【MOOC】英语语音-上海师范大学 中国大学慕课MOOC答案

【MOOC】英语语音-上海师范大学中国大学慕课MOOC答案AchievementTest11、【单选题】Thesoftpalateisalsocalled__________本题答案：【velum】2、【单选题】Thebackofthetonguehelpstoproduce__________sounds.本题答案：【velar】3、【单选题】/p/,/b/,/m/and/w/areproducedwiththehelpof__________.本题答案：【theupperandlowerlip】4、【单选题】Thesoundsproducedwiththehelpoftheupperteetharecalled__________sounds.本题答案：【dental】5、【单选题】Thestudyofspeechorgansisimportanttoknowthenatureof__________.本题答案：【speechproduction】6、【单选题】Theorgansthattakepartinproductionofspeechsoundsarecalled__________本题答案：【speechorgans】7、【单选题】Thepositionalvariantsofthesamephonemeareknownas__________.本题答案：【allophones】8、【单选题】InEnglish,[l]and[?]areallophonesofthephoneme/l/becausetheyoccurin___________________,i.e.,theyneverappearinthesamesoundcontexts.[l]alwaysoccursbeforevowels(asinthewordleaf,look),while[?]comesaftervowelsandbeforeconsonants(asinthewordfeel,cold).本题答案：【complementarydistribution】9、【单选题】UsingthediacriticsprovidedbytheIPA,_____________transcriptioncapturesasmanyaspectsofaspecificpronunciationaspossibleandmakesverysubtledistinctionsbetweensounds.本题答案：【narrow】10、【单选题】/p/and/b/canappearininitialposition(asinpinandbin)andalsoinfinalposition(asinropeandrobe)．Theyareinphonemiccontrastandsaidtoforma_______________becausetheyoccurinthesameenvironmentanddistinguishmeaning.本题答案：【minimalpair】AchievementTest21、【单选题】Likealllanguagesintheworld,Englishphonemesarealsodividedintovowelsandconsonants.Thedistinctionbetweenthetwoliesintheobstructionof__________.本题答案：【airstream】2、【单选题】The__________Pronunciation,orRPforshort,istheinstantlyrecognisableaccentoftendescribedas‘typicallyBritish’.ItisdefinedintheConciseOxfordEnglishDictionaryas“thestandardaccentofEnglishasspokeninthesouthofEngland”.本题答案：【Received】3、【单选题】Thevowel__________canbedescribedaslow,front,andunrounded,butthefeature“unrounded”isusuallyomittedbecauseallfrontvowelsinEnglishareunrounded.本题答案：【/?/】4、【单选题】Syllabically,althoughadiphthongisacombinationoftwovowelsounds,andthetongueglidesintheproductionofit,itisperceivedasonephoneme,nottwo.Thus,diphthongsaretreatedashavingone__________only.本题答案：【syllable】5、【单选题】Wordssuchasfire/fa??/,flour/fla??/,orloyal/l???l/areconsideredbythenativeEnglishspeakerstohaveonlyonesyllable,whereashigher/ha??/andplayer/ple??/aremorelikelytobeheardwithdisyllabicrealizationsbecausethethirdvowelisa__________.本题答案：【suffix】6、【判断题】Intheproductionofaconsonantsound,theairstreamfromthelungsmeetsnoobstructionofanykindinthethroat,thenose,orthemouth,whileinthepronunciationofavowel,theairstreamfromthelungsisobstructedinonewayoranother.本题答案：【错误】7、【判断题】DanielJonesworkedoutasetofCardinalVowelsthatstudentslearningphoneticscouldbetaughttoproduce,theaimofwhichistogiveanapproximatepictureofthedegreeanddirectionofthetonguemovementinvolved.本题答案：【正确】8、【判断题】/i:/and/?/arebothhighfrontvowels,but/i:/isabitlowerandmoreforwardthan/?/.Inaddition,/i:/istenseinthattherootofthetongueismoreadvancedthanwith/?/,whichislax.