新教材适用2024-2025学年高中英语Unit5LaunchingYourCareerSectionⅣ单元写作夯基提能作业新人教版选择性必修第四册

UNIT5SectionⅣⅠ.阅读理解(2024·吉林省试验中学高二期末)JohnvonNeumannwastheoldestof3childrenofabanker,andhisspeedoflearningnewideasandofsolvingproblemsstoodoutearly.At17,hisfathertriedtopersuadehimnottobecomeamathematicianbecausehemayleadapoorlifebeingamathematician,andsovonNeumannagreedtostudychemistryaswell.In1926,at23,hereceivedadegreeinchemicalengineeringandaPh.D.inmathematics.Fromthenon,mathematicsprovidedwellenoughforhim,andheneverhadtoturntochemistry.In1930,vonNeumannvisitedPrincetonUniversityforayearandthenbecameaprofessorthere.Hisfirstbookwaspublishedin1932.In1933,theInstituteforAdvancedStudywasformed,andhebecameoneofthe6full-timepeopleintheSchoolofMathematics(Einsteinwasoneoftheothers)．WorldWarIIhugelychangedvonNeumann'sareasofinterest.Until1940hehadbeenagreatpure(纯粹的)mathematician.Duringandafterthewar,hebecameoneofthebestmathematicianswhoputmathematicstheoriesintopractice.Duringthelastpartofthewarhebecameinterestedincomputingmachinesandmadeseveralfundamentalcontributions.AfterthewarvonNeumanncontinuedhisworkwithcomputers,andwasgenerallyveryactiveingovernmentservice.Hereceivedmanyawards,waspresidentoftheAmericanMathematicalSocietyandwasamemberoftheAtomicEnergyCommission.Hediedin1957ofcancer.VonNeumannmadeseveralgreatcontributionsandanyoneofthemwouldhavebeenenoughtoearnhimafirmplaceinhistory.Hewillberememberedasoneofthegreatestmindsofthe20thcentury.VonNeumannreallywasalegend(传奇)inhisowntime,andthereareanumberofstoriesabouthim.Hisdrivingabilityisapartofthislegend.Hereportedoneaccidentthisway:“Iwasdrivingdowntheroad.Thetreesontherightwerepassingmeinanorderlyfashionat60milesperhour.Suddenlyoneofthemsteppedinmypath.”语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要介绍了宏大的数学家JohnvonNeumann(约翰·冯·诺依曼)的生平事迹。1.Accordingtothetext,vonNeumann'sfatherbelievedthatA.A．amathematiciancouldn'tearnalotofmoneyB．amathematicianneededagoodmemoryC．vonNeumannhadtheabilitytolearntwosubjectsatthesametimeD．vonNeumannhadagiftforsolvingproblemsatahighspeed解析：细微环节理解题。依据第一段“At17,hisfathertriedtopersuadehimnottobecomeamathematicianbecausehemayleadapoorlifebeingamathematician，(17岁的时候，他的父亲试图劝服他不要成为一名数学家，因为作为一名数学家，他可能过着贫困的生活，)”可知，他父亲认为成为数学家赚不了许多钱。故选A。2.VonNeumannpublishedhisfirstbookattheageofC.A．23 B．26C．29 D．32解析：细微环节理解题。依据第一段“In1926,at23,hereceivedadegreeinchemicalengineeringandaPh.D.inmathematics.(1926年，23岁，获得化学工程学位和数学博士学位。)”可知，他诞生于1903年，结合其次段“Hisfirstbookwaspublishedin1932.(他的第一本书在1932年出版。)”可计算他当时的年龄是29岁。故选C。3.HowdidWorldWarⅡaffectJohnvonNeumann?BA．Herealizedtheimportanceofengineering.B．Hebegantoresearchhowtoputmathematicsintopractice.C．Heleftcollegeandservedatthegovernmentdepartment.D．Helostinterestinchemistry.解析：细微环节理解题。依据第三段“Duringandafterthewar,hebecameoneofthebestmathematicianswhoputmathematicstheoriesintopractice.(在斗争期间和战后，他成为将数学理论付诸实践的最好的数学家之一。)”可知，他在斗争期间把数学理论应用于实践。故选B。4.Fromthelastparagraph,wecaninferJohnvonNeumannwasD.A．calm B．braveC．intelligent D．humorous解析：推理推断题。依据最终一段“Hereportedoneaccidentthisway：‘Iwasdrivingdowntheroad.Thetreesontherightwerepassingmeinanorderlyfashionat60milesperhour.Suddenlyoneofthemsteppedinmypath.’(他以这种方式报告了一起事故：‘我开车沿着这条路。右边的树木以每小时60英里的速度有秩序地从我身边经过。突然他们中的一个拦住了我的路。’)”他对事故诙谐地描述可知他特别幽默。故选D。Ⅱ.