跨 文化交际礼仪-Chapter Five Cross-c

ChapterFiveCross-cultureCommunicationEtiquette跨文化交际礼仪EuropeanCountries欧洲国家AmericanCountries美洲国家OceanianCountries大洋洲国家目录CONTENTSAsianCountries亚洲国家AfricanCountries非洲国家1Haveacommandoftheetiquettesandtabooofsomemajorcountries2Handlesomeproblemsituationsincross-culturalbusinesssetting3Cultivatethecross-culturalawarenesswhendoingbusinessgloballyObjectives（学习目标）Afteryouhavestudiedthischapter,youshouldbeabletoTestyourselfThe“OK”sign,formedbymakingacircleofthethumbandindexfingerisusedtoshowapproval.02Yes□No□PunctualityishighlyvaluedinthesouthernregionssuchasSpainorPortugal,whilestandardsarelooserforScandinavians，Germans,Britons,andothernorthernpeople.01Yes□No□InFrance,meetingsaretodiscussissues,nottomakedecisions.

03Yes□No□Basedonyourunderstandingofbusinessetiquette,judgethefollowingsituationsanddiscussingroups.04BusinesscardsareinfrequentlydistributedintheUSandarenotusuallyexchangedunlessyouwishtocontactthepersonatalaterdate.Yes□No□Nosmoking

during

Ramadan.

Foreigners

atthistimecannot

smokeinfrontof

the

locals;

otherwiseitwouldcausegreatresentment.05Yes□No□TestyourselfBasedonyourunderstandingofbusinessetiquette,judgethefollowingsituationsanddiscussingroups.EuropeanCountries欧洲国家PartI1.BriefintroductiontoEuropeTimeandspaceTimeandspaceAsyoumovefromthenorthofEuropetothesouth,themostobviousdifferencesinmannersconcerntimeandspace.Scandinavians,Germans,Britons,andothernorthernpeopleplaceaveryhighvalueonpunctuality,whilestandardsarelooserinthesouthernregions.1.BriefintroductiontoEuropeTimeandspaceTimeandspaceInSpainorPortugalavisitormightbekeptwaitingthirtyminutesbeforebeinggreetedwiththeutmostcourtesy.SouthernEuropeansalsohaveamoreintimatepersonalcomfortzone,preferringtostandabouttwofeetapartwhentheyconverse.Fornortherners,theacceptabledistanceisaboutfourfeet,andanythingcloserisseenasaninvasionofprivacy.1.BriefintroductiontoEuropeThestandardgreetingthroughoutEuropeisthehandshake,forbothmenandwomen.Itisusuallypoliteforawomantoextendherhandfirst.Mostcontinentalsshakehandsbeforeandaftereachmeeting,whileinGreatBritainasingleintroductoryshakeissufficient.

GreetingsThroughoutEurope,formalityinaddressistherule:Nevercallanotherpersonbyhisorherfirstnameuntilclearlyinvitedtodoso,andbecarefullytouseanyprofessionaltitlessuchas“Doctor”“Professor”or“Advocate”.1.BriefintroductiontoEuropeTimeinbusinessandsocialappointmentsIngeneral,allbusinessandsocialappointmentsshouldbescheduledatleasttwoweeksinadvance.Innortherncountries,beingexactlyontimeisessential;meetingsstartpromptly,movequicklytothematterathand,andtendtofollowatightlyscriptedagenda.InsoutherncountriessuchasSpainandGreece,whileyoushouldplantobeontime,yourhostmaynotbe.Meetingsaremorelikelytostartlate,interruptionsarenotunexpected,andthereisnoattempttohurrytheoutcome.Intheseregions,patienceandcourtesyarethekeystosuccessfulbusinessnegotiations.1.BriefintroductiontoEuropeTimeinbusinessandsocialappointmentsInEasternEurope,withitsrelativelyundevelopedinfrastructure,theetiquettetendstoresolvearoundlogisticalchallenges.Besuretosetupmeetingsfarinadvance;itmaytakemonthstofinalizevisasandothertravelarrangements.1.BriefintroductiontoEuropeTimeinbusinessandsocialappointmentsOnceyouarrive,multiplemeetingswilllikelyberequiredtowrapupbusinessdealings.ThisisespeciallytrueinRussia,whereextremecautioninmakingdecisionsisthenormandbeingtooreadytocompromiseisregardedasasignofweakness.01地理风貌Profile02政治概况Politics03经济概况Economy04民族文化Culture05商务禁忌Taboos2.TheUK英国UnitedKingdom(UK)orBritain.TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.2.TheUK英国01.Profile（地理风貌）2.TheUK英国England：overhalfofthetotalareaoftheUK,London.英格兰：占英国总面积一半，首都为伦敦Scotland:underathird,Edinburgh.苏格兰：占英国总面积不足三分之一，首都为爱丁堡Wales:lessthanatenth,Cardiff.威尔士：占英国总面积不足十分之一，首都为卡迪夫NorthernIreland:hilly,Belfast.北爱尔兰：多为丘陵，首都为贝尔法斯特01.Profile（地理风貌）The