本题答案：【错误】9、【判断题】Englishdiphthongsaredividedintobothfallingdiphthongs(thefirstvowelsoundispronouncedlonger,louderandstrongerthanthesecondone),andrisingdiphthongs(thesecondsoundisproducedlongerandstrongerthanthefirst本题答案：【错误】10、【判断题】Iftwoadjacentvowelsoundsoccurindifferentsyllables—forexample,intheEnglishwordre-elect(/?ri:??lekt/)—theresultisdescribedashiatusnotasadiphthong.本题答案：【正确】Achievementtests31、【单选题】Consonantsareformedbyinterrupting,narrowingordivertingtheairflowinavarietyofways.TherearethreewaysofclassifyingtheEnglishconsonantsounds:__________ofarticulation,mannerofarticulationandvoicing.本题答案：【place】2、【单选题】Whentheletterncomebeforegork,itispronouncedas/?/asinstrong,bang,thank,drink.However,whengisfollowedbyeori,theletternisreadas/n/asinstrange,stranger,arrange,longitudebecausethelettergispronouncedas__________.本题答案：【/?/】3、【单选题】RPhastwoallophonicvariantsof/r/.Oneisretroflex[r],andtheotheristaporflap[?].Inthepronunciationofretroflex[r],thetonguecurlsbackwardandretroflexesatthe__________.本题答案：【tip】4、【单选题】The/r/maybereplacedbyanalveolartap[?]inintervocalicpositions(e.g.very,sorry,tomorrow)andinword-final/r/__________withaninitialvowel(e.g.faraway).本题答案：【linking】5、【单选题】Generallyspeaking,plosivesoundsundergothreestages:theclosingstage,thecompressionstageandthe__________stage.本题答案：【release】6、【判断题】Themannerofarticulationreferstothewayinwhichtheairstreamisobstructed.Forexample,withplosivesounds,thearticulationactsinsuchawaythattheairistemporarilytrapped,andthensuddenlyreleased.本题答案：【正确】7、【判断题】Generallyspeaking,theplaceandthemannerofarticulationarethetwocommonfeaturesofanylanguagesexceptthevoicing,whichislanguagespecific.Forexample,voicingisadistinctivefeatureofMandarinChinese,whereasaspirationisthedistinctivefeatureofEnglish.本题答案：【错误】8、【判断题】Plosivesoccurwhentheairstreamisblockedorstoppedcompletelybeforeitsrelease.Theyarealsoknownasstopsbecausetheyinvolvethecompleteblockageoftheairstream.本题答案：【正确】9、【判断题】Thesound/?/remainsunchangedatthewordboundarieswhereitisfollowedbyawordbeginningwithavowelsoundasinbringit(/br???t/)andsingusasong(/s???s?s??/).However,inthecaseofadjectives,theaddingofthesuffixes–eror-esttothecomparativeandsuperlativedegreeofthewordslongerandlongesthaschangedthepronunciationof/?/into/?ɡ/.本题答案：【正确】10、【判断题】Withintheclassofapproximants,lateral/l/andretroflex/r/arefurtherdistinguishedfromsemi-vowels/j/and/w/.Thisisbecause/j/and/w/aremadewithoutarestrictiontotheairflow.Theyarephoneticallylikeconsonantsbutphonologicallylikevowels.本题答案：【错误】Achievementtests41、【判断题】ThegeneraldistributionofRPconsonantsisthatallconsonantscanoccurattheinitialpositionassingletonsexcept/n/,andthatallconsonantscanappearatthefinalpositionassingletonsexcept/h,w,j,r/.本题答案：【错误】2、【判断题】Thedark[?]hastwotypesofdistributions.Oneisinword-finalposition,aftervowel,asincallandreal,andalsoaftervowel,beforeconsonant,suchascoldandhelp.Theotherissyllabic[??]:e.g.littleandtable.本题答案：【正确】3、【判断题】Both‘clear’[l]and‘dark’[?]areformedwiththetipofthetonguetouchingtheteethridge.Theonlydifferenceisthatinthearticulationofthe‘clear’[l],thebackpartofthetongueisraisedtowardsthehardpalate.Inthearticulationofthe‘dark’[?],thefrontpartofthetongueisraisedtowardsthesoftpalateandslightlyvelarised,withaconcaveuppersurface.