适用于新教材2025版高考英语一轮总复习Unit4ScientistsWhoChangedtheWorld牛津译林版必修第三册

必修第三册Unit4Ⅰ.阅读理解IgorSikorskywasbornonMay25th,1889.Sikorskydevelopedaninterestinnaturalscienceinhisyouth.HebeganstudyingattheSaintPetersburgMaritimeCadetCorpsattheageof14.In1906,hedecidedthathisfuturelayinengineering,sohelefttostudyinParis.In1907,hereturnedhometocompletehisstudiesattheMechanicalCollegeofKyivPolytechnicInstitute.Ayearlater,onatriptoGermanywithhisfather,helearnedoftheachievementsoftheWrightBrothersandFerdinandvonZeppelin’sairships.Sikorskylatersaidaboutthis:“Withintwenty-fourhours,I’ddecidedtopursueaviation.”Sikorskythenstartedhisworkondesigningahelicopter.Thefirsttwoattemptsfailedin1909and1910,sohestoppedandturnedtofixed-wingaircraft(飞行器).Hisfirstattempt,theS-1,alsofailed.Buthissecondattempt,theS-2,wasasuccess.Hecontinuedtodevelophisknowledgetoimprovehisairplanemodels.Duringthistime,healsogothispilot’slicense(执照).Hisfifthplane,theS-5,wonhimnationalattention.Hissixthplane,theS-6-A,wonhimthehighestawardatthe1912MoscowAviationExhibition.Hebuiltthefirstfour-engineplanein1913.Tocontinuetoseekhisdream,SikorskywenttotheUnitedStatesin1919,wherehebeganteachingmathematics.HeworkeddayandnightandsavedenoughmoneytoestablishhisownaviationcompanyonLongIslandin1923.ThecompanydidprettywellbutSikorskywasdreamingbig.Allthistime,hisdreamofbuildingahelicopterhadjustgrownbiggerandheneverstoppedwritingdownhisdesignsandideas.In1939,hisdreamcametrue.SikorskyfinallycompletedtheVS-300andpiloteditsfirstflighthimself.ItwasthefirstsuccessfulhelicopteroftheUnitedStatesandby1940servedasthemodelforallsingle-rotor(单旋翼)helicopters.Sikorsky’sworkcontributedgreatlytotheaviationindustryandhewasrecognizedasthefatherofhelicoptersbecauseofhispioneeringdesigns.Heofficiallyretiredin1957,buthecontinuedtoworkasaconsultant(顾问)untilhisdeathin1972attheageof83.1.WhatdidIgorSikorskydoafteratripin1908?A.Hemadeengineeringhismajor.B.HemovedfromFrancetoGermany.C.Hedecidedtochangehislife’swork.D.Hereturnedhometocontinuehisstudies.2.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.IgorSikorsky’scontinuoushardwork.B.ThelifelessonsIgorSikorskylearned.C.ThereasonsforIgorSikorsky’spastfailures.D.IgorSikorsky’sattemptstodesignhelicopters.3.Whathappenedinthe1930s?A.IgorSikorsky’shelicopterwasasuccess.B.IgorSikorskyreceivedhispilot’slicense.C.IgorSikorsky’sowncompanywassetup.D.IgorSikorskybecameamathematicsteacher.4.WhatdoesthestoryofIgorSikorskyinspirepeopletodo?A.Tofacedangerfearlessly.B.Totreasurewhattheyhave.C.Toseekhelpfromothers.D.Tosticktotheirdreams.Ⅱ.七选五(2024广东汕尾调研)Throughoutourlives,wehavebeentoldtotakecareofourphysicalhealth.Butwhatisoftenignoredismentalhealth.That’swhyWorldMentalHealthDaywascreated.1.

WhenisWorldMentalHealthDay?WorldMentalHealthDayisonOctober10th.Thoughthereisonespecificdateforit,itisoftentimescelebratedandobservedoverthecourseofaweek.2,itallowsmorepeopletoknowabouttheimportanceofmentalhealthanditeducatesthepublicaboutthe“why”,“how”and“what”ofmentalhealth.

WhatisthehistoryofWorldMentalHealthDay?3.Whenitfirststarted,thedayhadnotheme,butinsteadwasanexcuseformedicalworkerstoeducatethepubliconwhatwasnotalwaysopenlydiscussed—whatmentalhealthisandtheissuesthatsurroundit.Mentalhealthaffectseverythingfromouremotionalstatetoourphysicalstate,andeverythinginbetween.Inthefirstfewyears,organizersusuallyhostedagloballivebroadcast,leadingtolivetelephoneparticipationfromallovertheworld.