monarch

is

Queen

Elizabeth

II,

who

has

reigned

since

6February

1952.女王是伊丽莎白二世，自1952年2月6日以来一直在位。2.TheUK英国02.Politics（政治风貌）TheBankofEngland—thecentralbankoftheUnitedKingdom2.TheUK英国Thefifth-largesteconomyintheworld世界第五大经济体Thesecond-largestinEuropeafterGermany仅次于德国的欧洲第二大经济体03.Economy（经济概况）2.TheUK英国03.Economy（经济概况）Thepoundsterlingistheworld'sthird-largestreservecurrency(aftertheUSdollarandtheeuro).英镑是世界第三大储备货币（仅次于美元和欧元）2.TheUK英国CityofLondonTheUKservicesectormakesuparound73%ofGDP.英国服务业约占GDP的73%03.Economy（经济概况）2.TheUK英国03.Economy（经济概况）StandardLifeBuildingintheEdinburghFinancialDistrictLondon:theworld'slargestfinancialcentrealongsideNewYork,thelargestcityGDPinEurope.伦敦：与纽约并列的全球最大金融中心，欧洲城市GDP最大的城市。Demographics人口统计Customs风俗人情Language语言Religion宗教2.TheUK英国04.Culture（民族文化）2.TheUK英国Thepopulation:65,648,000.全国总人口65,648,000。Thelargestgrouparewhite,accountingfor87.1%.最大的群体是白人，占比87.1%。England'spopulationin2021wasfoundtobe55million,oneofthemostdenselypopulatedcountriesintheworld.2021年英格兰人口为5500万，是世界上人口最密集的地区之一。WhiteAsianBlackMixedWhite87.1%Mixed2%Black3%Asian7%others04.Culture（民族文化）Demographics人口统计2.TheUK英国FormsofChristianityhavedominatedreligiouslifeinwhatisnowtheUnitedKingdomforover1400years.1400多年来，基督教形式一直主导着现在的英国的宗教生活。59.5%wereChristians,withthenextlargestfaithsbeingIslam(4.4%),Hinduism(1.3%),Judaism(0.4%).59.5%是基督教徒，其次是伊斯兰教（4.4%）、印度教（1.3%）、犹太教（0.4%）。Hindu1.3%Christian59.5%Irreligious25.7%Muslim4.4%Jew0.4%ChristianIrreligiousMuslimHinduJew04.Culture（民族文化）Religion宗教2.TheUK英国TheUK'sofficiallanguageisEnglish.英国的官方语言是英语。FrenchandGermanarethetwomostcommonlytaughtsecondlanguagesinEnglandandScotland.WelshisthesecondlanguageinWales.法语和德语是英格兰和苏格兰最常用的两种第二语言，威尔士语是威尔士地区的第二语言。04.Culture（民族文化）TheEnglish-speakingworld.Countriesindarkbluehaveamajorityofnativespeakers;countrieswhereEnglishisanofficial

butnota

majority

language

are

shaded

in

light

blue.EnglishisoneoftheofficiallanguagesoftheEuropeanUnionandtheUnited

Nations.Language语言2.TheUK英国Punctual,well-mannered,polite,andconservative.守时，彬彬有礼，严谨保守。Shakehandsratherthanhugorkiss.见面握手，一般不会拥抱会接吻。Keepsocialdistance.保持社交距离。04.Culture（民族文化）Customs（

风俗人情）2.TheUK英国Usepoliteexpressionssuchas"please","thankyou"and"excuseme".喜欢用“请”“谢谢”“不好意思”等礼貌用语。“LadyFist”.遵守“女士优先”原则。Customs（

风俗人情）04.Culture（民族文化）2.TheUK英国BritishafternoonteahasbecomeasymbolofBritishculture.英式下午茶已经成为一种英国文化的标志。TeaaswellassnackswillbeservedinthetraditionalBritishafternoontea.传统的英式下午茶不仅有茶水还有点心。Customs（

