（高考英语作文炼句）第6篇译文老师笔记

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第

6

天1.均衡完善的教育不仅有利于年轻人的职业前景,而且能提升他们的生活满意度.Awell-balancededucation

(1.均衡完善的教育)notonly

contributesto

(2.有利于)the

careerprospects

(3.职业前景)ofyoungadults,butalsoimprovetheir

lifesatisfaction(4.生活满意度).

1-well-balancededucationwell此处所取的含义是"adv-很好地、充分地”.

词典释义：well-balanced[ˌwel'bæl.əntst]

adjective

■containingamixtureofideas,people,etc.with

eachonebeingrepresentedequallyorfairly

平衡的;均衡的

•a

well-balanced

article结构非常合理的文章•a

well-balanced

team实力均衡的队伍■describesagroupoffoodswhichtogether

provideagoodrangeofthethingsyouneedtostayhealthy

营养搭配均衡的•a

well-balanced

meal/diet营养均衡的一餐／饮食■describessomeonewhoiscalmandreasonableand

whoshowsgoodjudgment

(人)稳重的;明智的•Dothesenurseriesproducethehappy,

well-balanced

childrenthatteachersandparentssaytheydo?这些幼儿园是否像那些老师和家长们说的那样能培养出快乐而发展全面的孩子?

外刊例句：Inotherwords,everywellbalancededucationshould

includeliteracy,numeracyandcreativelymakingthings.(TheTelegraph)

替换表达：a/anbalanced/well-rounded/all-roundeducation

学生错误表达：(1)abalancedandwell-roundededucation点评：balanced本身已经有包含well-rounded的含义,这里不用重复用词(2)equilibriumeducation点评：equilibrium是指不同的人、团体或势力之间相互竞争的平衡,均衡,不能用来修饰education,建议翻译的时候不要根据中文意思直译,多查查词典寻找合适的表达.(3)balancedandcomplete/overalleducation点评：complete/overalleducation表达过于生硬,可以查查词典中education的词条,寻找合适的修饰词.

2-contributeto注意contributeto后若跟动词,应是-ing形式.contributeto中性,好坏结果都可以放在其后.

词典释义：3.VERB

动词

促成;促使;是导致…的原因之一

Ifsomething

contributes

to

aneventorsituation,itisoneofthecauses

ofit.

【语法信息】：Vton

【语法信息】：V-ing•Thereportsaysdesignfaultsinboththevessels

contributedtothetragedy...报告说两艘船存在的设计缺陷也促成了这场悲剧的发生.

•Stress,bothhumanandmechanical,mayalsobea

contributingfactor.来自人的和机械方面的压力可能也是一个因素.

可供替换的表达：benefit/bebeneficialto

外刊例句：Ithopesthatgreaterawarenessofthemeritsofpotatoes

will

contributeto

theachievement

ofitsMillenniumDevelopmentGoals,byhelpingtoalleviatepoverty,improve

foodsecurityandpromoteeconomicdevelopment.

(The

Economist)

学生错误表达：(1)

beinfavorof点评：beinfavorof含义是"赞同,支持”,与语境不符.(2)

beconduciveto点评：beconducivetosomething是指环境有利于某事,比如an

atmospherethatisconducivetolearning,但是不能说A

well-balancededucationisconducivetocareerprospects,这里可以改为benefit.

3-careerprospectsprospects复数形式指"前景”,如发展前景、经济前景;prospect单数形式指"设想、将要发生的事情”.

词典释义：prospects

[plural]

■thepossibilityof

beingsuccessful,especiallyatwork

成功的机会;前景,前途

•She'shopingthecoursewillimproveher

career

prospects.她希望这门课能改善自己的事业前景.•Prospects

of/for

(=Opportunitiesfor)employmentremainbleakformost

peopleinthearea.该地区大多数人的就业前景还是很黯淡的.

外刊例句：Workingforherdoesnotcarrygood

careerprospects：manyofthosewhohavehelpedoutatherhome

inYangonarenowbehindbars.Thelatesttobedetainedareaccusedof

helpingtosmuggleoutvideotapesofMissSuuKyi.