本题答案：【错误】4、【判断题】Withintheclassofapproximants,lateral/l/andretroflex/r/arefurtherdistinguishedfromsemi-vowels/j/and/w/.Thisisbecause/j/and/w/aremadewithoutarestrictiontotheairflow.Theyarephoneticallylikeconsonantsbutphonologicallylikevowels.本题答案：【错误】5、【判断题】Affricatesoccurwhenacompleteclosureismadesomewhereinthemouth,andthesoftpalateisraised.Airpressureincreasesbehindtheclosure,andisthenreleasedmoreslowlythaninplosives.本题答案：【正确】6、【判断题】Thesound/?/remainsunchangedatthewordboundarieswhereitisfollowedbyawordbeginningwithavowelsoundasinbringit(/br???t/)andsingusasong(/s???s?s??/).However,inthecaseofadjectives,theaddingofthesuffixes–eror-esttothecomparativeandsuperlativedegreeofthewordslongerandlongesthaschangedthepronunciationof/?/into/?ɡ/.本题答案：【正确】7、【判断题】Inaudible(incomplete)releaseofplosivesreferstotheprocessofarticulationofaplosiveisnotcomplete.Ithasonlytwostages,namely,theclosureandthecompression,withouttherelease.本题答案：【正确】8、【判断题】Generallyspeaking,theplaceandthemannerofarticulationarethetwocommonfeaturesofanylanguagesexceptthevoicing,whichislanguagespecific.Forexample,voicingisadistinctivefeatureofMandarinChinese,whereasaspirationisthedistinctivefeatureofEnglish.本题答案：【错误】9、【判断题】Englishdiphthongsaredividedintobothfallingdiphthongs(thefirstvowelsoundispronouncedlonger,louderandstrongerthanthesecondone),andrisingdiphthongs(thesecondsoundisproducedlongerandstrongerthanthefirst本题答案：【错误】10、【判断题】Iftwoadjacentvowelsoundsoccurindifferentsyllables—forexample,intheEnglishwordre-elect(/?ri:??lekt/)—theresultisdescribedashiatusnotasadiphthong.本题答案：【正确】Achievementtest51、【单选题】Theminimumunitofspeechisasyllable.Syllableshaveaminimumofone(asinthewordair/e?/),andamaximumof__________structuralparts(asinthewordtext/tekst/).本题答案：【three】2、【单选题】__________consonantsareconsonantswhichformthenucleusofasyllablethatdoesnotcontainavowel.本题答案：【Syllabic】3、【单选题】Infact,theformationofsyllabicconsonantshasmuchtodowiththe__________principle,aterminauditoryphoneticsfortheoverallloudnessofasoundrelativetoothersofthesamepitch,stressandduration.本题答案：【sonority】4、【单选题】TheVandCVsyllablesarereferredtoasa/an__________syllablebecausetheyendwithavowel.本题答案：【open】5、【单选题】Statementsofwhatsequencesmayormaynotoccurarecalled__________.Thefulldescriptionofsuchconstraintsiscalledphonotactics.本题答案：【constraints】6、【判断题】Syllablesareunitsoflanguage,smallerthanawordbutlargerthanaphoneme,andeverylanguageissaidtohavesyllables.本题答案：【正确】7、【判断题】Phonologicaltreatmentsofsyllablestructureusuallycallthefirstpartofasyllabletheonset,themiddlepartthenucleusandtheendpartthecoda.Thecombinationofnucleusandcodaiscalledtherhyme.本题答案：【正确】8、【判断题】Asyllabicconsonantistobeinterpretedphonologicallyas/?/plusaconsonant,butphoneticallyastheunder-stroke[??]combiningverticallinebelowaconsonant.Thus,thewordbuttonisphonologically['b?tn?]butphonetically/'b?t?n/.本题答案：【错误】9、【判断题】NotallEnglishvowelphonemescanoccurintheCVsyllablepattern,butallcanappearintheCVCpattern.本题答案：【正确】10、【判断题】Englishhasacomplexsystemofconsonantclusters,inwhichtwoormoreconsonantsoccurinsequenceinonsetorcodaposition.