七选五依据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2024·浙江省嘉兴市高三教学测试)Hilde'sfatherwasareporter.Heoftentookhertoworkwithhim,andshedevelopedastronginterestinnewsstoriesandreporting.1.DShedidthewriting,hersisterIzzytookpictures,andherfatherhelpedherorganizeandprintthenewspaper.Hildewantedtocoverbigstoriesinhertown.Followingtherulesherfatherhadtaughther,sheresearchedandreportedstoriesinhermonthlynewspaper.Thenewspapersuddenlybecamefamouswhenamurderhappenedinthetown,andHildewasthefirstpersontoreportit.Soon,newsorganizationsaroundthecountryweredoingstoriesonHilde.2.FSomepeoplecriticizedherparentsforallowinghertoreportonsomethingasunpleasantasamurder.OtherscriticizedHildefor“pretendingtobeareporter”．Somepeopleevensuggestedsheshouldbeplayingwithdolls.3.BSherespondedwithaYouTubevideo.“IneverbeganmynewspapersothatpeoplewouldthinkIwascute，”shesaid.“Iwanttobetakenseriously.”Thatwasn'tthelasttimeHildehadtroublegettingpeopletotakeherseriously.Sometimes,itwasbecauseofherage.Othertimes,itwasbecauseshewasagirl.4.AHildecontinuedreportingandheractivitiesasareporterhavemadeherfamous.NowHildehaspublishedabooktellingherownstoryandthechallengesshehasfaced.SomeofthosechallengescamefromHildeherself,strugglingtofigureoutwhoshewasasshegrewolder.5.CButsheisstilljust15,andhasplentyoftimetodecidewhatshewantstodowithherlife.Hereffortshavealreadyinspiredpeoplearoundtheworld.A．Butsheneverletthatstopher.B．Hildewasupsetbythecomplaints.C．Fornow,Hildesaysshehasgivenupreporting.D．Whenshewas8,Hildestartedherownnewspaper.E．Hergreatsuccessinreportinghaschangedherlife.F．NoteveryonewashappyaboutHilde'sefforts,though.G．Shewasclearlyinadilemmaabouthowtosolvethecrisis.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。讲解并描述了8岁的女孩Hilde创办自己的报纸遇到的种种非议，赞扬了Hilde不怕挑战，迎难而上的品质。解析：1．上文说明白Hilde起先对报纸行业产生爱好，结合下文可知，Hilde起先自己制作报纸，D选项(当她八岁时，Hilde开办了自己的报纸。)连接上下文恰当。且选项中newspaper与后一句词汇重复。故选D。2．依据上文可知Hilde有了名声，下文(有些人指责她的父母允许她报道一些像谋杀这样令人不快的事情。)可知，并不是全部人都观赏Hilde的报道行为，F选项(但是，并不是每个人都观赏Hilde做出的努力。)与上文构成转折，开启下文。故选F。3．上文描述了人们对Hilde各种各样的指责，B选项(Hilde对这些埋怨感到担忧。)承接上文，指出Hilde对此做出的反应，且选项中“complaints”照应上文提到的各种指责。故选B。4．上文说明白人们指责Hilde的其他缘由，结合下文“Hildecontinuedreportingandheractivitiesasareporterhavemadeherfamous.”可知，Hilde并没有因为指责而停止报道。A选项(但她从未因此而停止。)承上启下。故选A。5．下文“Butsheisstilljust15,andhasplentyoftimetodecidewhatshewantstodowithherlife.”(但是她才15岁，有大量的时间去确定她想从事的工作。)可知，前句与其构成转折，C选项(现在，Hilde说她已经不再报道新闻了。)符合句意。故选C。Ⅲ.完形填空(2024·辽宁省鞍山市一模)MysisterBlytheisoneofthehighestachieversI'veeverknown.Growingup,shewas1.Ainabsolutelyeverything.Sheremainsthemostgifted2.CI'veevermet.She'sreceivedmanyprizesinsportscompetitions2007was3.Bforourfamily.WelostourbrotherinJulytocancer.Afteroverayear,Ihadnochoicebuttoputone4.Dinfrontoftheother.Ithappenedonlybecausethesuncontinuedtorisedayafterday.Atthesametime,Blythe5.Dandcommittedherselftoeffortsthatdemandedher6.Bbest,includingafourthplacefinishinherfinalOlympics.Wewatchednervously.Fourthcanbea7.Cplacetogetinahighlycompetitivecompetitionlikethis.Wereleasedacollectivesighof8.Bandcheeredwhenwesawherhugesmile.Shehassince9.Agracefullyfromthesport.Needlesstosay,shecontinuesto10.Dherself,winningcookingcompetitionsanddoingwellinflagfootball.Meanwhile,I'malwaysathomeinher11.Bwhenevernecessary.IhavewatchedBlythewith12.Candinwondersincemyearliestmemories—I13.Adonow.Ihaveworriedabouteveryrisk,wishingIcouldprotectherfromeveryhurt,andsmiledhappilywith14.Bateveryreward.KnowingthattheverypersonIhavewatchedgrowupfromthebeginningistheonewhohaslivedthebestlifehelpsmebelievethatI15.D.