(TheEconomist)

替换表达：jobprospects/careeroutlook

学生错误表达：(1)

careerforeground点评：foreground是指重要位置或照片的前景,不能与career搭配.(2)

vocationalprospective点评：prospective是指"很可能发生的”,不能与prospect混淆.

4-lifesatisfactionsatisfaction还常与job、customer搭配使用.

词典释义：satisfactionUK

[ˌsæt.ɪs'fæk.ʃən]

US

[ˌsætˌ-]

noun

countable

or

uncountable

apleasantfeelingwhichyougetwhenyoureceivesomethingyouwanted,or

whenyouhavedonesomethingyouwantedtodo

满足,满意

•Shelookedatthefinishedpainting

with

satisfaction.她满意地看着完成的画作.•Shederived/obtainedgreat

satisfaction

from/out

of

helpingotherpeople.她帮助别人,从中获得无比的满足.•Forme,

job

satisfaction

ismoreimportant

thanthemoney.对我来说,从工作中得到的满足比钱更重要.•She

had

the

satisfaction

of

knowing

thatshe'ddoneeverythingshecould.知道自己已经尽力了,她就没甚么遗憾了.

外刊例句：WefindthatGDPperheadaloneexplainssometwothirdsof

theinter-countryvariationin

life

satisfaction,andtheestimatedrelationshipislinear.

(The

Economist)

学生错误表达：(1)

lifehappiness点评：没有lifehappiness这个表达,应该改为lifesatisfaction(2)

levelofsatisfactionoflife点评：这里应该改为levelofsatisfactioninlife

Q：老师您好,"幸福感”要怎么用英文表达呢?A：可以说senseofhappiness

Q：词都知道,都认识,但是不知道如何能够成为完整的表达,例如awell-balancededucation,这个全部都认识,但是就是想不起来组合在一起成为"均衡完善的教育”的意思,我使用的是balancedandperfecteducation,词组织起来非常生硬,请问老师如何能够使用恰当的词组表达意思,词组的意思有没有什么好的字典去查?A：下次碰到这种情况时可以先查词典,看看词典里面有没有对应的词组.比如针对这个例子我们可以去查词典里面的education词条,看看有没有合适的搭配.还有一个是要靠平时的记忆,这个目前还没有捷径.

Q：education是不可数名词,可以用a修饰吗?A：可以.查朗文词典可以看到,里面有不少对应的搭配.

Q：请问careerprospects前为何要加定冠词the?A：因为后面有of

youngadults作为限定,此时careerprospects是特指,需要加the,如果没有ofyoungadults这个限定,就不能加the2.这所大学的设备可以媲美世界一流大学,但是它的师资和教学理念还有很多不足之处.

Thefacilitiesofthisuniversitycan

rival

(1.媲美)thoseoftheworld’s

first-class

(2.一流的)universities,butits

faculty(3.师资)and

educationalphilosophy

(4.教学理念)leavemuchtobedesired(5.……还有很多不足之处).

1-rivalrival作为名词,也是"势均力敌的敌手”之意,和动词一致.

词典释义：['raɪ.vəl]

verb

transitive

(-ll-

or

USUSUALLY

-l-)

■tobeasgood,clever,beautiful,etc.assomeoneor

somethingelse

可与…相媲美,比得上•Nocomputercan

rival

ahumanbrain

for/in

complexity.没有任何电脑比得上人脑复杂.•Thebeautyofthecountryisonly

rivalled

by(=isequalto)theviolenceofitspolitics.该国的美丽风光非同寻常,而其国内政治的残暴同样惊世骇俗.

外刊例句：ButSirChristopherWren'sdomewillsoonbe

rivalled

byaskyscraperdesignedby

NormanFoster,nicknamedthe"eroticgherkin”foritscurvaceousform.

(The

Economist)

替换表达：match/compete/parallel/comparewith

学生错误表达：(1)

betheequivalentof答疑：betheequivalentof含义是"等值,等同”,例如a

qualificationwhichisequivalenttoadegree相当于学位的资历,这里不能用来指"媲美”.(2)

outclass点评：outclass含义为"远远高出,远远超过(对手)”,在此用outclass表示"媲美”不妥.