风俗人情）04.Culture（民族文化）2.TheUK英国Bottomfirstandthenthetop.食用的顺序是先吃下面的再往上吃。Mencanwearcasualbusinessclothesandwomencandressup.男士可以穿休闲商务装，女士可以盛装打扮。customs（

风俗人情）04.Culture（民族文化）2.TheUK英国BusinessDiningTaboos（商务用餐禁忌）Gift-givingTaboos（商务馈赠禁忌）BusinessGreetingTaboos（商务问候禁忌）BusinessGestureTaboos（商务体态禁忌）BusinessTalkTaboos（商务交谈禁忌）BusinessDressTaboos（商务着装禁忌）05.BusinessTaboos（商务禁忌）2.TheUK英国Don'tshakehandswithonefootinsidethedoorandtheotheroutside.切忌一只脚在门里面另一只脚在门外与人握手。Don’tshakehandsforthefourcross-cutting.切忌四人交叉握手。Whenyoumeetawomanforthefirsttime,youdon’tshakehandsbutbow.Don’tshakehandswithwomentoohard.第一次和女士见面，不用握手，而是鞠躬。和女士握手不要太用力。BusinessgreetingtaboosintheUK2.TheUK英国Informalbusinessoccasions(reception,visit,banquet,etc.),menusuallywearathree-piecesuitandtie.Womenweareveningdressesorsuitsandshoeswithheels.在正式商务场合（会客、拜访、宴会等），男士一般穿穿三件套式西装，打领带，女士要穿晚礼服或者套装以及有跟的鞋子。BusinessdresstaboosintheUKNostripedtiesinformal

occasions.正式场合，不要戴条纹领带。Informaloccasions,suitscan‘tgowithsports

shoes.在正式场合，西装不能和运动鞋搭配。striped

tie

条纹领带sports

shoes运动鞋2.TheUK英国BusinessgesturetaboosintheUKDon’tmakeV-shape

with

yourbackofhand

outward.做V手势时，不能手背向外。Don’t

smile

behind

your

hands.不要捂嘴笑。Don’tstandtooclosetoeachotherorputyourhandsontheother’sshoulder.不要距离对方太近或者把手放在对方肩膀上。Don’tcrossyourlegs.不要翘“二郎腿”。2.TheUK英国IfyouinviteBritonsouttodinner,it'sbettertoincludepeoplewiththesamebackgroundandsimilarprofessionallevelinthelist.如果邀请英国人出去用餐，名单中最好包括背景相同、专业层次相似的人物。Nocigarettesindinner.宴会上不准吸烟。Nofoodmadefromanimalblood.忌食动物血类食物。Don'tputyourelbowsonthetable.不要将肘部放在餐桌上。BusinessdiningtaboosintheUK2.TheUK英国Talkabouttheweatherandsports.可以谈论天气和运动。Usemorepoliteexpressionsandsentencepatterns,suchas"please","thankyou",“Excuseme”,"MayIhavethehonor..."交谈中要多用礼貌用语及句式，如“请”，“谢谢”，“抱歉”，"我能荣幸地请您.....?Don’ttalkaboutpersonallifelikefamily,salary,religion,marriageortheBritishmonarchyorpolitics.家庭，收入，宗教，婚姻等个人私事，皇室以及政治等话题都不要谈论。BusinesstalktaboosintheUK2.TheUK英国Gift-givingintheUKBritish

people

usually

don't

exchange

gifts

in

businesssituations.英国人在商务场合下通常不交换礼物。When

youare

invited

to

an

English

home,

bring

a

smallgifttothe

hostess.当你被邀请到英国人家里做客时，要带一份小礼物给女主人。You

can

send

flowers,

chocolate,

wine,

champagne

orbooks.可以送鲜花、巧克力、葡萄酒、香槟或者书籍。When

the

host

or

hostess

receives

the

gift,

he

or

she

willoopenit

mmediately.当主人收到礼物时，会马上打开礼物。Don'tsendtheBritishwhiteliliesorchrysanthemums.不要送白色百合和菊花。Don'tgivesouvenirswiththecompanylogoofthegiver.不要送带有送礼人公司标记的纪念品。Don’tsendclothes,soapandotheritemsrelatedtoprivatelife.不要选择涉及私生活的服饰、香皂之类的物品当作礼物。Don’twrapthegiftwithdarkgreenpaper.不要用墨绿色包装纸包装礼物。2.TheUK英国Gift-givingtaboosintheUK2.TheUK英国Don’tsendgiftswith

