（高考英语作文炼句）第5篇译文老师笔记

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第

5

天1.和远程学习相比,传统教学方法能够加强师生间的关系,因为传统教学方法有更多的互动.Incontrastto

distancelearning(1.远程学习),

traditionalteachingmethods

(2.传统教学方法)cementthelink

(3.加强关系)betweenteachersandstudentsbecausetherearemore

interactions(4.互动).

1-distance

learningdistance

learning是远程学习的固定表达.

外刊例句：Theideathat

distance-learning

programmesarein

somewaythe"poorrelation”oftheMBA,particularlycomparedwithfull-time

programmes,isnolongertenable.(TheEconomist)

替换词：distance

education/onlinelearning/onlinecourses

学生错误表达：(1)

distant

learning点评：distance

learning是一个固定表达,不能写成distantlearning(2)

remote

education点评：remote与education不能搭配(3)

online

course点评：应该改为online

courses

2-traditional

teachingmethodstraditional是比较广义的"传统”,指一代代传下来的习俗、行为、模式、思想等;teaching

methods和methodsofteaching的表达都可以.

外刊例句：Thisreversalof

the

traditionalteachingmethods—with

lecturingdoneoutsideclasstimeandtutoring(or"homework”)duringit—is

whatMrKhancalls"theflip”.(TheEconomist)

学生错误表达：(1)

traditional

pedagogy点评：pedagogy是指"教育学”(thestudyofthemethodsandactivitiesofteaching),与"教学方法”不同.(2)

traditional

teachingapproach点评：traditional

teachingapproach应该改为复数形式traditionalteaching

approaches

3-

cementthelinkcement作为名词的含义是"水泥”,作为动词"加强、巩固”的含义也就不难理解了.

词典释义：

[sɪ'ment]

verb

transitive

巩固

tomakesomethingsuchasanagreementor

friendshipstronger

加强,巩固(协议或友谊)

•Theuniversity'sexchangeschemehas

cemented

itslinkswithmanyotheracademicinstitutions.这所大学的交流计划加强了它与许多其他学术机构的联系.

外刊例句：

JamesBondhas

donemorethananyonetocementthelinkbetweenmodernarchitectureandevil

masterminds–IanFlemingevennamedoneofhisbaddiesafterhisarchitect

neighbour,ErnoGoldfinger–butHollywoodingeneralhasdonethesame.(The

Guardian)

替换词：strengthen/improve/foster

relationship/linkbetweenAandB

学生错误表达：(1)

enhance

theties点评：一般说法是strengthen

theties,没有enhancetheties这个表达.(2)

sharpen

teacher-studentrelation点评：这里存在两处问题.当要谈及人与人之间的关系时,应该说arelationship,而不是arelation,Hehasavery

goodrelationwithhiscolleagues.

应该改为

Hehasaverygood

relationship

withhiscolleagues.这里teacher-studentrelation应该改为teacher-studentrelationship;relationship不能与sharpen搭配,这里可以改为strengthenteacher-student

relationship

4-interactionsinteraction除了指人与人之间的"交流”互动外,还可以指相互联系、相互影响、相互作用.

外刊例句：

Networkslike

TwitterandFacebookreducethecostofminor

interactions,whichleadstomoreminor

interactions.MrGladwellseesthisandnotestheriseinminorinteractions

betweenthousandsof

quasi-friends.Whathemissesisthatrepeatedminoractionsarealsothe

meansbywhichstrongerrelationshipsarekeptstrong.(TheEconomist)

学生错误表达：(1)

reaction点评：reaction含义是"(对事情的)反应”,与"互动”不同.

Q：请问because之前的逗号是不是可用可不用都行?A：是的,但如果because后面的句子太长,前面可以使用逗号隔开.

Q：您好老师,请问compare如果要使用在句子里的话,是comparing还是compared?放在句子的开头.A：看主语与compare的关系,属被动关系就用compared,举个例子,Comparedtooursmallflat,

Bill’shouseseemedlikeapalace.这个句子可以还原为When

Bill’shouseiscomparedtooursmallflat,Bill’shouseseemedlikea

palace.此时Bill’s与compare是被动关系,所以应该使用compared

Q：译文中的becausetherearemore

interactions为什么是用名词表示作为形容词来说不应该是moreinteractive吗?A：系动词be后可以接名词,不是只能跟形容词的,比如Iamastudent.

Q：incontrastto与incontrastwith是否可以互换?A：可以互换,可以查看朗文词典contrast词条的说明.

Q：because和as有什么区别?A：as和

because都可以表示"因为”.because最常用,往往用来回答以why开头的疑问句.as经常用于书面语中,可以代替because引导原因从句.如：anoteaboutThe

NationalPortraitGallery,astheword‘Gallery’canbemisleading(对TheNationalPortrait

Gallery的注释,因为Gallery一词易产生歧义).

2.老师不仅要向学生传授知识和发展他们的学术技能,还要培养他们形成健康的人生观.