2-first-classclass此处取的含义是"n-等级、分类”.

词典释义：adjective

EXCELLENT

出色的

出色的;优秀的;第一流的•She'smadeafirst-classjobofdecoratingtheliving

room.她把客厅装修得棒极了.

外刊例句：Until1962,England’s

first-class

cricketerswereformallydividedintotwocategories,gentlemenand

players—thenobswhocouldaffordtoplaycricketasamateurs,versus

working-classprofessionalswhoneededtobepaid.

(TheEconomist)

替换表达：world-class、prime

学生错误表达：(1)

prestigious点评：prestigious是指"有威望的,有声望的”,没有表达出"一流”的意思.(2)

superior点评：superior是指"更好的,更优的”,同样没有表达出"一流”的含义.

3-facultyfaculty指一个学校的全体教师,所以可以指"师资”.

词典释义：3.N-VAR

可变名词

(大学、学院或院系的)全体教员

A

faculty

isalltheteaching

staffofauniversityorcollege,orofonedepartment.

【搭配模式】：oftNn

【语域标签】：AM美•The

faculty

agreedonachangeintherequirements...全体教师一致同意修改规定.•Howcan

faculty

improvetheirteachingsoastoencourage

creativity?教师们如何才能改进教学以激发创造性呢?•...eminentStanford

faculty

members.声名显赫的斯坦福大学的教师们

外刊例句：Excellentuniversitiesneedexcellent

faculty,socompetitionforthemhasincreased.Amongthebig

markets,Australia,AmericaandCanadauniversitiesare(onaverage)thebest

payers,butsomeofthenewGulfemployersoffertwiceasmuch.

(The

Economist)

学生错误表达：(1)qualityofteachers点评：qualityofteachers是指教师的质量,而不是指师资.

4-educationalphilosophyphilosophy作为"理念、思想”的含义,常和economic、educational、management、political、religious搭配.

词典释义：thephilosophyofsth

■agroupof

theoriesandideasrelatedtotheunderstandingofaparticularsubject

(某学科的)多种理论思想•the

philosophy

ofeducation/religion/science教育／宗教／科学知识

外刊例句：Theheadmistressexplainedthatfindingsomethingto

celebrateineverystudentrepresentedherschool's

educationalphilosophy.(TheGuardian)

学生错误表达：(1)

teachingtheory点评：teachingtheory是指"教学理论”,与"教学理念”存在区别.

5-leavealot/something/muchtobedesired

是一个固定表达,含义是"还有很多不足”

leavealottobedesiredtobemuchworsethanyouwouldlike

还有很大改进余地,还有很大差距•Apparently,Meg'scookingleavesalottobedesired.显然,梅格的厨艺还有很大的改进余地.

外刊例句：Theimpositionofwesternreligiousdoctrinesthatdeemthe

process"unclean”thusexcludingthosewhomenstruatefromparticipatingin

societystillresonatestodayand

leaves

alottobedesired.(TheGuardian)

可供替换的表达：befarfromperfect

学生错误表达：(1)

stillhavemanyroughedges点评：roughedges是指一些无伤大雅的瑕疵,小毛病,用在语境中不合适.(2)

thereisstillmuchroom点评：后面应该补充完整thereisstillmuchroomforimprovement

Q：eavemuchtobedesired像这种短语可以从哪里查出来?大学设备facilities和equipment是不是可以通用?facilities从语义上和equipment并没有什么区别,那么如何区分这二者的用法呢?A：这种短语主要靠平时的积累,没有办法硬查出来.Facility是可数名词,equipment是不可数名词,equipment一般是指设备的总称.

3.尽管人们普遍持有的观点是电视节目没什么教育价值,但在某种意义上孩子可以通过观看新闻和纪录片开阔眼界.

Despitethe

widely-heldbelief

(1.人们普遍持有的观点)thatTVprogramsgenerallyhaveno

educativevalue(2.教育价值),

inasense

(3.在某种意义上)childrencan

broadentheirhorizons

(4.开阔眼界)bywatchingnewsanddocumentaries.

1-thewidely-heldbeliefwidely-held常和名词assumption、belief、perception、view搭配使用.