patterns

of

elephants,

peacocks orowls

or

these

animals’

decorations

orthe

toys.不要送大象、孔雀或猫头鹰图案的礼物或者这些动物的装饰品、玩偶。Gift-givingtaboosintheUK01Profile（国家概况）02BusinessGreeting（商务问候）03BusinessNegotiation（商务谈判）04BusinessBanquet（商务宴请）05BusinessGift-giving（商务馈赠）3.France法国3.France法国GeographylocatedinthewestoftheEuropeancontinent法国位于欧洲大陆西部thelargestcountryinWesternEurope西欧面积最大的国家01.Profile（国家概况）MajorCities3.France法国Capital:Paris首都：巴黎“flowercapitaloftheworld”“世界花卉之都”othermajorcities：Marseille,Lyon其他主要城市：马赛、里昂01.Profile（国家概况）3.France法国PopulationRomanCatholicism罗马天主教Francehasapopulationof58millionpeople,90%ofwhichareFrench.法国大约有5800万人口，其中90%为法兰西人。01.Profile（国家概况）Economy3.France法国import&exporttradevolume:the5th进出口贸易额为世界第五"countryofgrapes"and"countryofcheese"“葡萄之国”“奶酪之国”largestproducerandconsumerofwine全球最大的葡萄酒生产国和消费国01.Profile（国家概况）3.France法国02.BusinessGreeting（商务问候）InFrance,amancouldbecalledMonsieurandawoman

Madame.在法国，称呼男士为Monsieur

，称呼女士为Madame。2.InFrance,peopleusuallygreeteachotherbyshakinghands.Youcangentlyholdeachother'shandsandshakethemafew

times.在法国，人们见面时的问候方式通常是握手。可以轻轻地握住对方的受，晃动几下就可以了。3.Family,friendsorfamiliarcolleagueskisseachotheronthecheek.家人，朋友或熟悉的同事见面会亲吻双颊。3.France法国03.BusinessNegotiation（商务谈判）1.InFrance,appointmentforbusinessnegotiationsmustbemadeinadvance,andmakesuretoattendontime.在法国，商务谈判一定要提前预约，并努力做到准时。2.Frenchpeoplehaveastrongsenseofnationalpride.ItisbetterfornegotiatorstomasterFrench,orhaveaFrenchtranslatorparticipateinthenegotiation.法国人有很强的民族自豪感。谈判代表最好精通法语，或者请一名法语翻译参与到谈判中。Frenchareoftenlessinterestedinnewideasandnewproducts.Inthiscase,youshouldkeepcalmandpoliteandexplainthevalueoftheideaorproducttothem.法国人往往表现出对新观念、新产品不接受的态度。对此，你应该保持冷静和礼貌，向对方说明想法或产品的价值。3.France法国ForFrenchpeople,verbalagreementsarenotbinding.对于法国人，口头协议没有约束力。03.BusinessNegotiation（商务谈判）Frenchseldommakedecisionsduringthemeeting;insteadtheyprefertoconductthoroughanddetailedanalysisoneveryaspectafterthenegotiation,whichoftentakesalongtime.Sodon'tpushthemtomakeadecision.法国人很少在会议中做出决定，而是在谈判后对每个方面进行透彻详细的分析与讨论，这往往要花费很长时间。因此不要催促对方做决定。3.France法国03.BusinessNegotiation（商务谈判）FortheFrench,dinnerisagoodtimetoenjoyfoodandwine.YoucantalkaboutFrenchculture,traditionandpoliticsatthistime,butdon'ttalkabout

business.对法国人来说,晚餐是一种享受美食、美酒的好时机,可以在这个时候

跟法国人聊聊法国的文化、传统和政治，但是不要在这时谈生意。3.France法国CookingisconsideredasanartinFrance,soFrenchpayspecialattentiontotablemanners.在法国，烹饪是一种艺术，因此法国人特别注重餐桌礼仪。04.BusinessBanquet（商务宴请）IfyouareinvitedtoaFrenchfamily,youcantakeflowersandexquisitechocolates.如果你被邀请去法国人家中做客，可以为主人送上鲜花，精美的巧克力。Guestsdon'thavetobringwine,becausehostsusuallyliketochoosetheirown.客人不必带酒，因为主人通常喜欢自己选择酒。Afterthedinner,youcanwriteathank-youlettertothehostthenextday,orsendflowersorfruitbasketstoexpressyourgratitude.参加完晚宴后，可以在第二天给主人写一封感谢信，或者送上鲜花或水果篮表示感谢。3.France法国05.BusinessGift-giving（商务馈赠）01Profile（国家概况）02BusinessGreeting（商务问候）03BusinessNegotiation（商务谈判）04BusinessBanquet（商务宴请）05BusinessGift-giving（商务馈赠）4.Germany德国