本题答案：【正确】Achievementtests61、【单选题】__________stressistherelativedegreeofforcegiventoacertainsyllableinawordofmorethanonesyllablewhenitispronouncedinisolation,asifquotedfromadictionary.本题答案：【Word】2、【单选题】Stressedsyllablesbearfourphysiologicalproperties:loudness,vowelduration,pitchandvowel__________.本题答案：【quality】3、【单选题】Absenceofstressonasyllable,oronawordinsomecases,isfrequentlyassociatedinEnglishwithvowel__________,thechangesthatresultfromunstressedsyllables.本题答案：【reduction】4、【单选题】__________,onthewhole,donothavemucheffectontheplacementofthebaseorrootelement.本题答案：【Prefixes】5、【单选题】Therearetwotypesof-ing+nouncombinations.Foronetype,the-ingformservesasamodifierofthenounandexpressesthepurposeofthenoun;forinstance,dining-roommeanstheroomfordining.Insuchcircumstances,thewordstressalwaysfallsonthe___________element.本题答案：【first】6、【判断题】SomewordsinEnglishareshownindictionariesashavingthreelevelsofstress:primary,secondary,unstressedorweak.本题答案：【正确】7、【判断题】Ineverylexicalword,andinsomegrammaticalwords,onesyllableisidentifiedashavingprimarystress,thoughinmonosyllablesthestressisnotgenerallymarked.本题答案：【正确】8、【判断题】Wordstressistheframeworkuponwhichsentencestressandintonationcontourisbuilt.本题答案：【正确】9、【判断题】Thepitchmovementisassociatedwithsecondarystress,butnotwithprimarystress.本题答案：【错误】10、【判断题】Themajorstressontwo-syllablewordsismorelikelytofallonthesecondsyllableifthewordisanounoranadjective,andonthefirstsyllableifthewordisaverb.本题答案：【错误】Achievementtests1、【单选题】Stressedsyllablesbearfourphysiologicalproperties:loudness,vowelduration,pitchandvowel__________.本题答案：【quality】2、【单选题】Infact,theformationofsyllabicconsonantshasmuchtodowiththe__________principle,aterminauditoryphoneticsfortheoverallloudnessofasoundrelativetoothersofthesamepitch,stressandduration.本题答案：【sonority】3、【单选题】InEnglish,[l]and[?]areallophonesofthephoneme/l/becausetheyoccurin___________________,i.e.,theyneverappearinthesamesoundcontexts.[l]alwaysoccursbeforevowels(asinthewordleaf,look),while[?]comesaftervowelsandbeforeconsonants(asinthewordfeel,cold).本题答案：【complementarydistribution】4、【单选题】The__________Pronunciation,orRPforshort,istheinstantlyrecognisableaccentoftendescribedas‘typicallyBritish’.ItisdefinedintheConciseOxfordEnglishDictionaryas“thestandardaccentofEnglishasspokeninthesouthofEngland”.本题答案：【Received】5、【单选题】Stressisbeingusedinamoregeneralway.Itreferstothesyllablethatreceiveslexicalstress.__________,ontheotherhand,isbeingusedinamorespecificway.Itisaplacewhereatonalmarkerwillfallonthelexicallystressedsyllable.本题答案：【Accent】6、【判断题】Inmorethanthree-syllablewords,iftheprimarystressfallsonthethirdsyllableorlater,thesecondarystressareusuallymarkedononeoftheprecedingsyllables,forexample,introduction//?ntr?d?k?n/andeducation/e?uke??n/.本题答案：【正确】7、【判断题】WordstressinEnglishisnotaspredictableasitisinotherlanguages,andtherefore,thestressplacementinEnglishwordsisnotrule-governe本题答案：【错误】8、【判断题】Phonologicaltreatmentsofsyllablestructureusuallycallthefirstpartofasyllabletheonset,themiddlepartthenucleusandtheendpartthecodThecombinationofnucleusandcodaiscalledtherhyme.本题答案：【正确】9、【判断题】NotallEnglishvowelphonemescanoccurintheCVsyllablepattern,butallcanappearintheCVCpattern.