词典释义：UK

[həʊld]

US

[hoʊld]

verb

(held,

held)

BELIEVE

相信

transitivenotcontinuous

■tobelieveanideaoropinion

相信,确信•[+

to

infinitive]Smallamountsofalcoholareheld

to

begoodfortheheart.据信少量饮酒对心脏有好处.•Yousoldittome,soifitbreaksI'll

hold

you

responsible

(=makeyoutakeresponsibility).是你把它卖给我,所以如果坏了你得负责.

外刊例句：Theresultsdemolish

the

widelyheldbeliefthat

regularuseofbrain-traininggamesimproves

generalcognitivefunction.(TheGuardian)

替换表达：Theprevalentviewisthat...

2-educativevalueeducational是"与教育有关的”,用在这里也是可以的;而educative强调的是教育最终的"产出”,也就是最后能够达到教育意义的.也可以参考https：///educational-vs-educative/.

词典释义：educativeUK

['ed.jʊ.kə.tɪv]

US

[-keɪ.tˌɪv]

adjective

■providingeducation

有教育作用(或意义)的;有教益的

•Veryfewactivitiesatthisagehaveno

educative

valueatall.这个年龄阶段上,参加甚么活动几乎都是有教育意义的.•...the

educative

valueofallowingbroadcastersintotheir

courts.允许电视台进入他们的审判庭所具有的教育意义

外刊例句：DespitethehypeaboutinteractiveTV'sabilitytobridge

thedigitaldivideandthe

educative

value

ofsomechannels,thetruthisthatdigitalTVisjustmoretelly,

and,assuch,unlikelytomakeBritonseitherclevererorricher.

(The

Economist)

替换表达：educationalvalue

学生错误表达：(1)

educationvalue点评：educationvalue应该改为educationalvalue

3-inasense

词典释义：inasense

(also

inonesense)

thinkingabout

somethinginoneway,butnotineveryway

从某种意义上讲

•Sheclaimsthatthesystemisatfaultandshe'sright,in

a

sense

(=sheispartlyright),itcouldbeimproved.她主张现行制度有问题,从某种意义上说,她是对的,现行制度确有改进的空间.

外刊例句：Inasense,thisisa

goldenageforfreespeech.Yoursmartphonecancallupnewspapersfromthe

othersideofworldinseconds.Morethanabilliontweets,Facebookposts

andblogupdatesarepublishedeverysingleday.Anyonewithaccesstothe

internetcanbeapublisher,andanyonewhocanreachWikipediaentersa

digitalhavenwhereAmerica’sFirstAmendmentreigns.

(The

Economist)

替换表达：insomesense/inonesense/insomeways/tosomedegree

学生错误表达：(1)

insomeextent点评：这里介词使用有误,应该是tosomeextent

4-broadenthehorizonshorizon主要指"知识、经验、兴趣”方面的眼界.用复数形式.

词典释义：UK

['brɔ：.dən]

US

['brɑ：-]

verb

MOREGENERAL

拓展

transitive

■toincreasethe

rangeofsomething

扩展,拓宽•They'veintroducedallsortsofnewelementstothat

programmeinorderto

broaden

its

appeal.他们已经给那个节目加入了各种新元素以增强其吸引力.•Ihopedthatgoingtouniversitymight

broaden

my

horizons

(=increasetherangeofmyknowledgeandexperience).我希望上大学能使我增长见识.

外刊例句：Thereisnothinglikestudyingoverseasto

broaden

your

horizons,nottomentionyourCV.Employersareincreasingly

lookingonforeignlanguageskillsandfamiliaritywithdifferentculturesas

adifferentiatorwhenitcomestopotentialemployees.

(TheGuardian)

学生错误表达：(1)

opentheireyes点评：openyoureyestosomething含义是"接受某事物”,与"开阔眼界”不同.

Q：老师,用areofnoneeducativevalue取代havenoeducativevalue好不好,哪个更好一些?A：两个都可以,不过areofnoneeducativevalue应该改为areofnoeducativevalue

Q：例句为什么没有一一对应翻译"记录片”?A：documentaries就有纪录片的意思.