Teachersshouldnotonly

impartknowledgetotheirstudentsand

developtheiracademicskills(1.发展学术技能),butalsohelpthem

shapeahealthyoutlookonlife(2.培养健康的人生观).

1-

notonly...but

also...notonly...but

also...对应"不仅……而且……”,使用时可以连接名词短语、动词短语或形容词短语,也可以连接句子;also也可以省略.

例句：

Theworld’s

elitespeaksEnglish,souniversitiesaroundtheworldare

notonly

teachingEnglish,

but

increasingly,teachingin

English.(TheEconomist)

可供替换的表达：not

just

2-impart

knowledgeimpartAtoB意为"向A传授B”

外刊例句：

Clearlylecture

basedlearningwastheonlywayto

impart

knowledge

ongroupsofstudents.Gutenberginventedmovabletypein1439.

Forthefirsttimethecreationofbooksbecamemechanised.Sixhundredyears

onweareintheageoflaptops,e-Books,digitalvideo,videoconferencing,

chatandtheglobalInternet.(TheEconomist)

学生错误表达：(1)

instruct

knowledge点评：当instruct取"教授,指导”的含义时,常见搭配是instructsomebodyinsomething,比如Greater

effortisneededtoinstructchildreninroadsafety.没有instructknowledge的说法.(2)

transfer

knowledge点评：transfer是"转移;转账”的意思,没有transferknowledge的说法.

3-develop

academicskillsdevelop作为"培养、发展”强调过程性,之前我们学习到develop

intelligence(开发智力);academicskills是"学术技能”的固定表达.

外刊例句：Peopleshould

developskills

thatcomplement,

ratherthancompetewithcomputers,suchasideagenerationandcomplex

communication.Policymakersshouldimprovebasiceducation,pourmoneyinto

infrastructureandbasicresearch,admitmoreskilledimmigrants,andshift

theburdenoftaxesfromwagestoconsumption.(TheEconomist)

替换词：develop

scholasticskills/studyskills

学生错误表达：(1)

develop

scienceskills点评：没有science

skills的说法,这里可以改为academicskills(2)

develop

professionalskills点评：professional

skills是"专业技能”,与"学术技能”不同.(3)

develop

theacademicalskills点评：没有academical这个单词,这里应该改为academic

4-shapea

healthyoutlookonlifeshape作为动词"使形成”,既可以是形成某种形状,也可以形成某种思想、观念、信仰;outlookon是"对于……的观念或态度”.

外刊例句：Havingthis

healthyoutlookonlife

isjustas

well,becauseinthiscareer-wreckingshambles,Stalloneappearstoconflate

hisownlifewiththatofhismostfamouson-screencharactertosuchan

extentyoucan'treallytellifit'sRockyorSlywhoisspoutingabouthow

heusedtobeacontender.(TheGuardian)

可供替换的表达：have

apositiveattitudetolife

学生错误表达：(1)

develop

ahealthyvalueviewoflife点评：value

view为生造表达,这里可以改为outlook(2)

build/

establishahealthyphilosophyoflife点评：philosophy是指"人生哲理”,与outlook有所区别(3)

build

arightoutlookonlife点评：outlook一般不与build搭配,outlook的常见搭配为haveanoutlook/givesomebodyanoutlook/changesomebody’soutlook

Q：shall和

should除了时态有不同外,其他的区别在哪里?A：shall可以用于下达命令或者以第一人称征求意见,比如Youshalldropthatgun./ShallImakeyousomecoffee?should可以表示推测语气,比如Sheshouldarrivesoon.(她应该快要到了.)或者是表示"万一”,比如Shouldyourequirehelp,justask.(如果你需要帮助,尽管说)

Q：这里用cultivate作为培养的意思会不会比单纯的用help使得句子更加多样化呢.butalsoshouldcultivate

themtoshapeahealthyoutlookonlife.A：没有cultivatesomebodytodo

something的表达,这里不建议使用中文的思维直接去构造句子,应该按照英文的常见搭配来.

Q：个人认为用theresponsibilitiesofteachers

作主语,比直接用teachers作主语更合适,想听听老师的看法.A：英文写作应该遵守简洁的原则,使用the

responsibilitiesofteachers作主语虽然在语法上没问题,但还是不够简洁,不推荐使用.

3.大学文凭不再是好工作的敲门砖——终身学习技能和人际交往技巧也是必备条件.Universitydegrees

(1.大学文凭)arenolonger

asteppingstoneto

(2.……的敲门砖)adecentjob–

lifelonglearningskills

(3.终身学习技能)and

interpersonalskills

(4.人际交往技巧)arealsorequired.

1-University

degrees由于这里泛指,用university

degrees或者auniversitydegree均可.

外刊例句：Isa

universitydegree

agoodinvestment?

Manypotentialstudentsareaskingthequestion,especiallyincountries

wherethepriceofadegreeisrising,asaresultoffallinggovernment

subsidies.

替换词：a

collegediploma

学生错误表达：(1)

college

certification点评：certification是指"证书”,比如教师证书,签署证书等,与"文凭”不同.

