（高考英语作文炼句）第44篇译文老师笔记

PAGEPAGE11.那些在童年时代就成为狂热的体育爱好者的人在长大后更有可能拥有积极的生活方式,以及更加健康和有活力.Thosewhobecame

avidsportsenthusiasts(1.狂热的体育爱好者)duringchildhoodaremuchmorelikelytoleadanactivelifestyleasadultsandenjoygreaterhealthand

vitality(2.活力).

1-sportsenthusiasts词典释义：enthusiast

UK

[ɪn'θju：.zi.æst]

US

[-'θu：-]

noun

countable

■apersonwhoisveryinterestedinandinvolvedwitha

particularsubjectoractivity

热衷于…的人;热心者;爱好者•akeep-fit

enthusiast热衷健身运动的人•amodel-aircraft

enthusiast飞机模型爱好者

外刊例句：Withsummerjustaroundthecornerinthe

northernhemisphere,manymountain-sports

enthusiasts

arestashingtheirskisandsnowboardsawayinthecupboard

anddustingoffkitusedtogoupmountainsratherthandownthem.

()随着北半球的夏天逐步来临,许多山地运动爱好者正把滑雪板收进橱柜里,拿出用于登山而非下山的运动器材,扫除其灰尘.

替换表达：devoteesofsports

2-vitality

词典释义：vitality

●○○○○1.N-UNCOUNT

不可数名词

活力;生命力;热情

Ifyousaythatsomeoneorsomethinghas

vitality,youmeanthatthey

havegreatenergyandliveliness.•Withoutcontinuedlearning,graduateswilllosetheir

intellectual

vitality...如果不继续学习,毕业生就会失去思想上的活力.

•MrLisaidChina'sreformshadbrought

vitality

toitseconomy.李先生说中国的改革给其经济注入了活力.

外刊例句：In

alllivingthingstheremustbeacertainunity,aprincipleof

vitality

andgrowth.()一切生物间肯定有一一致性,那就是活力与成长的法则.

替换表达：vigour

2.据估计中国有百分之五的人口患有抑郁症,而平均每四名大学生里就有一名有某种形式的精神健康问题.不幸的是,许多需要寻求心理咨询的人却不敢寻求帮助,因为他们认为寻求心理咨询是一种懦弱的行为.ItisestimatedthatfivepercentoftheChinesepopulation

suffersfromdepression(1.患有抑郁症),whileoneineveryfourcollegestudentshassomeformof

mentalhealthproblem(2.精神健康问题).Unfortunately,manypeoplewhorequire

psychiatriccounseling(3.心理咨询)areafraidtoseekit,duetothebeliefthatdoingsowouldbeanactof

cowardice(4.懦弱).

1-sufferfromdepression

词典释义：

depression

[dɪ'preʃ.ən]

noun

UNHAPPINESS

不快乐

ADVANCED

uncountable

■thestateoffeelingveryunhappyandwithouthopefor

thefuture

忧郁,抑郁;消沉,沮丧•Iwasoverwhelmedbyfeelingsof

depression.我万念俱灰.

ADVANCED

countable

or

uncountable

■amentalillnessinwhichapersonisveryunhappyand

anxious(=worriedandnervous)forlongperiodsandcannothaveanormal

lifeduringtheseperiods

抑郁症•Tiredness,lossofappetiteandsleepingproblemsareall

classicsymptomsof

depression.乏力、没有食欲和失眠都是抑郁症的典型症状.•Ifyou

sufferfrom

depression,it'sbestto

getprofessionalhelp.如果你患有抑郁症,最好向专业人士求助.

外刊例句：Todayaround15%ofpeopleindeveloped

countries

sufferfromdepression,

andtheillnessshowsnosignofabating.

()现今约15%的发达国家人群饱受抑郁症折磨,而且该疾病毫无消退迹象.

替换表达：experience/havedepression,sufferfromdepressivedisorders

2-mentalhealthproblem

词典释义：mental

health

n.(名词)1.Astateofemotionalandpsychologicalwell-being

inwhichanindividualisabletousehisorhercognitiveandemotional

capabilities,functioninsociety,andmeettheordinarydemandsofeveryday

life.健康情绪,心理健康：情绪及心理上的理想状态,让个人可以在社会中使用他(她)的认知及情绪能力,并符合日常生活的一般需求

外刊例句：

Inthepastyearanumberofcampaignshave

beenlaunchedtoencouragementotalkabouttheir

mentalhealthproblems.

()去年,人们举行了一系列活动,鼓励男性谈论其心理健康问题.