4?

Youcanvolunteerinordonatesomemoneytomentalhealthservicestoimprovethelivelihoodsofpeoplestrugglingwithmentalillnesses.Besides,toooftenwearetoobusytoslowdownandtakeabreath.Ifyoutakeamentalhealthday,youaregivingyourselfthespacetogrowandtakecareofyourmentalhealth.Lastly,youshouldcheckonyourfriends.Goforawalkwiththemorhaveanextendedphoneconversationifyouarefaraway.5.

A.WhymentalhealthissoimportantB.HowtoobserveWorldMentalHealthDayC.BycelebratingitinaweekinsteadofadayD.IfwevaluetheimportanceofmentalhealthE.ThefirstWorldMentalHealthDaybeganin1992F.Inthisarticle,let’sexploreWorldMentalHealthDayG.YoumightbesurprisedathowmuchyoucanhelpthemrelaxⅢ.语法填空(2024山东泰平安真模拟)The9thdayofthe9thlunarmonthisthetraditionalChongyangFestival,orDoubleNinthFestival.It1.(normal)fallsinOctoberintheGregoriancalendar.Onthisday,peoplelikeeatingDoubleNinthGao(orCake).InChinese,gao(cake)hasthesame2.(pronounce)withgao(height).Peopledosojusttohopeforprogressineverythingtheyareengagedin.Asamatteroffact,thereareno3.(fix)waysfortheDoubleNinthcake,butsupercakeshaveasmanyasninelayers,lookinglikeatower.

TheDoubleNinthFestivalisalsoatime4.thechrysanthemum(菊花)blooms.Chinaboastsdiversifiedspeciesofchrysanthemumandpeoplehavelovedthemsinceancienttimes.Soenjoyingtheflourishingchrysanthemumalsobecomes5.essentialactivityinthisfestival.Also,peopleusuallydrinkchrysanthemumwine.Womenused6.(stick)suchaflowerintotheirhairorhangitsbranchesonwindowsordoorstoavoidevilness.

In1989,theChinesegovernmentdecidedtheDoubleNinthFestival7.Seniors’Day.Sincethen,allgovernmentunits,organizationsandstreetcommunities8.(organize)ayearlyautumntripforthosewhohaveretiredfromtheir9.(post).Atthewatersideoronthemountains,theseniorsfind10.(they)inharmonywithnature.Youngergenerationsalwaysbringelderonestosuburbanareasorsendgiftstothemonthisday.

Ⅳ.读后续写阅读下面材料,依据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。(2024河北衡水二模)Iwasfouryearsoldin1993,whenmyfamilyemigrated(移民)fromtheUnitedArabEmiratestoToronto.Youngenoughtobechangedbymynewhome,butoldenoughtoknowIwasdifferentfromeveryonearoundme.IwastheonlyArabandonlyMusliminmyjuniorkindergartenclass.Beyondthoseobviousdifferences,Canadianlifeprovedtobequitedistinctinotherways.AndIdiscoveredanothersurprisethatDecember.Overnight,everythingwassuddenlycoveredinredandgreen.Myclassmatestalkedexcitedlyaboutcookiesandwhatgiftsthey’daskedSantaforthatChristmas.Atsomepoint,Imusthaveaskedmyself,“WhatisChristmas?”There’snothingquitelikeitintheMuslimworld.TheclosestcomparisonmightbeEidal-Adha,whichtranslatesfromArabicto“Festivalofsacrifice”.Whilebothholidaysshowthesamespiritofsharingwiththelessfortunateandspendingtimewithlovedones,Eidmeantnewclothesandafamilydinner.Andthatwasaboutit.Notreedecoratedwithornaments(装饰物),andnogiftscoveredinwrappingpaper.Christmaswascompletelyforeigntome,butthenmyparentsunexpectedlyinformedmethatSantawouldbepayingusavisitonChristmasEve.“Butaren’tweMuslim?”Iasked.“Yes,butSantalovesallchildrenequallyandgetsthemallgifts,”mymotherreplied.SoonthatfirstChristmasEveinCanada,shehungoversizedredandwhitestockings,eachonecustomizedwithournames,offourbedposts.IhaveadistinctmemoryoftherestlessexpectationthatkeptmeawakelongafterbedtimeandmyjoywhenIgotuponChristmasmorningtofindmystockingfilledwithgifts.Stillinmypyjamas(睡衣),IranovertothekitchentotellmyparentsthatSantahadindeedvisiteduslastnight.Iaskedifthey’dseenhim,andMomsaid,“Ofcourse!”MomofferedSantaacupofcoffee,asistheArabcustomwhenhostingguests.Heneededtheenergyforthelongnightahead,shetoldme.WhenIreturnedtoschoolaftertheholidays,Ihadastorytosharewithmyclassmates.Santahadvisitedmetoo!Icouldshowoffgiftswhileotherkidsshowedofftheirs.留意:续写词数应为150左右。MyparentskeptourChristmastraditiongoingforyears,untilIwastoooldtobelieveinSantaanymore.