4.Germany德国

GeographylocatedinthemiddleofEurope德国位于欧洲中部alargelytemperateseasonalclimate温和的海洋性气候Capital：Berlinothermajor首都为柏林Cities：Munich,CologneandFrankfurt

慕尼黑、科隆、法兰克福等01.Profile（国家概况）totheeastoftheAtlanticOcean大西洋东部MajorCities4.Germany德国

Germanyhasapopulationofmorethan80million,mainlyGermanethnicity.

德国人口约有8000多万，主要民族为德意志人。Christian基督教two-thirds—Protestant三分之二信奉新教01.Profile（国家概况）

one-third—Catholic三分之一信奉天主教PopulationReligion4.Germany德国

02.BusinessGreeting（商务问候）InGermany,amancouldbecalledHerrandawoman

Frau.在德国，称呼男士为Herr，称呼女士为Frau.2.Germanpeopleshakehandswhentheymeetorsaygoodbye.德国人在见面和告别时都可能握手。3.Indailylife,relativesandfriendscankissonthecheekwhentheygreeteachother.Butinbusinesssituation,peopleusuallyshakehandsinsteadofkissing.日常生活中，亲们朋友相互问候时可以亲吻脸颊。但商业场合中，通常以握手问候，而不是亲吻。4.Germany德国

03.BusinessNegotiation（商务谈判）Germansareverypunctual,soyou’dbetternotbelateforthemeeting.Andit'sbettertoarrivein

advance.德国人非常守时，因此参加会议时千万不能迟到。最好提前到达会场。MostseniormanagerscanspeakEnglish.EitherGermanorEnglishcanbeusedinbusiness

negotiation.大多数高级管理人员都能进行英语会话。商务谈判中可以使用德语也可以使用英语。4.Germany德国

03.BusinessNegotiation（商务谈判）3.Germansareseriousandefficient.Thedetailedproceduresofthemeetingareoftenformulatedaccuratelyandindetail,andthenstrictlyfollowed.德国人严肃认真，讲究效率。往往会把会议的细节程序精确而详细地制定出来，并且严格地遵循。4.Germanspreferanalyticalthinkingandrationalexplanation.Inbusinessnegotiation,makesuretoprovidesolidfactstosupportyourargumentinformsofcharts,statistics,etc.德国人倾向于分析思维和理性解释。在商务谈判中，要注意提供确凿的事实来支撑你的论点，最好提供图表、统计数据等。4.Germany德国

04.BusinessBanquet（商务宴请）Germancuisineismostfamousforsausagesand

beer.德国的美食以香肠和啤酒最为著名。Germansusuallyentertainbusinesspartnersinrestaurants.Buttheydon'ttalkaboutbusinessatdinner,theyseeitasagoodtimetobuilda

relationship.德国人一般会在餐馆宴请商务伙伴。但是他们不会在吃饭时谈生意，而是把吃饭当成一个建立关系的好时机。UseWesterntablewareallthe

time.进餐过程中要一直用西餐餐具。4.Germany德国

05.BusinessGift-giving（商务馈赠）1.InGermany,businesspartnersdonotattachmuchimportancetogifts.Ifyouwanttogivegifts,choosehighqualityandinexpensivesmallgifts,suchaspens,wineandsoon.在德国，商务伙伴之间不太重视礼品馈赠。如果要赠送礼物，注意选择质量好又不贵的小礼物，如钢笔、酒等等。2.Whengivingflowers,rememberthatredrosesaresentbycouples,CallaandLilyareusedforfuneral.Thenumberofflowerscannotbe13.送花时要记住，红玫瑰是情侣间送的，马蹄莲和百合是葬礼上用的。花的数量不能是13。01Profile（国家概况）02BusinessGreeting（商务问候）03BusinessNegotiation（商务谈判）04BusinessBanquet（商务宴请）05BusinessGift-giving（商务馈赠）5.Spain西班牙atthecrossroadsoftheAtlanticandMediterranean,EuropeandAfrica