替换表达：mentaldisorders/psychologicalproblems

3-psychiatriccounseling

词典释义：psychiatric

[ˌsaɪ.ki'æt.rɪk]

adjective

ADVANCED

■oforrelatingtothestudyofmentalillness

精神病(学)的•psychiatric

treatment精神病治疗•a

psychiatric

patient精神病人•thehospital's

psychiatric

unit医院的精神科

counselling

●●○○○inAM,use美国英语用

counseling1.N-UNCOUNT

不可数名词

(治疗师或其他专家提供的)咨询,建议

Counselling

isadvicewhichatherapistorotherexpertgivestosomeone

aboutaparticularproblem.•Shewillneedmedicalhelpand

counselling

toovercomethetragedy...她需要借助医学治疗和心理咨询来克服惨剧带来的影响.

•Shebroughtherhusbandinformarriagecounseling.她带丈夫来进行婚姻咨询.

外刊例句：Some

thinkthatpeoplewith

psychiatric

conditionsarepossessedbyevilspirits.()某些人认为,有心理疾病的人是被恶灵控制了.

替换表达：psychologicalcounseling/psychologicalconsultations

4-cowardice

词典释义：cowardice1.N-UNCOUNT

不可数名词

惧怕;胆小;懦弱

Cowardice

is

cowardlybehaviour.•Heopenlyaccusedhisopponentsof

cowardice.他公然指责对手胆小懦弱.

外刊例句：All306Britishfirstworldwarsoldiers

executedfordesertionor

cowardice

aretobepardoned,DesBrowne,thedefencesecretary,willannouncetoday.()国防部长丹斯·布朗恩将于今日宣布,总共306名在一战中因为擅离军队或逃离军队而被处决的英国士兵将得到赦免.

Q：请问老师这里"fivepercentofthe

Chinesepopulationsuffersfromdepression”suffer到底加不加s?看有的地方说不用,"当主语是表示\"人口的百分之几、几分之几\"时,谓语动词用复数形式.”比较迷茫A：population既可以当单数名词,也可以当复数名词,原文的theChinesepopulation是作为单数名词使用,因为后面的suffer要使用第三人称单数形式.不管主语前面有没有"百分之几”的修饰,主语后面的谓语动词都应该跟主语单复数保持一致,例如牛津词典例句：Onethirdoftheworld'spopulationconsumes/consumetenthirds

oftheworld'sresources.世界上三分之一的人口消耗着全球三分之二的资源.

Q：Chinese就表示中国人了,population就指全体人口了,我觉得应该已经是特指了.为什么前面还要加the?A：Chinese是一个形容词,population是一个单数名词,前面必须要有冠词来修饰.

3.比起治疗身体疾病,治疗精神健康问题往往是一个更加漫长的过程;一些精神疾病需要多年不间断的治疗,而另外一些甚至需要用一生的时间去克服.Treatingamentalhealthproblemtendstobe

amuchmoreprotractedprocess(1.一个更加漫长的过程)thandealingwithaphysicalailment;some

psychologicaldisorders

(2.精神疾病)require

yearsofongoingtherapy(3.多年不间断的治疗),whileothersmayeventakealifetimetoovercome.

1-amuchmoreprotractedprocess

词典释义：protracted

[prə'træk.tɪd]

adjective

■lastingforalongtimeormadetolastlonger

持久的;延长的;拖延的•protracted

negotiations持久的谈判•a

protracted

argument/discussion旷日费时的争论／讨论

外刊例句：Protestsbrokeoutasthe

protractedprocess

ofdrawingupaconstitution—theseventhsince

1950—cametoanunexpectedlyrapidclose.

()宪法制定过程旷日持久(自1950年的第七次制定),但却出乎意料地突然结束,游行示威因此而爆发了.

替换表达：amuchlengthierprocess

学生错误表达：amuchmore

lengthyprocess点评：lengthy的比较级是lengthier,不能说amuchmorelengthyprocess,要说amuchlengthierprocess

2-psychologicaldisorders

词典释义：psychological

UK

[ˌsaɪ.kəl'ɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl]

US

[-kə'lɑ：.dʒɪ-]

adjective

IMPROVER

■relatingtothehumanmindandfeelings

心理的;心理学的•psychological

problems心理问题•Heclaimsthattheconstantaircraftnoisehasabad

psychological

effectontheresidents.他声称持续不断的飞机噪音给居民造成了不良的心理影响.•Weareconcernedwiththephysicaland

psychological

well-beingofouremployees.我们关心员工的身心健康.■(ofanillnessorotherphysicalproblem)causedbyworry

orsadness

由焦虑(或悲伤)引起的;存在于心理上的•Isuspecthisheadachesarepurely

psychological.我怀疑他的头痛纯粹是心理作用.

disorderUK

[dɪ'sɔ：.dər]

US

[-'sɔ：r.dɚ]

noun

ILLNESS

疾病

countable

or

uncountable

■anillnessofthemindorbody

失调,紊乱•a

blood

disorder血液失调•Thefamilyhaveahistoryof

mental

disorder.该家族有精神病史.

