新教材适用2024-2025学年高中英语Unit3EnvironmentalProtectionSectionⅣ单元写作提能作业新人教版选择性必修第三册

UNIT3SectionⅣⅠ.阅读理解(2024·河北省保定市高二期末)WhatfishermanMoulThunfromaremoteislandintheMekongRiver,innorthernCambodia,didn'tknowwasthatstingrayhehookedwouldeventuallybenamedthelargestrecordedfreshwaterfish.ForZebHogan,who'sbeendocumentinglargefreshwaterfishesforalmosttwodecades,thediscoveryofthestingray,whichwasreleasedalivebackintotheriver,filledhimwithhope.“Itprovestheseunderwaterbigfish,whichareincriticaldanger,stillexist，”saysHogan.Hogan'spursuitforbigfish,calledtheMegafishesProjectandsupportedbyNationalGeographicSociety,beganin2005whenfishermeninnorthernThailandpulleda646-poundcafishoutoftheMekongRiver.Thespeciesisknownthatitwasthelargest,thatis,theheaviest-evercaughtinthearea.Arrivingattheisland,theteamfoundThun'sfish,afemalethatappearedtobeingoodhealth.Itwasmorethan13feetfromnosetotail.Theresearcherswereshockedtoseeherweightat661pounds.Shesetanewworldrecord.TheoriginalaimoftheMegafishesProjectwastofind,study,andprotecttheworld'slargestfreshwaterfishes.Theprojectfocusedonspeciesthatcouldgrowtoatleastthesizeofahumanandthatlivedonlyinfreshwater.Hoganinitiallydrewupalistofroughly30speciestofocuson.Thechallenge,asHogansoonlearned,wasthatmanyofthesefisharehardtofind.Theyliveinremote,inaccessibleplaces,andoftenindeepwaters.Earlyoninthesearch,therewererelativelyfewscientistsstudyingthem.Whatwasclearwasthattherivergiantswereshrinkinginnumber,threatenedbyahostoffactorsincludingoverfishing,waterpollution,andthepresenceofdams,whichblockmigratingfishfromcompletingtheirlifecycles.AsHogan'sworkprogressed,itsfocusincreasinglyturnedtoconservation.“Itwasneveraboutjustfindingthebiggestfish，”Hogansays,“butlookingforwaystoprotecttheseextraordinaryanimalsthat,insomecases,havebeenonEarthforhundredsofmillionsofyearsbutarenowdriftingoutofentities.”语篇解读：这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了ZebHogan近20年来始终在记录大型淡水鱼，他成立了“巨型鱼项目”，并得到了国家地理学会的支持。1．WhywasZebHoganfullofhope？BA．Freshwaterfishesweren'tindanger.B．Somelargefishesdidn'tdieoutC．Thestingraywasputintotheriver.D．Manylargefishesexistedinrivers.解析：细微环节理解题。依据第一段中“‘Itprovestheseunderwaterbigfish,whichareincriticaldanger,stillexist，’saysHogan.(霍根说：“这证明白这些处于极度危急中的水下大鱼仍旧存在。”)”可知，泽布·霍根充溢希望是因为一些大鱼并没有灭亡。故选B。2．Whatcanweknowaboutthe646-poundcatfish?DA．ItwasalsocaughtbyMoulThun.B．It'sthelargestrecordedfreshwaterfish.C．Itwasinjuredveryseriously.D．ItwascaughtintheMekongRiver.解析：细微环节理解题。依据其次段的第一句(霍根对大鱼的追求被称为“巨型鱼项目”，并得到了国家地理学会的支持。该项目始于2005年，当时泰国北部的渔民从湄公河打捞出一条646磅重的鲶鱼)”可知，这条646磅重的鲶鱼是在湄公河被捕获的。故选D。3．WhichofthefollowingistheoriginalgoaloftheMegafishesProject？CA．Findingabout30speciesofbigfishes.B．Studyingfishessmallerthanhumans.C．