Q：翻译中的generally与widely-held

belief是不是有点重复?A：不重复,widely-heldbelief是强调人们普遍持有的观点,generally是强调电视节目普遍没有教育价值,两者侧重点不同.4.很多毕业生最终选择与他们专业不对口的工作,这是因为他们在大学学习的东西与就业市场的需求不匹配.Manygraduates

endup

(1.最终)injobs

unrelatedto

(2.与……不相关)theirmajors,andthatisbecausewhattheyhavelearntincollegedoesnot

match

(3.匹配)thedemandsof

thejobmarket(4.就业市场).

1-endupendup指"以……而告终”,后跟现在分词、过去分词、介词短语(常用介词with,in,

as,by,at)、副词短语、名词短语.

词典释义：2.PHRASALVERB

短语动词

最终;结果;到头来

Ifyou

endup

doingsomethingor

endup

inaparticularstate,youdothat

thingorgetintothatstateeventhoughyoudidnotoriginallyintendto.

【语法信息】：VP

-ing

【语法信息】：VP

prep/adv

【语法信息】：VP

n1.

•Ifyoudon'tknow

whatyouwant,youmight

endup

getting

somethingyoudon'twant...如果你不知道自己想要什么,到头来你可能得非所愿.2.

•Everytimethey

wentdancingtheyendedupinabadmood...每次他们去跳舞,都会不欢而散.3.

•Shecouldhave

endedupamillionairess.

她本可以成为百万富婆的.

外刊例句：He

endedup

trappedintobackingabillthat,accordingtotheCBO,wouldhelptheyoung

andhealthyandsendcostssky-rocketingforsomeofMrTrump’smostloyal

supporters,startingwiththeoldandthoseinruralareas.(TheEconomist)

替换表达：windup

学生错误表达：

(1)

Finally点评：endup带有"最终结果与原来预期的不一致”这一层意思,而finally只是指"最终”.这里用endup更加合适.

2-unrelatedto

词典释义：1.ADJ-GRADED

能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词

没关联的;没联系的

Ifonethingis

unrelatedto

another,thereisnoconnection

betweenthem.Youcanalsosaythattwothingsare

unrelated.

【搭配模式】：oft

ADJton1.

•Mylineofwork

isentirely

unrelated

topolitics...我的职业与政治完全无关.2.

•Twoofthemdied

fromapparently

unrelated

causes.他们中的两个人死因明显不同.

外刊例句：Althoughadoctorateisdesignedastrainingforajobin

academia,thenumberofPhDpositionsis

unrelated

to

thenumberofjobopenings.(TheEconomist)

替换表达：havenothingtodowith/beirrelevantto/bearnorelationto

学生错误表达：(1)

notcorrespondto/notbealignedwith/notin

linewith点评：这几个短语表达的是"与……不相对应”的意思,与原句意思有区别.(2)

notmatchedwith点评：match这里是"相匹配”的意思,与原句意思有区别.

3-matchmatch作为"匹配”,有达到某种标准或质量、与……相符合的含义.

词典释义：5.V-RECIP-ERG

与…配对;与…匹配

Ifonething

matches

another,theyareconnectedorsuiteachotherinsomeway.1.

•Thestudentsare

askedto

match

thebookswith

theauthors...要求学生把书籍与作者对应起来.2.

•Wewilltryto

match

youtoemployers

withthevacanciesyouarelookingfor...我们会争取为你找到提供你所需职位的用人单位.3.

•Itcantaketime

andeffortto

match

buyersand

sellers...给买卖双方牵线可能需要一些时间和工夫.4.

•Thesalewould

onlygoaheadifthenameandnumber

matched...只有名称与数目吻合,才能进行销售.5.

•Picturesofroad

signsare

matchedwiththeir

HighwayCodemeanings.道路标志图是同公用通道法规一致的.

外刊例句：InCanadasuchimmigrantsarefreetomovearoundoncethey

haveearnedpermanentresidency,butsincetheprovincestendtopick

migrantswhoseskills

matchlocal

demand,moststayput.(TheEconomist)

替换表达：fitinwithdemand

学生错误表达：(1)

equal

to点评：beequalto含义是"胜任某事