本题答案：【正确】10、【判断题】Incodaposition,themaximumnumberofclustersisfour.Manyclustersoftwoorthreeandvirtuallyallclusteroffouraretheresultofaddingaplural/s,z/orapasttense/t,d/inflectiontoastemendingintwoorthreeconsonants本题答案：【正确】Achievementtests81、【判断题】Thenotionofrhythmcomesfromtheunstressedsyllables.WordandsentencestresscombinetocreatetherhythmofanEnglishutterance.本题答案：【错误】2、【判断题】Justasinmusic,spokenEnglishmovesinregular,rhythmicbeatsfromstresstostress–irrespectiveofhowmanyunstressedsyllablesfallinbetween.本题答案：【正确】3、【判断题】Arhythmgroupcontainsmorethanonestressedsyllable,togetherwithunstressedsyllablesclusteringaboutitornone.本题答案：【错误】4、【判断题】Anyunstressedsyllablesthatmaycomebeforethefirstrhythmgroupdonotbelongtoanystress-group.Theyarethestrongbeatandarereadasquicklyaspossible.本题答案：【错误】5、【判断题】ChineselearnersofEnglisharelikelytoassignequalweighttoeachsyllable,regardlessofwhetherthesyllableisstressedorunstressed.本题答案：【正确】6、【判断题】Theepenthesis(orinsertion)ofglides[j,w]occursbecausetheyaretheleastmarkedepentheticconsonantsinhiatusposition.本题答案：【正确】7、【判断题】Anon-rhoticspeakerwillpronouncewordslikefaras/fɑ?r/,whereasarhoticspeakerdoesnotpronounce[r]atallunlessfollowedbyavowel.本题答案：【错误】8、【判断题】Forrhoticspeakers[r]ispronouncedjustbecausefarhasan[r]init,butfornon-rhoticspeakers[r]appearsinfarawaybecausethefirstwordendswithavowelandthesecondwordbeginswithavowel,namely,the[r]linksthetwowordstogether.本题答案：【正确】9、【判断题】Vowelswhichtrigger[r]-insertionnevertrigger[j]-insertionor[w]-insertion.Eachglidehasitsowndomain,althoughthedomainsexemptshortstressedvowels/e,?,?,?,?/,whichneveroccurword-finallyinEnglish.本题答案：【正确】10、【判断题】Generallyspeaking,theassimilationinvolvesbothvowelsandconsonants,particularlyacrosswordboundaries,butwithinwordstoo.本题答案：【错误】Achievementtests91、【判断题】Englishintonationhasthreesystemicfeatures:tonality,tonicityandtone.本题答案：【正确】2、【判断题】Apublicspeakertendstopauselessfrequentlytomaketheirmessageclearerormoreemphatic.Bycontrast,ifthespeakeriscommunicatingurgency,hemaycontainmorebreaks.本题答案：【错误】3、【判断题】Nomatterinspontaneousconversationorinmaterialreadaloud,thespeakermustpauseataproperplacewhereitmakessensebecausetheintonationphraseboundarymayacttodifferentiatebetweentwopossiblemeanings.本题答案：【正确】4、【判断题】Thenucleus,alsoknownasnuclearsyllableortonicsyllable,thesyllablethatbearsthenucleartone(afall,rise,fall-riseorrise-fall).本题答案：【正确】5、【判断题】Accenthaspotentialityforstress.Itinvolveshowaprominenceissupposedtobemade,whilestressreferstowhyaprominenceisplacedinacertainpositionofanintonationphrase.本题答案：【错误】6、【判断题】Pragmaticreasonsfordeaccentingthe‘lastcontentword’involveoldorrepeatedinformation,namely,wordsexpressknownorgiveninformation.本题答案：【正确】7、【判断题】Somewordshavelittlemeaningoftheirown.Theirmeaningcanbeinferredfromcertaincontext.Suchwordsareusuallynotaccentedeventhoughtheyarethelastcontentwords.本题答案：【正确】8、【判断题】Wheneverypartofanintonationphraseisbroughtintofocus,wehavenarrowfocus.Ifwefocusonlyononeparticularpart,wehavebroadfocus.本题答案：【错误】9、【判断题】Afallmayindicatedefiniteness,arisemaysuggestsomeimplications,andafall-risemayimplyincompleteness.