Protectingbigfreshwaterfishes.D．Settingnewrecordinfindingfishes.解析：细微环节理解题。依据第三段“TheoriginalaimoftheMegafishesProjectwastofind,study,andprotecttheworld'slargestfreshwaterfishes.(巨型鱼类项目的最初目的是发觉、探讨和爱护世界上最大的淡水鱼)”可知，爱护大型淡水鱼是巨型鱼项目的最初目标。故选C。4．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“driftingoutofentities”inthelastparagraphmean?AA．Dyingout. B．Gettingill.C．Beingprotected. D．Livingwell.解析：词句揣测题。依据画线词上文“butlookingforwaystoprotecttheseextraordinaryanimalsthat,insomecases,havebeenonEarthforhundredsofmillionsofyearsbutarenow”可知，but表示转折，说明在某些状况下，这些动物已经在地球上存在了数亿年，但现在正面临灭亡。故画线词意思是“灭亡”。故选A。Ⅱ.七选五依据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2024·吉林省吉林市第一中学高二期末)Climatechangehasincreasedaveragetemperaturesby1℃overthepastcentury,makingheatwavesmorefrequentandintensethanthosefromanyotherpointinrecordedhistory.1.AAstudypublishedinthejournalNatureClimateChangefoundglobalwarmingresponsiblefor37percentofheat-relateddeathsbetween1991and2024.Thefollowingiswhathappensifyou'rethenexttobekilled.First,yourbrainsendsaseriesofmessagestoyoursweatglandstellingthemtoincreasesweatproduction.Thenyourheartstartsbeatingfastertopumpbloodtotheskinwhilebloodflowisdirectedawayfromimportantorgans(器官)likeyourliver,kidneysandgut.2.FIfheatstrokeoccurs,yourbodymightgethotanddirectsomuchoxygen-richbloodtotheskinthatitsuffocates(把……闷死)vitalinternalorgans.Ifyourbodyfailstocoolyoudown,itsinternaltemperaturemightstarttoclimbfromanormalleveltoabout104degrees.3.DYoumayfeelitstartasadullheadache.Beforelong,youmightloseconsciousness.Yourbrainmightbegintoswell.Whileyoustruggletostayawakeandavoiddizzyingconfusion,theexcessiveinternalheatisdamagingyourgut,consequentlycausinganinflammatory(发炎的)response.4.GThat'sjustpartofwhatweknowabouthowextremeheatkillsyou.5.BAlotofwhatweknowcomesfromstudiesonanimalmodels,likemiceandrats,orfromexaminationsofpeopledyingofheatstroke.A．Astheheatrisesquickly,sodoesthedeathnumber.B．That'sbecausewecan'tstudyitinhumansinthelaboratory.C．Astemperaturestickeverhigher,thatfiguremaywellrise.D．Atthattemperature,yourbrainbecomesaffected.E．Survivingtheorganfailuremightrequireanemergencytransplant.F．Sometimesthataloneisenoughtocreateproblemsforaweakoragingheart.G．Leftuntreated,whatfollowsisafloodoforganfailurethatleadstoyourdeath.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章说明白极端高温导致人类生病或死亡的缘由。解析：1．依据空后的“AstudypublishedinthejournalNatureClimateChangefoundglobalwarmingresponsiblefor37percentofheat-relateddeathsbetween1991and2024.(发表在《自然气候改变》杂志上的一项探讨发觉，1991年至2024年期间，37%的与热相关死亡是由全球变暖造成的。)”可知，前文应当强调的是热浪造成死亡即二者之间的关系。A选项(随着气温快速上升死亡人数也随之上升。)符合语境，引起下文。故选A。2．设空处前文从热浪对身体各个器官产生影响的机理入手，对热浪造成死亡的缘由进行分析，由此后文应当阐述的该消极影响所产生的后果。