Asanadult,I’vecometorealizecreatingasenseofbelongingisjoiningintraditions.

参考答案必修第三册Unit4Ⅰ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲解并描述在直升机设计领域做出开创性贡献的科学家伊戈尔·西科斯基的故事。1.C细微环节理解题。依据第一段中的“In1906,hedecidedthathisfuturelayinengineering”和“In1907,hereturnedhometocompletehisstudiesattheMechanicalCollegeofKyivPolytechnicInstitute.”以及其次段的“Ayearlater,onatriptoGermanywithhisfather”和“Withintwenty-fourhours,I’ddecidedtopursueaviation.”可知,1908年伊戈尔·西科斯基在那次旅行之后便把他的幻想从机械工程改成了航空。2.A主旨大意题。依据第三段内容可知,本段主要呈现了伊戈尔·西科斯基在设计飞行器方面所作出的不懈努力。3.A细微环节理解题。依据第五段中的“In1939hisdreamcametrue.SikorskyfinallycompletedtheVS-300andpiloteditsfirstflighthimself.”可知,伊戈尔·西科斯基想要设计直升机的幻想在1939年实现,最终完成了VS-300并亲自驾驶进行了首飞。由此可知,20世纪30年头,IgorSikorsky设计的直升机取得了胜利。4.D推理推断题。依据第三段和第五段中的“In1939hisdreamcametrue.SikorskyfinallycompletedtheVS-300andpiloteditsfirstflighthimself.”可知,伊戈尔·西科斯基幻想制造直升机,尽管经验多次失败,他却从未放弃,并持续不断努力,最终取得胜利。由此可推知,他的故事激励人们坚持自己的幻想。Ⅱ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。我们始终被提示要留意身体健康,但是我们常常忽视了精神卫生,文章主要介绍了“世界精神卫生日”的来历及其他细微环节。1.F第一段从身体健康引出精神健康的重要性,上文“That’swhyWorldMentalHealthDaywascreated.”承上启下,引出下文,F项“在这篇文章中,让我们来探讨一下世界精神卫生日”符合语境。2.C设空处前的句子“itisoftentimescelebratedandobservedoverthecourseofaweek”指出,虽然世界精神卫生日被设立在固定的一天,但是相关活动常常持续一周,C项“用一周而不是一天来庆祝”承接上文,并引出下一句话。3.E该段的小标题为“WhatisthehistoryofWorldMentalHealthDay?”因此本段在阐述世界精神卫生日的历史。E项的“第一个世界精神卫生日始于1992年”符合段意,并且与下一句“Whenitfirststarted”吻合。4.B设空处是小标题,是本段的主题句。从本段文句里列举的在这一天我们能做的事情和活动可知,本段主题是如何庆祝世界精神卫生日。结合选项可知,B项“如何庆祝世界精神卫生日”符合语境。5.G结合设空处的前面两句“Lastly,youshouldcheckonyourfriends.Goforawalkwiththemorhaveanextendedphoneconversationifyouarefaraway.”可知,设空处须要总结关切挚友的精神健康能给挚友带来的好处。G项“你可能会惊异于你能在多大程度上帮助他们放松”符合语境。Ⅲ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是中国的重阳节。1.normally考查词性转换。空格处修饰动词falls用副词形式,故填nunciation考查词性转换。same是形容词,修饰名词,故填pronunciation。3.fixed考查词性转换。空格处修饰名词ways用形容词作定语,故填fixed。4.when考查定语从句。分