地处大西洋和地中海、欧洲和非洲的十字路口the2ndlargestcountryinWesternEuropeandtheEU西欧和欧盟的第二大国家officiallanguage:Spanish

官方语言为西班牙语threeregionalofficiallanguages:Catalan,BasqueandGalician

三种地区级官方语言：加泰罗尼亚语，巴斯克语和

加利西亚语5.Spain西班牙01.Profile（国家概况）GeographyLanguageamulti-ethniccountry,composedofmorethan20ethnicities

一个多民族国家，由二十多个民族组成friendlyresidents,relaxedlifestyle,attractivefood,energeticnightlifeandworld-famousfolklore友好的居民、轻松的生活方式、诱人的美食、充

满活力的夜生活5.Spain西班牙apopulationof48million,96%ofwhichareCatholic西班牙有约4800万人，96%的居民信奉天主教01.Profile（国家概况）PopulationCulture5.Spain西班牙SportsplayanimportantroleinSpanishlife.Spaniardsliketoplayandwatchfootball.Almosteverytownhassomefootballfields.02.BusinessGreeting（商务问候）5.Spain西班牙02.BusinessGreeting（商务问候）BullfightingisquitepopularinSpain.Itisregardedasaspectacleofthecountry,asymbolofcourage,wisdom,graceandwill.5.Spain西班牙03.BusinessNegotiation（商务谈判）1.Spaniardsprefertogettoknoweachotherbeforetheystartabusinessrelationship.Anymeetingusuallystartswithadiscussionofgeneraltopicstoconnectwitheachotheratapersonalleveltobuildastrongworkingrelationship.西班牙人更喜欢在开始商业关系之前了解对方。任何会议通常都会从讨论一般性话题开始，并在个人层面上相互联系，以建立稳固的工作关系。2.Inmanycases,socialrelationscanplayaroleofguarantee,orevenreplacethewrittencontract.在很多情况下，社会关系可以起到担保作用，甚至可以取代书面合同。5.Spain西班牙03.BusinessNegotiation（商务谈判）3.Spaniardsareafraidoflosingface,sotheydon'tadmitthattheyhavedifficultyunderstandinginfrontofothers.Therefore,itisbetterforeachpersontohaveamanuscriptwritteninSpanishduringthenegotiation,whichwillbeveryhelpfulforthemtounderstand.西班牙人害怕丢面子，所以他们不会在他人面前承认自己理解起来有困难。因此在谈判中最好每人提供一份用西班牙语写的文稿，会非常有助于他们理解。5.Spain西班牙04.BusinessBanquet（商务宴请）InSpain,alotofbusinessagreementisreachedatlunch,anddinnerisoftenforentertainmentorcelebration.在西班牙，许多生意都是在午餐时谈成的，晚餐往往是为了娱乐或庆祝。Throughlunchconversation,youcangettoknowyourbusinesspartners.Topicscaninvolvepersonalissues,familiesandsoon.通过午餐谈话，你可以了解你的生意伙伴，话题可以涉及个人、家庭等等。05.BusinessGift-giving（商务馈赠）5.Spain西班牙1.ForSpaniards,giftsareawayofshowingrespect,notbribery.对西班牙人来说，送礼是一种表示尊敬的方式，而不是贿赂。2.Youcanchoosegiftsfromyourowncountryorregion,suchaswine,tieandscarf.送礼物时，可以选择来自自己国家或地区的礼品，如酒、领带和围巾。3.Ifyoureceiveawrappedgift,youshouldopenitimmediatelyandexpressgratitude.Youcanalsowriteathank-youletterafterwards.如果你收到一个有包装的礼物，应该立即打开并表示感谢，也可以事后给对方写一封感谢信。6.Portugal葡萄牙01Profile（国家概况）02BusinessGreeting（商务问候）03BusinessNegotiation（商务谈判）04BusinessBanquet（商务宴请）05BusinessGift-giving（商务馈赠）Geography6.Portugal葡萄牙IberianPeninsulainsouthwesternEurope欧洲西南部的伊比利亚半岛Northernpart:temperatemarineclimate北部：温带海洋性气候Southernpart:Mediterraneanclimate南部：地中海气候01.Profile（国家概况）Capital：Lisbon里斯本Officiallanguage：Portuguese官方语言为葡萄牙语Religion：Catholicism宗教：天主教Cuture6.Portugal葡萄牙01.Profile（国家概况）6.Portugal葡萄牙服装（clothing）鞋（shoes）纺织品（anthropological）纸制品（p