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者见证自己的妹妹Blythe一路成长为最杰出的运动员的故事。1.A.brilliant B．activeC．engaged D．absorbed解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从小到大，她在任何方面都很精彩。依据“Sheremainsthemostgifted2I'veevermet.She'sreceivedmanyprizesinsportscompetitions”可知，Blythe在运动竞赛上获得了许多奖，说明她很优秀，此处brilliant符合语境。A.brilliant胜利的，辉煌的，精彩的；B.active主动的；C.engaged已订婚的，被占用的；D.absorbed极感爱好的，聚精会神的。故选A。2.A.expert B．studentC．athlete D．performer解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：她仍旧是我见过的最有天赋的运动员。依据后面“She'sreceivedmanyprizesinsportscompetitions.”可知，能在运动竞赛上拿各种奖，说明她是“运动员”，athlete符合语境。A.expert专家；B.student学生；C.athlete运动员；D.performer表演者。故选C。3.A.meaningful B．cruelC．significant D．frightening解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：2007年对我们家来说是残酷的。依据后面“WelostourbrotherinJulytocancer.”可知，失去了兄弟，说明这是残酷的一年，cruel符合语境。A.meaningful有意义的；B.cruel残酷的，残忍的；C.significant重要的，有重要意义的；D.frightening可怕的，令人担忧的。故选B。4.A.view B．pointC．hand D．foot解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：一年多后，我别无选择，只能接着向前走。putonefootinfrontoftheother为固定搭配，表示“向前走、稳步推动”。A.view观点，看法；B.point观点，见解；C.hand手，帮助，援手；D.foot脚，底部，基础。故选D。5.A.startedoff B．pulledtogetherC．heldon D．roseup解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：与此同时，布莱斯站了起来，全力以赴，要求她做到最好，包括在奥运会决赛上获得第四名。依据句意说明Blythe振作了起来，riseup符合语境。A.startedoff起先，动身；B.pulledtogether同心协力；C.heldon等一下，接着；D.roseup上升，起义，变得强大。故选D。6.A.constant B．absoluteC．extra D．initial解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。依据句意可知，要求自己全力以赴，说明希望自己能做到最好，absolute符合语境。A.constant常常发生的，持续不断的；B.absolute完全的，肯定的，十足的；C.extra额外的；D.initial起先的，最初的。故选B。7.A.desirable B．creativeC．tough D．pure解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在这样一个高度竞争的竞赛中，第四名是一个艰难的位置。依据句意可知，要在奥运会决赛上获得第四名是特别难的，tough符合语境。A.desirable令人憧憬的，值得拥有的；B.creative创建性的，有创建力的；C.tough坚韧的，严厉的，艰难的；D.pure纯的，纯真的。故选C。8.A.tiredness B．reliefC．admiration D．sympathy解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到她绚丽的笑容时，我们都松了一口气，欢呼起来。依据“Wereleasedacollectivesighof8andcheeredwhenwesawherhugesmile.”可知，看到她绚丽的笑容时，我们也松了一口气，relief符合语境。A.tiredness疲惫，疲乏；B.relief宽慰，轻松，缓解；C.admiration敬佩，赞美，观赏；D.sympathy怜悯心。故选B。9.A.retired B．benefitedC．separated D．suffered解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：此后，她优雅地退出了这项运动。依据后文“winningcookingcompetitionsanddoingwellinflagfootball”，可知retire符合语境。A.retired退休，退役，退赛；B.benefited收益；C.separated分开，分别；D.suffered遭遇，经验。故选A。10.A.change B．fightC．win D．challenge解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：不用说，她接着挑战自己，赢得烹饪竞赛，在夺旗橄榄球竞赛中表现精彩。依据后文“winningcookingcompetitionsanddoingwellinflagfootball(赢得厨艺竞赛、参与夺旗橄榄球竞赛并表现精彩)”，说明Blythe是在接着挑战自己。A.change变更，变更；B.fight与……作斗争，打仗；C.win赢，获胜；D.challenge挑战。故选D。11.A.memory B．companyC．place D．opinion解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，只要有须要，我总是在家陪着她。inone'scompany意为“陪伴某人”，符合语境。A.memory记忆力，记性；Bpany公司，陪伴；C.place地方；D.opinion观点。故选B。12.A.amazement B．curiosityC．anxiety D．disbelief解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：从我最早的记忆起先，我就带着焦虑和新奇视察着布莱斯——现在我仍旧如此。依据“Ihaveworriedabouteveryrisk,wishingIcouldprotectherfromeveryhurt,andsmiledhappilywith14ateveryreward.”可知，看到Blythe冒险时担忧，看到她获奖时又快乐。说明作者总是带有焦虑，anxiety符合语境。A.amazement惊诧，惊异；B.curiosity新奇；C.anxiety焦虑；D.disbelief怀疑，不信。故选C。13.A.still B．barelyC．already D．simply解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：同上。