本题答案：【错误】10、【判断题】Insentencenon-finalpositionthedifferenceintonemeaningbetweenlowrise,highrise,fall-riseormidleveltonevarietiesisnotgreat.Sometimesspeakersjustseemtoringthechangesbetweenthemtoavoidrepetition.本题答案：【正确】Achievementtests101、【判断题】Iftherearesyllablefollowingthenucleus(i.e.thetail),therisingpitchmovementdoesnothappenwhollyonthenuclearsyllable,asinthecaseofafall.Rather,thesyllableorsyllablesofthetailwillcontinuetomoveupwardsfromthepitchofthenuclearsyllable.本题答案：【正确】2、【判断题】Thepitchmovementforafall,eitherhighorlow,isallinonedirection,namelydownwards.Oftentherearesyllablesafterthenucleus,atail.Afterafallingnucleus,thetailisalwayshigh.本题答案：【错误】3、【判断题】Inacomplexlowlevelhead,thereisnoupwardmovementinthehead.Theonsetandalltheremainingsyllablesoftheheadareutteredonalowpitch.本题答案：【正确】4、【判断题】Asimpleheadisonethatcontainsonlyonestressedsyllable,whileacomplexheadscontainstwoormorestressedsyllables.本题答案：【正确】5、【判断题】Theheaddoesnotnecessarilyconsistofacompleteword.Theyareusuallyspokenwithafairlylowlevelpitch.本题答案：【错误】6、【判断题】Bydefinition,thepreheadcontainsnostressedsyllables,butoccasionally,preheadmayincludeasyllablethatislexicallystressedbutthatthespeakerchoosesnottostress.本题答案：【正确】7、【判断题】Thepreheaddoesnotnecessarilyconsistofacompleteword.Theyareusuallyspokenwithafairlyhighlevelpitch.本题答案：【错误】8、【判断题】Therelativeheightofthepitchrangewilldependonthefrequencyofvibrationofthevocalcords:thehigherthefrequencyofvibration,thelowerthepitch.本题答案：【错误】9、【判断题】AlthougheveryIPcontainsanucleus,notallIPscontainaprehead,headoratail.本题答案：【正确】10、【判断题】AcompleteIP,accordingtoJohnWells(2006),consistsoffourconstituentelements,namely,theprehead,thehead,thenucleusandthetail.本题答案：【正确】期末考试1、【单选题】Thesoftpalateisalsocalled__________.本题答案：【velum】2、【单选题】/p/,/b/,/m/and/w/areproducedwiththehelpof__________.本题答案：【theupperandlowerlip】3、【单选题】Thestudyofspeechorgansisimportanttoknowthenatureof__________.本题答案：【speechproduction】4、【单选题】Thepositionalvariantsofthesamephonemeareknownas__________.本题答案：【allophones】5、【单选题】UsingthediacriticsprovidedbytheIPA,_____________transcriptioncapturesasmanyaspectsofaspecificpronunciationaspossibleandmakesverysubtledistinctionsbetweensounds.本题答案：【narrow】6、【单选题】Likealllanguagesintheworld,Englishphonemesarealsodividedintovowelsandconsonants.Thedistinctionbetweenthetwoliesintheobstructionof__________.本题答案：【airstream】7、【单选题】The__________Pronunciation,orRPforshort,istheinstantlyrecognisableaccentoftendescribedas‘typicallyBritish’.ItisdefinedintheConciseOxfordEnglishDictionaryas“thestandardaccentofEnglishasspokeninthesouthofEngland”.本题答案：【Received】8、【单选题】Thevowel__________canbedescribedaslow,front,andunrounded,butthefeature“unrounded”isusuallyomittedbecauseallfrontvowelsinEnglishareunrounded.本题答案：【/?/】9、【单选题】Syllabically,althoughadiphthongisacombinationoftwovowelsounds,andthetongueglidesintheproductionofit,itisperceivedasonephoneme,nottwo.Thus,diphthongsaretreatedashavingone__________only.本题答案：【syllable】10、【单选题】Thedurationofadiphthongissimilartothatofa__________vowel.