F选项(有时，这本身就足以给虚弱或苍老的心脏带来问题。)中的that指代的是前文中“First,yourbrainsendsaseriesofmessagestoyoursweatglandstellingthemtoincreasesweatproduction.”及“Thenyourheartstartsbeatingfastertopumpbloodtotheskinwhilebloodflowisdirectedawayfromimportantorgans(器官)likeyourliver,kidneysandgut.”的任何一种状况。故选F。3．依据前文的“Ifyourbodyfailstocoolyoudown,itsinternaltemperaturemightstarttoclimbfromanormalleveltoabout104degrees.(假如你的身体不能给你降温，它的内部温度可能会从正常水平攀升到104华氏度左右。)”可知，后文强调身体内部温度可能会从正常水平攀升到104华氏度左右的结果。D选项(在那种温度下，你的大脑会受到影响。)中的thattemperature与前文呼应。故选D。4．依据前文“Whileyoustruggletostayawakeandavoiddizzyingconfusion,theexcessiveinternalheatisdamagingyourgut,consequentlycausinganinflammatory(发炎的)response.(当你努力保持醒悟，避开纷繁芜杂的混乱时，过多的内热正在损害你的肠道，从而导致炎症反应。)”可知，后文应当承接的是应当刚好治疗由内热正在损害你的肠道，从而导致炎症，否则会造成死亡。G选项(假如不刚好治疗，随之而来的是大量器官衰竭，最终导致死亡。)符合语境。故选G。5．依据后文的“Alotofwhatweknowcomesfromstudiesonanimalmodels,likemiceandrats,orfromexaminationsofpeopledyingofheatstroke.(我们知道的许多信息都来自于对动物模型的探讨，比如小鼠和大鼠，或者来自对中暑死亡者的检查。)”可知，关于极端高温造成人类死亡的缘由我们仅仅知道其中一部分的缘由，是因为我们所获得的许多信息都来自于对动物模型的探讨，因为我们不能对人类机体本身进行探讨。故B选项(这是因为我们无法在试验室中对人类进行探讨。)承上启下。故选B。Ⅲ.完形填空(2024·浙江省浙南名校联盟高二期中)Polturanstraighttohisstudytable.There,inanemptybottle,wasthetreasure,acolourfulbutterfly,oncekeepingflyingawayfromhis1.C.Butnowitwasgoingtobepartofhisbiologyprojectinschool.Poltulovedthedifferent2.Aonthewings.Hehadmadeafewholesonthecapofthebottletoletairpass3.D.Hedressedhurriedly,4.Cschooland5.Bthebottleonthewindowsill.Thatday'sbiologyclasswasthemostinteresting!Poltu'steacherwashappywithhis6.Aandaskedeveryonetothankhim.Onthewaybackhome,thebutterflystillfluttereditswings7.D.WhateversmallcreaturePoltucameacross,hefeltlikeputtingintothebottle.Buthe8.Ahimselfashewantedtogivebreathingspacetohisbutterfly.Wakinguparoundmidnightsuddenly,helightly9.Cthebottle.Thebutterflydidnotmove.Heshookthebottlesomemore,butstillno10.A.Hepouredalittlewater.Thewaterseemedtohelpasthebutterfly11.Dalittle.Poltuheavedasighof12.C.AfterawhilePoltuquicklyopenedthebottleandgaveita13.Bshake.ToPoltu,thetinynoiseoftheflutteringwingswas14.D.Hesatstaringattheemptybottle,buthewashappythathehadsentthebutterflybacktowhereit15.B—nature.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲解并描述Poltu抓了一只彩色的蝴蝶并把它放进空瓶子里，并最终让它回来大自然的故事。1．A.sense B．abilityC．grasp D．view解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那里，在一个空瓶子里，是宝藏，一个彩色的蝴蝶，一度从他紧握的手中飞走了。依据“...oncekeepingflyingawayfrom...”可知，蝴蝶在一度从Poltu紧握的手中飞走。A.sense感觉；B.ability实力；C.grasp紧握；D.view观点。故选C。2．A.colours B．spotsC．shapes D．lines解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：Poltu喜爱翅膀上不同的颜色。依据上文“acolourfulbutterfly”可知，这是一只彩色的蝴蝶，所以Poltu喜爱蝴蝶翅膀上不同的颜色。B.spots地点；C.shapes形态；D.lines线。故选A。3．A.past B．acrossC．over D．