依据下一段第一句可知，作者现在也还是带着焦虑和新奇视察着Blythe，still符合语境。A.still照旧，还是，仍旧；B.barely几乎不，几乎没有；C.already已经；D.simply仅仅，不过。故选A。14.A.envy B．prideC．dignity D．ambition解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：每一次冒险我都担忧过，希望我能爱护她不受任何损害，每一次嘉奖我都傲慢地笑着。依据常理可知，看到Blythe冒险时，作者会担忧，看到她获奖时，则应当是“傲慢”。A.envy艳羡，嫉妒；B.pride傲慢，骄傲；C.dignity尊严，自尊；D.ambition理想，雄心。故选B。15.A.succeed B．shineC．mature D．matter解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：知道自己从一起先就看着长大的人过着最好的生活，这让我信任我很重要。依据常理可知，知道自己看着长大的人过着最好的生活，这会让人很有成就感，觉得自己很重要，此处matter符合语境。A.succeed胜利，达成；B.shine发光，照射；C.mature成熟，长成；D.matter要紧，有关系。故选D。Ⅳ.语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2024·全国乙卷)Beijingisacitybridgingtheancientandthemodern.FromBuddhisttemplestomuseums,narrowhutong1.toroyalpalaces,itishometomorethan3,000yearsofglorioushistoryevendowntoitslayout,withthecitykeepingitscarefully2.built(build)systemofringroads.Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplace3.which/thatwelcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21st-centuryarchitectural4.wonders(wonder)standingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.Itisadistinctvisualcontrast(反差)thatshouldn'twork,5.butsomehowthesetwoverydifferentworldsmakeagoodcombination.6.Havingvisited(visit)severaltimesoverthelast10years,I7.wasamazed(amaze)bytheco-existenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遗产)whileconstantlygrowing.Asaphotographer,Ihavespentthelasttwoyears8.recording(record)everythingIdiscovered.The9.remarkable(remark)developmentofthiscity,whichisconsciouslydesignedtoprotectthepastwhilesteppingintothemodernworld,10.means(mean)thereisalwayssomethingnewtodiscoverhere,andIcouldbephotographingBeijingforthenext50years.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了北京这座城市的古老建筑和现代化发展之间的独特结合，同时探讨了城市如何在不断发展的同时爱护其丰富的遗产。作者作为一名摄影师，记录了这座城市的变更，并表示将来还会接着拍摄北京的风貌。解析：1．考查介词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿，它拥有3000多年的辉煌历史，甚至从它的布局来看，这座城市始终保持着细心建立的环城道路系统。依据上文的“FromBuddhisttemplestomuseums”可知，设空处和上文保持一样，表示“从……到……”。故填to。2．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句子成分可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，表示“细心建立的……”，和被修饰词“systemofringroads”之间为被动关系，用过去分词。故填built。3．考查定语从句。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。分析句子成分可知，设空处为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“aplace”，在定语从句中担当主语，故用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。4．考查名词复数。句意同上。分析句子成分可知，设空处为名词形式；依据下文的“historicalbuildingsofthepast”可知，设空处该用名词的复数形式。故填wonders。5．考查连词。句意：但不知何故，这两个迥然不同的世界却很好地结合在了一起。空前“Itisadistinctvisualcontrast(反差)thatshouldn'twork”和空后“somehowthesetwoverydifferentworldsmakeagoodcombination”之间存在转折关系。故填but。6．考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊异于这里的新旧共存，惊异于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。分析句子成分可知，设空处为非谓语动词作状语，和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系；依据时间状语“overthelast10years”可知，用完成时态，由此推断，设空处用现在分词的完成式。置于句首，首字母大写。故填Havingvisited。7．考查时态、语态和主谓一样。句意同上。分析句子成分可知，此处为谓语动词，依据下文“howacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遗产)whileconstantlygrowing”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。故填wasamazed。8．考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名摄影师，我花了两年时间记录我发觉的一切。spendtime(in)doingsth.意为“花费时间做某事”。此处为非谓语动词作宾语，用动名词形式。故填recording。9．考查形容词。句意：这个城市的显著发展，是有意识地在爱护过去的同时步入现