.C.isreportedD.wasreported

A.wasreportedB.reported6.AlthoughFlightMH370hasbeenmissingfbrmonths,Ido

C.wasreportingD.reports

believeitsomedayinthefuture.

8.Ifitrainsthisweekend,oursportsmeeting.

A.willfindB.won'tfind

A.iscancelledB.wascancelled

C.willbecancelledD.cancelledC.willbefoundD.won'tbe