土木工程专业英语模拟考卷二

PAGE5PAGE土木工程专业英语模拟考卷二（考试时间：90分钟）Part1.VocabularyTranslationPleasetranslatethefollowingtechnicaltermsintoEnglish（15X1’）1.项目经理2.销栓作用3.均布荷载4.反应谱5.箱形基础6.偏心预应力7.和易性8.地震力9.传感器10.数据采集11.立方体抗压强度12.塑性铰13.单向板14.预制混凝土结构15.添加剂PleasetranslatethefollowingtechnicaltermsintoChinese（15X1’）1.cablestayedbridge2.retainingwall3.dynamicnonlineartimehistoryanalysis4.seismicdesign5.modulusofelasticity6.underreinforcedbeam7.progressivecollapse8.weatherresistance9.principleofvirtualwork10.vibrationcontrol11.outriggertrusses12.tsunami13.homogeneousmaterial14.structuraldamping15.slurrywallPart2.SentenceTranslationPleasetranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese(5X3’)Forearthquake-typeexcitations,theresponsereductionislargeforresonantgroundmotionsanddiminishesasthedominantfrequencyofthegroundmotiongetsfurtherawayfromthestructure’snaturalfrequencytowhichtheTMDistuned.Thedevelopmentinperformance-baseddesigninseismicengineeringwillbedirectedtowardsthedefinitionofperformanceobjectives,ageneraldesignmethodology,issuesofgroundmotionmodeling,anddemandandcapacityevaluations.Thetallerastructure,themoresusceptibleitistotheeffectsofhighermodesofvibration,whicharegenerallyadditivetotheeffectsofthelowermodesandtendtohavethegreatestinfluenceontheupperstories.Inthefrequency-domainmethod,itisassumedthattheloadingisperiodicandhasbeenresolvedintoitsdiscreteharmoniccomponentsbyFouriertransformation.Therelativelylowdesignforcesarejustifiedbytheobservationsthatbuildingsdesignedforlowforceshavebehavedsatisfactorilyandthosestructuresdissipatesignificantenergyasthematerialsyieldandbehaveinelastically.PleasetranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish(5X3’)1.偏心预应力通常比同心预应力更有效。很多年来，北美地区抗震设计的目标是建造中震下不坏、大震下不倒的建筑物。被动系统包括许多可以增强结构阻尼、刚度、强度的材料和装置。开展钢筋混凝土或预应力混凝土结构的结构分析是为了定量确定该结构在生命周期内的某一时刻可能经受的最大应力。作用在一个结构上的活荷载在设计时应该考虑将其布置在最大效应处，必要时应考虑包括部分布置，隔跨布置或者全跨布置的情况。Part3.ParagraphTranslationPleasetranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese(3X8’)1.ThecompositestructuralsystemfortheJinMaoTowerlocatedinShanghai,Chinawasdesignedtoresisttyphoonwinds,earthquakeforces,andaccommodatepoorsoilconditionswhileprovidingaveryslendertowertobefullyoccupiedforofficeandhoteluses.ThestructurefortheJinMaoTowerwascompletedinAugust1997withoccupancyexpectedinAugust1998.TheToweristhetallestbuildinginChinaandthethirdtallestintheworld.ThesuperstructureoftheTowerresistlateralloadswithacentralreinforcedconcreteshearwallcoreinterconnectedwithcompositemega-columnsthroughcompositeoutriggertrussesatthree(3)two-storylevels.Gravityloadsareresistedbycompositefloormemberswhichframetostructuralsteelmega-columnsandtothecentralcoreandcompositemega-columns.ThefoundationsystemfortheTowerconsistsofopensteelpipepilescappedbyareinforcedconcretemat.Adeepslurrywallsystemformsthetemporaryretentionaswellasthepermanentfoundationsystemaroundthesite.2.Thereareatleastthreewaystolookattheprestressingofconcrete:(a)asamethodofachievingconcretestresscontrol,bywhichtheconcreteisprecompressedsothattensionnormallyresultingfromtheappliedloadsisreducedoreliminated,(b)asameansforintroducingequivalentloadsontheconcretemembersothattheeffectsoftheappliedloadsarecounteractedtothedesireddegree,and(c)asaspecialvariationofreinforcedconcreteinwhichprestrainedhigh-strengthsteelisused,usuallyinconjunctionwithhigh-strengthconcrete.Eachoftheseviewpointsisusefulintheanalysisanddesignofprestressedconcretestructures.3.Inrecentyears,considerableattentionhasbeenpaidtoresearchanddevelopmentofstructuralcontroldevices,withparticularemphasisonalleviationofwindandseismicresponseofbuildingsandbridges.Inbothareas,seriouseffortshavebeenundertakentodevelopthestructuralcontrolconceptintoaworkabletechnology,andtodaywehavemanysuchdevicesinstalledinawidevarietyofstructures.Thefocusofthisstate-of-the-artpaperisonpassiveandactivestructuralcontrolsystems.Passivesystemsencompassarangeofmaterialsanddevicesforenhancingstructuraldamping,stiffnessandstrength.Activesystems,whichincludeactive,hybridandsemi-activesystems,employcontrollableforcedevicesintegratedwithsensors,controllersandreal-timeinformationprocessing.Thispaperincludesabriefhistoricaloutlineoftheirdevelopmentandanassessmentofthestate-of-the-artandstate-of-the-practiceofthisexciting,andstillevolving,technology.Alsoincludedinthediscussionaretheiradvantagesandlimitationsinthecontextofseismicdesignandretrofitofcivilengineeringstructures.PleasetranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoEngli