（高考英语作文炼句）第63篇老师译文笔记

PAGEPAGE11.虽然采取行动不能保证我们立即获得成功,也不能排除我们偶尔失误的可能性,但它会促使我们进步,以使我们有朝一日实现宏伟的志向.Whileactiondoesnotguaranteeinstantaneoussuccess,nordoesit

precludethepossibilityof

(1.排除……的可能性)making

theoccasionalmisstep(2.偶尔的失误),itwillhelptomoveusforwardsothatour

lofty

(3.宏伟的)ambitionsmayonedaybefulfilled.

1-排除……的可能性precludethepossibilityof

词典释义：precludeUK

[prɪ'klu：d]

US

[prə-]

formal

verb

transitive

■topreventsomethingormakeitimpossible,orpreventsomeonefromdoingsomething

排除,防止,杜绝;阻碍

•Hiscontract

precludes

him

from

discussinghisworkwithanyoneoutsidethecompany.合约中禁止他与公司外的人谈论工作.•Thefactthatyourapplicationwasnotsuccessfulthistimedoesnot

preclude

thepossibilityofyouapplyingagainnexttime.这次应征失败并不妨碍你下次再来应征.

外刊例句：Borrows'sreputationasadealmakerindicatesMontaguebelievesthetimeisripeforfurtherinvestment,althoughthatdoesn't

precludethepossibilityof

asharebuybackofupto£300mthisyear.

()鲍威尔以精于股票交易闻名,这意味着蒙太古公司认为是时候进行更多投资了,当然这仍无法排除今年该公司可能赎买价值超过3000万榜的股票.

替换表达：exclude/ruleoutthe

possibility

ofsomething

2-偶尔的失误theoccasionalmisstep

词典释义：

misstep

mis·step/

ˈmɪs.stɛp

;

ˈmɪs-step

/nounCAmE

1.amistake,especiallyonethatiscausedbynotunderstandingasituationcorrectly〔尤指判断上的〕错误;失策：•Amisstepherecouldcostmillionsofdollars.这里的一个失误可能会造成数百万美元的损失.

外刊例句：HertwocentralcharactersareMrPutinhimself,whosecloyinglyinsincerepublicutterancesand

occasionalmistakes

shedescribeswithsavageglee;andRamzanKadyrov,whomshedescribesrepeatedly—andbravely—asa"lunatic”.

()她书中有两大角色,其一是普京,他惯于在公众面前装腔作势地撒谎且偶有出丑,而她把此描述为体现了原始的欢乐;至于另一位角色拉姆塞·卡慕斯基,她反复称其勇敢得"像个疯子”.

替换表达：makemistakesoccasionally

学生错误表达：Incidental

missteps点评：用词不当,incidental含义是"次要的;附带的”,例如：Thepointsyoumakearetrue,butthey'reincidentaltothemainproblem.你的看法都正确,但它们对主要问题而言只是枝节性的.

3-宏伟的lofty

词典释义：lofty

●○○○○1.ADJ-GRADED能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词

崇高的;高尚的

A

lofty

idealorambitionisnoble,important,andadmirable.•Itwasabankthatstartedoutwithgrandideasand

lofty

ideals...这是一家创办伊始抱有雄心壮志的银行.

•Amidthechaos,hehad

lofty

aims.尽管身处混乱之中,他却怀有崇高的目标.

外刊例句：This

lofty

ambitionhasdrawnlaughterandscornonline.

()这宏大志向在网上遭到了嘲笑和鄙夷.

替换表达：great/high

学生错误表达：Magnificent

ambitions点评：magnificent一般指景色、文学作品、表演或者建筑这些实物很宏伟美丽,它通常不能用来修饰ambition这类抽象事物.

2.缺乏雄心或行动必然会使我们的生活陷入平庸.而把它们两者结合起来才是我们走上成功道路的秘诀.Alackofeitherambitionoractionwillinevitablyleadustoalifeof

mediocrity(1.平庸).Incombination,however,theyrepresentthe

winningformula

(2.成功的秘诀)thatwillputusontheroadtosuccess.

1-平庸mediocrity

词典释义：mediocrityUK

[ˌmi：.di'ɒk.rə.ti]

US

[-'ɑ：.krə.tˌi]

noun

countable

or

uncountable

■thequalityofbeingnotverygood;apersonwhoisnotverygoodatsomething

平庸;平庸之材

•Agoaljustbeforehalf-timerescuedthematchfrom

mediocrity.在半场快要结束时的一个进球使这场比赛没有流于平庸.•Thesepeoplearejust

mediocrities

(=peoplewhodonothavemuchskillorabilityatanything).这些人只是平庸之辈.

外刊例句：Fromtoptobottom,Americansocceriswrappedinacultureofcottonwoolwherenooneischallenged,

mediocrity

isrewarded,andtherearerarelyconsequencesforfailure.

()整个体系上下,美国足球一直处于"娇生惯养”的文化中,没有谁需要面对挑战,保持中庸就能有利可图,甚至连失败都没什么后果可言.

替换表达：ordinariness

学生错误表达：Commonness点评：commonness是指"(某事)经常发生;缺乏品味”,不能用commonness来指"平庸”.

2-成功的秘诀winningformula

词典释义：formula2.N-SING单数名词

方案;方法

A

formulafor

aparticularsituation,usuallyagoodone,isacourseofactionoracombinationofactionsthatiscertainorlikelytoresultinthatsituation.•Afterhewasofficiallypronouncedtheworld'soldestman,heofferedthissimple

formula

foralongandhappylife...在他被正式宣布为世界上最年长的人后,他给出了这样一个简单的快乐长寿的秘诀.

•Cleverexploitationofthelatesttechnologywouldbeasure

formula

forsuccess...对最新技术的灵活利用必将带来成功.

•Thissocialismdoesnotafterallofferamagic

formula

forprosperityandhumandignity.这种社会主义说到底并不能提供实现富足和人格尊严的神奇方案.

外刊例句：Afterearningmultipleawardsandhugeaudiences,"XiYangyang”("PleasantGoatandBigBigWolf”)isbeingforcedtochangeits

winningformula,whichhasincludedcopiousamountsofcallouscartoonviolence.

()喜洋洋系列动画在赢得各大奖项与大量观众后,现在正被迫改变其成功方案,因为这方案里面有着大量冷漠无情的暴力内容.

替换表达：thesecretofsuccess/awinningcombination/thekeytosuccess

3.逆境是一种能使头脑和灵魂更加坚韧的手段.虽然并不是每个人都可以在不幸中生存下来,但那些能生存下来的人通常发生了积极而深刻的变化.Adversityisameansof

strengtheningthemindandsoul(1.使头脑和灵魂更加坚韧).Althoughnoteveryonecansurvivemisfortune,thosewhodoareoften

transformedinprofoundandpositiveways(2.发生了积极而深刻的变化).

1-使头脑和灵魂更加坚韧strengtheningthemindandsoul这里soul之前是不需要加定冠词the的,其实无论是a还是the都有这种用法,即在两个或多个并列名词中,省略重复性质的a/the,尤其是当这些名词相关性很强时.例如Iaskedhertopassmethepencil,eraser,andpencilsharpener.

词典释义：strengthen['streŋ.θən]

verb

intransitive

or

transitive

IMPROVER

■tomakesomethingstrongerormoreeffective,ortobecomestrongerormoreeffective

增强,加强;巩固

•Theyhavebeen

strengthening

theirborderdefencesinpreparationforwar.他们一直在为备战而强化边防.•Hisbattleagainstcancerhas

strengthened

his

belief

inGod.他跟癌症的斗争坚定了他对上帝的信仰.•Theaccident

strengthens

the

case

forbettersafetymeasuresatfairgrounds.这宗事故充分显示露天游乐场的安全防护需要加强.•Thebankloanhasgreatly

strengthened

ourfinancialposition.银行的贷款大大加强了我们的财力.•Theorganization'saimisto

strengthen

theculturaltiesbetweenBritainandGermany.这个机构的宗旨是加强英德两国的文化联系.•TheriseinUSinterestratescausedthedollarto

strengthen

(=increaseinvalue)

against

alltheAsiancurrencies.美国加息导致美元对所有亚洲货币升值.

外刊例句：HundredsofthousandsreadIshmaelBeah'swonderfulALongWayGone(FourthEstate),whichbroughtusinto

themindandsoul

ofachildsoldierinSierraLeone.()成千上万人读了伊斯梅尔精彩绝伦的小说《长路漫漫》,本书带领读者身临其境地感受一位塞拉利昂童兵的遭遇.

学生错误表达：(1)

makebrainsandsoulsbecomemorestrength点评：strength是名词,没有become

morestrength的用法,这里可以改为make

brainsandsoulsstronger(2)

renderourmindandsoulstronger点评：rendersomethingadj.一般是表达负面含义,例如rendersomething

obsolete/impossible/unfitetc.

在这里用renderourmindandsoulstronger不妥.

2-发生了积极而深刻的变化transformedinprofoundandpositiveways词典释义：transformUK

[træns'fɔ：m]

US

[-'fɔ：rm]

verb

transitive

IMPROVER

■tochangecompletelytheappearanceorcharacterofsomethingorsomeone,especiallysothattheyareimproved

使彻底改观;使大变样

•Thereorganizationwill

transform

theBritishentertainmentindustry.这次重组将使英国的娱乐业大为改观.•[R]Wheneveracamerawaspointedather,Marilynwouldinstantly

transform

herself

into

aradiantstar.每当摄像机对准她的时候,玛丽莲会立刻将自己变成一个耀眼的明星.

外刊例句：Inaninstant,hislifewas

transformed

inawaythatnoindividualhadpreviouslyexperienced.()转眼间,其生活就改变了,变得独一无二,与众不同.

替换表达：undergo

positiveandprofoundchanges

4.逆境能增强人们的适应力.在渡过悲惨的境遇,比如离婚、失业或者贫穷之后,人们能够获得情感和智力上的素质能力,这种素质能力对于解决他们未来可能会遇到的困难至关重要.Adversitycanmakepeoplemore

resilient(1.适应力强).Bysurvivingtragiccircumstances,suchasdivorce,unemploymentorpoverty,peoplecangainthe

emotionalandintellectualresources(2.情感和智力上的素质能力)necessarytoconfrontanyfuturestrugglestheymayface.

1-适应力强resilientresilient/resilience指的是遇到困难、遭遇困境、失败之后能重新鼓起勇气和信心.

词典释义：resilient[rɪ'zɪl.i.ənt]

adjective

■abletoquicklyreturntoapreviousgoodcondition

有弹性的;能复原的;有复原力的;适应性强的

•Thisrubberballisvery

resilient

andimmediatelyspringsbackintoshape.这种橡胶球很有弹性,可以立即恢复原来的形状.•She'sa

resilient

girl-shewon'tbeunhappyforlong.她是个适应力很强的女孩儿——她不会长时间沉浸于悲伤之中的.

外刊例句：Cityleadersaroundtheworldarelookingtomaketheircitiesmore

resilient：abletocopewithemergenciesandprovideasafe,sustainableplaceforcitizens.

()世界各地的城市领导者正想方设法让其城市变得适应力更强：能解决各类紧急事故、给市民提供安全可靠的居住环境.

学生错误表达：Suitability点评：suitability是指"合适,适宜”,例如：hissuitabilityasafather他作为父亲的称职情况,suitability不能理解为"适应力”.

2-情感和智力上的素质能力emotionalandintellectualresources表示应对困境的个人素质(勇气、决心等各种能力的综合)时,多用复数resources;表示处理问题的实际的智谋、手段时,用resource,不可数.

词典释义：

resourceUK

[rɪ'zɔ：s/

UK

['ri：.sɔ：s]

US

['ri：.sɔ：rs]

noun

ESSENTIAL

countable

usuallyplural

■ausefulorvaluablepossessionorqualityofacountry,organizationorperson

资源;财力;素质

•Thecountry'sgreatest

resource

isthededicationofitsworkers.这个国家最大的资源就是劳动者的奉献精神.•Britain'smineral

resources

includeoil,coalandgasdeposits.英国的矿产资源包括石油、煤炭和天然气.uncountable

formal

for

*resourcefulness

UK

[rɪ'zɔ：s/

UK

['ri：.sɔ：s]

US

['ri：.sɔ：rs]

noun

haveinnerresources

■tohavetheabilitytohelpyourselfmanageorachievesomething

拥有内在素质;具有内在力量;具有精神力量

•Hecan'tcopewithdifficultsituationsonhisown-hehasnoinner

resources.他不能独力应付困难局