2-astepping

stonetoasteppingstone本意是"垫脚石”,后跟to/towards.

词典释义：

aneventorexperiencethathelpsyou

achievesomethingelse

进身之阶;敲门砖,垫脚石;跳板•Iseethisjobjustasasteppingstone

to

betterthings.我只不过把这份工作当作找到更好工作的垫脚石.

外刊例句Inrealityitis

adeadendthatthoseinterestedinbuildingastrongandgenuinemonetary

unionshoulduseas

asteppingstone

topromotearealbudgetfortheeuroareaandarevampofitseconomic

governance.(TheEconomist)

替换词：an

entryticketto/apassportto/opensesame(A

universitydegreeisn’talwaysanopensesametoagoodjob.)

学生错误表达：(1)

knocking

brick点评：中式表达

3-lifelong

learningskillslifelong

learning是"终身学习”的固定表达.

外刊例句：Hepointstolow

crimeratesasevidenceoftheirsuperiorvaluesandinsiststhatintensive

Jewishstudiesatanearlyageinstill

lifelong

learningskills

thatallowharedimtoeasilypickupprofessionslaterin

life.(DailyMail)

学生错误表达：(1)

perpetual

learningskills点评：perpetual

learningskills为生造表达,这里应该用lifelonglearningskills(2)

lifelong

studyskills点评：learn与study不同,study更加强调深入的学习、研究,这里应该使用固定说法lifelonglearningskills

4-interpersonal

skillsinter-意为"互相的、在……之间的”,常和communication、conflict、relationship、skill等名词搭配使用.

词典释义：

interpersonalUK

[ˌɪn.tə'pɜ：.sən.əl]

US

[-tˌɚ'pɝ：-]

adjective

connectedwithrelationshipsbetweenpeople

人际的•Thesuccessfulapplicantwillhave

excellent

interpersonal

skills.成功的申请人应具有出色的人际交往技巧.

外刊例句：

Overthenext

fewdecadesdemandinthetoplayerofthelabourmarketmaywellcentreon

individualswithhighabstractreasoning,creative,and

interpersonalskills

thatarebeyondmostworkers,including

graduates.(TheEconomist)

替换词：social

skills/theabilitytogetalongwithothers

学生错误表达：(1)

interpersonal

communicationskills点评：interpersonal

skills本身已经包含有communication的含义,因此不用重复用词.

Q：degree和diploma感觉二者应该也可以互换,另外不明白为什么要用复数,是因为要表示整体?A：这里使用auniversitydegree或者acollegediploma都可以.使用复数是因为degree是可数名词单数,不能单独使用,必须使用复数形式或者加限定词.

4.各地区的教学水准差异很大,来自落后地区的学生可能很难跟上他们在城市的同龄人.Educationalstandards(1.教学水准)

varywidely

(2.差异很大)fromoneregiontoanother,andstudentsfrom

backwardareas

(3.落后地区)mightstruggleto

catchupwith

(4.跟上)theirpeersinthecity.

1-Educational

standardsstandard除了常见的作为参考的"标准”的含义,也有"水平、质量”的含义.

外刊例句：

TheCommonCore

educationalstandards

havebecomeso

politicallyfraughtthatitiseasytoforgetwhysomanystatesdecidedto

adopttheminthefirstplace.(TheEconomist)

替换词：the

quality/calibreofteaching

2-varywidelyvarywidely后边跟"地点”时,介词常为across/between/from

AtoA/fromoneAtoanother

外刊例句：

Attitudesto

e-cigarettes,andthedegreeofregulationtheyface,

varywidely

fromonecountrytoanother.AustriaandNewZealand

classifythemasmedicaldevicesandrestricttheirsale;Australia,Brazil,

LebanonandSingaporehavebannedthemoutright.(TheEconomist)

替换词：varyto

alargedegree/considerably/greatly

3-backward

areasbackward：notadvanced落后的

词典释义：

backwardUK

['bæk.wəd]

US

[-wɚd]

adjective

迟缓

notadvanced

落后的;迟缓的;愚钝的

•Whenhewasachild,histeachersthought

hewas

backward

(=unabletolearnasmuchasmostchildren).小时候,老师认为他愚笨迟钝.•Peoplestillthinkofitasa

backward

country/region/area(=onewithoutindustryormodernmachines).人们仍然认为这是一个落后的国家／地区.

外刊例句：

Debatehas

startedtoemergeinChinaaboutwhetherthepartyhasbeenusingtheright

methodstobringprosperityto

backward

provinces.(TheEconomist)

替换词：undeveloped

/poorareas

学生错误表达：(1)

behindhand

region点评：behindhand是指"拖欠,拖拉”,不能用来形容地区.

4-catchupwithcatchupwith可以表示在质量、水平方面赶上、超越.

词典释义：

toreachthesamequalityorstandardas

someoneorsomethingelse

达到同样品质(或水准);赶上•WillWesternindustryever

catch

up

with

Japaneseinnovations?

西方国家的工业会赶上日本的创新吗?•Hewasoffschoolforawhileandis

find