本题答案：【long】11、【单选题】Consonantsareformedbyinterrupting,narrowingordivertingtheairflowinavarietyofways.TherearethreewaysofclassifyingtheEnglishconsonantsounds:__________ofarticulation,mannerofarticulationandvoicing.本题答案：【place】12、【单选题】WhenwediscusstheEnglishconsonant,webeginwithvoicingfirst,thentheplaceofarticulationandlastly,themannerofarticulation.Thesound__________,forinstance,issaidbrieflyasvoicelesspalate-alveolaraffricate.本题答案：【/?/】13、【单选题】__________releasereferstotheairusedtoproducethestopisreleasedthroughthenoseratherthanthemouth,namely,thevelumisloweredbeforethestopclosureisremovedandtheairpressurewillbereleasedthroughthenoseinsteadofthemouth.本题答案：【Nasal】14、【单选题】Fricativesoundscanbemaintainedaslongasthereisairinthelungs;forthisreasontheyareknownas__________.本题答案：【continuants】15、【单选题】RPhastwoallophonicvariantsof/r/.Oneisretroflex[r],andtheotheristaporflap[?].Inthepronunciationofretroflex[r],thetonguecurlsbackwardandretroflexesatthe__________.本题答案：【tip】16、【单选题】Theminimumunitofspeechisasyllable.Syllableshaveaminimumofone(asinthewordair/e?/),andamaximumof__________structuralparts(asinthewordtext/tekst/).本题答案：【three】17、【单选题】__________consonantsareconsonantswhichformthenucleusofasyllablethatdoesnotcontainavowel.本题答案：【Syllabic】18、【单选题】TheVandCVsyllablesarereferredtoasa/an__________syllablebecausetheyendwithavowel.本题答案：【open】19、【单选题】With__________clustersofthreeconsonants,thefirstsoundisalways/s/,thesecondsoundisavoicelessplosive/p,t,k/,andthethirdsoundisoneofthefourapproximants/l,r,w,j/.本题答案：【onset】20、【单选题】Therearecaseswhereaconsonantoraclustercouldbeeitherthecodatothefirstsyllableofaword,ortheonsettothesecond,wecansaythatitfulfilsbothfunctions,forinstance,the/b/inrabbit,the/st/inposting,the/n/and/m/incinema.Thisisknownas___________.本题答案：【ambisyllabicity】21、【判断题】Intheproductionofaconsonantsound,theairstreamfromthelungsmeetsnoobstructionofanykindinthethroat,thenose,orthemouth,whileinthepronunciationofavowel,theairstreamfromthelungsisobstructedinonewayoranother.本题答案：【错误】22、【判断题】DanielJonesworkedoutasetofCardinalVowelsthatstudentslearningphoneticscouldbetaughttoproduce,theaimofwhichistogiveanapproximatepictureofthedegreeanddirectionofthetonguemovementinvolved.本题答案：【正确】23、【判断题】Tonguepositionindicateswhetherthefront(asfor/i:,?,e,?/),thecentral(asfor/?:,?,?/)ortheback(asfor/ɑ:,?,?:,?,u:/)ofthetongueisinvolvedaccordingtothehorizontalmovementofthetongue.本题答案：【正确】24、【判断题】Vowel/?/isdistributedinsyllable-initial,medialandfinalposition(e.g.act/?kt/,hat/h?t/andrapid/r?p?d/,butnotinword-finalposition.本题答案：【正确】25、【判断题】Englishdiphthongsaredividedintobothfallingdiphthongs(thefirstvowelsoundispronouncedlonger,louderandstrongerthanthesecondone),andrisingdiphthongs(thesecondsoundisproducedlongerandstrongerthanthefirst).本题答案：【错误】26、【判断题】Themannerofarticulationreferstothewayinwhichtheairstreamisobstructed.Forexample,withplosivesounds,thearticulationactsinsuchawaythattheairistemporarilytrapped,andthensuddenlyreleased.本题答案：【正确】27、【判断题】Plosivesoccurwhentheairstreamisblockedorstoppedcompletelybeforeitsrelease.Theyarealsoknownasstopsbecausetheyinvolvethecompleteblockageoftheairstream.本题答案：【正确】28、【判断题】Thesound/?/remainsunc