through解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：他在瓶盖上凿了几个洞，好让空气通过。passthrough穿过；透过。依据“Hehadmadeafewholesonthecapofthebottle...”可知，Poltu在瓶盖上凿洞是为了让瓶子透气。故选D。4．A.calledon B．leftoffC．leftfor D．droppedin解析：考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他匆忙穿好衣服，去学校，把瓶子放在窗台上。依据“Hedressedhurriedly...”可知，Poltu匆忙穿好衣服，动身去学校。A.calledon号召；B.leftoff中断；C.leftfor动身去；D.droppedin顺便走访。故选C。5．A.abandoned B．placedC．threw D．pulled解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他匆忙穿好衣服，去学校，把瓶子放在窗台上。依据“thebottleonthewindowsill”可知，Poltu把装有蝴蝶的瓶子放在教室的窗台上。A.abandoned抛弃；B.placed放置；C.threw扔；D.pulled拉。故选B。6．A.creation B．conditionC．intention D．expectation解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：Poltu的老师对他的创作很满足，并请大家感谢他。依据上文“Butnowitwasgoingtobepartofhisbiologyprojectinschool.”和空后“andaskedeveryonetothankhim”可知，老师对Poltu的创作很满足。A.creation创作；B.condition状况；C.intention准备；D.expectation期望。故选A。7．A.changeably B．reasonablyC．weakly D．energetically解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：在回家的路上，蝴蝶仍旧精力充足地拍打着翅膀。依据“...thebutterflystillfluttereditswings...”可知，蝴蝶精力充足地拍打着翅膀。A.changeably易变地；B.reasonably合理地；C.weakly虚弱地；D.energetically精力充足地。故选D。8．A.controlled B．seizedC．managed D．hid解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：但他限制住了自己，因为他想给他的蝴蝶喘息的空间。依据“...ashewantedtogivebreathingspacetohisbutterfly”可知，Poltu学会了自我限制。A.controlled限制；B.seized抓取；C.managed管理；D.hid隐藏。故选A。9．A.kicked B．embracedC．patted D．beat解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：半夜左右，他突然醒来，轻轻地拍了拍瓶子。依据“Heshookthebottlesomemore,butstillno10.”可知，Poltu轻轻地拍了拍瓶子，看蝴蝶是否在动。A.kicked踢；B.embraced拥抱；C.patted轻怕；D.beat打。故选C。10．A.response B．appearanceC．symptom D．signal解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他又摇了摇瓶子，但还是没有反应。依据“Heshookthebottlesomemore”可知，瓶子中的没有反应。A.response反应；B.appearance外表；C.symptom症状；D.signal信号。故选A。11．A.climbed B．jumpedC．turned D．trembled解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：当蝴蝶微微颤抖时，水好像帮了大忙。依据“Thewaterseemedtohelp”可知，Poltu倒入一点水，蝴蝶起先微微颤抖。C.turned转身；D.trembled颤抖。故选D。12．A.regret B．shockC．relief D．depression解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：Polu松了一口气。heaveasighofrelief“松一口气，如释重负”。依据“Thewaterseemedtohelpasthebutterfly11alittle.”可知，Poltu看到蝴蝶动了，松了一口气。A.regret缺憾；B.shock震惊；C.relief欣慰；D.depression懊丧。故选C。13．A.violent B．gentleC．sudden D．natural解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：过了一会儿，Poltu快速打开瓶子，轻轻地摇了摇。依据“AfterawhilePoltuquicklyopenedthebottle...”可知，Poltu轻轻地摇了摇瓶子。A.violent猛烈的；B.gentle轻轻的；C.sudden突然的；D.natural自然的。故选B。14．A.terrible B．unbelievableC．confusing D．musical解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对Poltu来说，扇动翅膀发出的微小声音是悦耳的。依据“Poltuheavedasighof12.”可知，Poltu知道蝴蝶