外刊例句：Theanalysisusedonlylarge-scalestudies,

whichlookedatthegeneralpopulation,tocontrolformenbeinglesslikely

toseekhelpfor

psychological

disorders

thanwomen.

()这种分析方法仅用于聚焦于广大群众的大型实验,该实验为了探寻究竟是什么控制因素导致男性在精神疾病方面比女性更少向外界寻求帮助.

替换表达：mentalillnesses/mentaldisorders

学生错误表达：physical

illnesses点评：physical

illnesses是指"身体上的疾病”,这里要改为mentalillnesses

3-yearsofongoingtherapy

词典释义：ongoingUK

['ɒŋˌgəʊ.ɪŋ]

UK

[ˌ-'--]

US

['ɑ：nˌgoʊ-]

adjective

ADVANCED

■continuingtoexistordevelop,orhappeningatthe

presentmoment

持续存在的;不断发展的;继续进行的;进行中的•an

ongoing

investigation/process/project持续进行的调查／持续的过程／正在实施的工程•Noagreementhasyetbeenreachedandthenegotiationsare

still

ongoing.还没有达成任何协议,谈判仍在进行.

therapy['θer.ə.pi]

noun

countable

or

uncountable

IMPROVER

■atreatmentwhichhelpssomeonefeelbetter,grow

stronger,etc.,especiallyafteranillness

治疗;疗法

•occupational

therapy职业疗法•speech

therapy言语治疗•group

therapy集体治疗•Joiningaclubcanbe

a

therapy

for

loneliness.加入俱乐部可能是消解孤独的一种方法.

外刊例句：Special-needs

childrenwillneed

ongoingtherapy

whichmay,ormaynot,befunded.()有特殊需要的孩子得接受常年不断的治疗,而这种治疗是否有资金赞助可说不准.

替换表达：treatmentoveralongperiodoftime/yearsofconsistenttherapy

Q：为什么心理咨询用的是psychiatric(精神的),而精神疾病用的却是psychological(心理的)?A：psychiatriccounselling/counseling(心理咨询)是一个固定名词,这里可以直接记住.

4.大学生往往会比其他人更容易遭受抑郁症.对于学生来说,不管这一精神疾病是已经存在还是潜在会发生,为了治疗它,学生需要认识它的症状,生活上做出积极的改变,以及愿意从其他人那里寻求帮助.Universitystudentstendto

bemoresusceptibleto

(1.更容易遭受)depressionthanothers.Inordertodealwiththismentaldisorder,whetherexistingorpotential,studentsneedtounderstandits

symptoms(2.症状),

makeproactivelifechanges(3.生活上做出积极的改变),andbewillingtoseekhelpfromothers.

1-bemoresusceptibleto

词典释义：susceptible

[sə'sep.tɪ.bl]

adjective

INFLUENCED

受影响的

■easilyinfluencedorharmedbysomething

易受影响的,易受伤害的•Sheisn'tvery

susceptible

to

flattery.她不太听信别人的奉承.•Theseplantsareparticularly

susceptible

to

frost.这些植物很容易受霜冻影响.•Amongparticularly

susceptible

children,the

diseasecandevelopveryfast.在特别易受感染的儿童中,这种疾病会扩展得非常迅速.

外刊例句：Thenatureofthesereactionsmeansepigenetic

processes

aresusceptibleto

chemicalinterventioninawaythatgeneticmutationsarenot.()这些反应的本质意味着表观基因遗传过程极易受化学方式干扰,而这种方式却对基因突变无效.

替换表达：bemorevulnerableto/beproneto

2-symptoms

词典释义：symptom['sɪmp.təm]

noun

countable

IMPROVER

■anyfeelingofillnessorphysicalormentalchangewhich

iscausedbyaparticulardisease

(疾病的)症状

•He'scomplainingofalltheusualflu

symptoms

-a

hightemperature,headacheandsoon.他抱怨所有常见的感冒症状——高烧、头痛等,都出现在他身上.•He'sbeenHIV-positiveforsixyears,butjustrecently

he'sstartedto

develop

the

symptoms

ofAIDS.他HIV病毒检测呈阳性反应已有六年了,但直到最近才开始出现艾滋病的征状.

外刊例句：Thenetworkhasbeenaccusedofdealingwith

the

symptoms

ofangerinthe

provincesratherthanitscauses.

()(人们)指责该电视台只懂关注外省人民愤怒的表现,而毫不关心其原因.

3-makeproactivelifechanges

词典释义：proactiveUK

[ˌprəʊ'æk.tɪv]

US

[ˌproʊ-]

adjective