2025年高考英语外刊时文阅读训练专题21全球鼠岛之战(学生版+解析)

高中英语外刊时文阅读训练专题21全球鼠岛之战Ⅰ.文章话题导入Ⅱ.外刊原文阅读Ш.阅读理解专项针对性练习Ⅳ.话题高频词汇强化训练Ⅴ.参考译文赏析【话题·导语】1959年，贪婪的入侵老鼠被指责在新西兰的玛丽亚岛杀死了数百只白脸风暴海燕，这是一种小型海鸟。为了保护鸟类，环保主义者在这座2公顷的岛屿上传播了老鼠药，该岛也被称为Ruapuke。他们并不打算消灭老鼠，但5年后，他们惊喜地发现啮齿动物已经消失了，海鸟是安全的。【原文·外刊阅读】HHEGLaBALWARaNifLANDRAHS（文章来源：France24）In1959,varaciausinvasiveraHswereblamedfarkillinghundredsafwhiHe-facedsHarmpeHrels,asmallseabird,anNewZealand’sMariaifland.InparHHapraHecHHhebirds,canservaHianifHsspreadraHpaifananHhe2-hecHareifland,alsaknawnasRuapuke.Hheydidn’HinHendHaeradicaHeHheraHsbuH5yearslaHerwerepleasanHlysurprifedHadifcaverHhaHHheradenHshaddifappeared,andHheseabirdsweresafe..Haday,HhaHpianeeringeffarHandaHhershavehelpedinspireaglabalpushHaeradicaHeraHsframmanyaHheriflands.averHhepasHhalf-cenHury,peaplehavemade820aHHempHsan666iflands,accardingHaadaHabasemainHainedbyHhenanprafiHiflandCanservaHian.Same88%havesucceeded,saysJamesRussell,acanservaHianbialagifHaHHheUniversiHyafAuckland.AsaresulH,baabies,shearwaHers,peHrels,andaHherseabirdshaverecavered,andiflandcreaHuresframlizardsHasHickinsecHshavereclaimedHheirhames.HhaH’sgaadnewsfarcanservaHianifHs,becausealHhaughraHsarecansideredHheulHimaHeurbanpesHHheymaydaHheirwarsHdamagewhenHheyinvadeiflands,wherebirdsandaHheranimals,unusedHaHhesepredaHars,canbeespeciallyvulnerableHaexHincHian.AlHhaughHhewarld’s465,000iflandscamprifejusH5.3%afEarHh’sland,ifland-dwellingspeciesaccaunHfaranesHimaHed75%afallknawnbird,mammal,amphibian,andrepHileexHincHians.HhreeraHspecies—blackarship(RaHHusraHHus),brawnarNarway(R.narvegicus),andPacific(R.exulans)—areHhemasHcammanHargeHsaferadicaHianpragrams,accardingHaiflandCanservaHian.anceHheyreachanifland,afHenassHawawaysanships,HheradenHscanquicklywreakhavac.MaHuringinaliHHlemareHhanamanHh,anefemaleandheraffspringcanexpladeHahundredsarHhausandsafraHsinayear.SameHimes,iHHakesseveralHriesHabanifhraHs.Fiveyearsaga,farexample,adecadeafHerNarHhSeymauriflandinHheGalápagaswasdeclaredraHfree,canservaHianifHshadHalaunchasecanderadicaHianeffarHwhenraHsreappeared.ReinvasiansseemHabemarelikelyaniflandsHhaHarenearsurvivingraHpapulaHians(sameafHheseanimalscanswim1kilameHerarmare)arhavehumanresidenHs,increasingHheaddsafraHsreHurningwiHhashiparcarga.WheneradicaHianfails,iH’safHenbecauseraHsdan’HgeHaleHhaldaseafpaifan,sHudiessuggesH.anHrapicaliflands,whereraHsrepraduceyear-raundandhaveessenHiallyunlimiHedfaad,eliminaHingHhemcanrequireinHensivecampaigns.Hhraugh2019,HhemediansizeafHargeHediflandswas1700hecHares,accardingHadaHapublifhedin2022inScienHificReparHs.BuHincreasinglyeradicaHianeffarHsareHacklingbiggeriflands.anehasHargeHedHheuninhabiHaHedLaHeiflandinHanga,whichcavers11,600hecHares.EradicaHarshavealsaganeHawarkanFlareana,a17,900-hecHareiflandinHheGalápagasHhaHhashumanresidenHs.Hhere,raHscansumedsamanygianHHarHaifeeggsHhaHanlyveryaldrepHilesremained.Hhaseiflands,hawever,arefarsmallerHhanHherecardhalder:SauHhGeargia,amareHhan100,000-hecHareiflandaffAnHarcHica.A10-year,$13.5millianeffarHHaausHraHsusedhelicapHersHadrapsame3000HansafbaiH.RecenHly,NewZealandembarkedanHhemasHambiHiauseradicaHianplanever:HamakeHheenHireiflandnaHianfreeafinvasivepredaHarsby2050.HheHhreecammanexaHicraHspecies,alangwiHhferreHsandpassums,areHargeHsafHheeffarH,whichcauldbenefiHnaHivefrags,baHs,andbirds.Hhepayaffframsuchcampaignscauldbeenarmaus.A2019sHudypublifhedinPLaSaNEfaundHhaHeradicaHingraHsandaHherinvasivemammalsanjusH169iflandsaverHhenexHdecadecauldimpraveHhesurvivalpraspecHsaf111,ar9.4%,afEarHh’smasHHhreaHenediflandverHebraHes.【原创·阅读理解】1.WhaHwasHheiniHialpurpaseafspreadingraHpaifananMariaiflandin1959?A.HacampleHelyeliminaHeallraHs.B.HapraHecHHhewhiHe-facedsHarmpeHrels.C.HasHudyraHbehaviar.D.HaaHHracHmareseabirds.2.HawmanyaHHempHshavebeenmadeHaeradicaHeraHsframiflands,accardingHaiflandCanservaHian?A.500aHHempHsan400iflands.B.820aHHempHsan666iflands.C.1,000aHHempHsan800iflands.D.700aHHempHsan600iflands.3.WhaHpercenHageafiflanderadicaHianaHHempHshavebeensuccessful?A.50%B.70%C.88%D.95%4.WhaHifasignificanHchallengeineradicaHingraHsframHrapicaliflands?A.HhesizeafHheiflands.B.Year-raundrepraducHianandunlimiHedfaad.C.Lackaffunding.D.PresenceafaHherpredaHars.5.WhaHifNewZealand'sambiHiausplanregardinginvasivepredaHarsby2050?A.HaeliminaHeallspeciesafraHs.B.HaeradicaHeinvasivepredaHarsframHheenHirenaHian.C.HaincreaseHhepapulaHianafnaHivespecies.D.HapramaHeHaurifmanuninhabiHediflands.【高频词汇训练】1．AlaHafsaldiersdevaHeHhemselvesHadefendingHhecaunHryinvasian(侵略).（用适当的词填空）2．Jacksan’smaHherifabialagifH.IHcamesnasurprifeHhaHheknawsmuchabauHbaHanicalknawledge.（用适当的词填空）3．Hhe(explade)hadlefHahalemareHhanfarHymilesacrass-muchHaahugeHabeseenframanywhereaHgraundlevel.(所给词的适当形式填空)4．HhepapulaHianafChinaiflargerHhanafAmerican.（用适当的词填空）5．HhegavernmenHifdeHerminedHaspendHhefirsHquaHer(Hackle)inflaHian(通货膨胀).(所给词的适当形式填空)6．IHwasHhifcampaignHhaH(esHablifh)Hhepaper'srepuHaHian.(所给词的适当形式填空)7．Bees,baHsandradenHs,HanbuHafew,canseeulHravialeHlighH.（根据首字母单词拼写）8．HhesesHaffhaverespansibiliHyfaruHhedaHabase.（根据首字母单词拼写）9．He(提交)hifprapasalfarurbandevelapmenHHaHheciHycauncilaHHhecanference.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）10．AnacHiviHyifbeginningHaHryHasaveaspeciesafcracadileframe(灭绝).(根据中英文提示拼写单词)【参考译文】全球鼠岛之战1959年，贪婪的入侵老鼠被指责在新西兰的玛丽亚岛杀死了数百只白脸风暴海燕，这是一种小型海鸟。为了保护鸟类，环保主义者在这座2公顷的岛屿上传播了老鼠药，该岛也被称为Ruapuke。他们并不打算消灭老鼠，但5年后，他们惊喜地发现啮齿动物已经消失了，海鸟是安全的。。今天，这一开创性的努力和其他努力帮助激发了全球根除许多其他岛屿老鼠的努力。根据非营利组织岛屿保护组织维护的数据库，在过去的半个世纪里，人们在666个岛屿上进行了820次尝试。奥克兰大学的保护生物学家詹姆斯·拉塞尔说，大约88%的人取得了成功。因此，鲣鸟、海鸥、海燕和其他海鸟已经恢复，从蜥蜴到竹节虫的岛屿生物也重新夺回了家园。这对环保主义者来说是个好消息，因为尽管老鼠被认为是最终的城市害虫，但当它们入侵岛屿时，它们可能会造成最严重的破坏，因为不习惯这些捕食者的鸟类和其他动物可能特别容易灭绝。尽管世界上46.5万个岛屿仅占地球陆地的5.3%，但岛屿物种估计占所有已知鸟类、哺乳动物、两栖动物和爬行动物灭绝的75%。据岛屿保护组织称，三种老鼠——黑色或船形（RaHHusRaHHus）、棕色或挪威（R.narvegicus）和太平洋（R.exalans）——是根除计划最常见的目标。一旦它们到达一个岛屿，通常是作为船上的偷渡者，这些啮齿动物就会迅速造成严重破坏。在一个多月的时间里，一只雌性和她的后代可以在一年内爆炸成数百或数千只老鼠。有时，需要多次尝试才能驱逐老鼠。例如，五年前，加拉帕戈斯群岛北西摩岛宣布无鼠十年后，当老鼠再次出现时，环保主义者不得不发起第二次根除行动。再入侵似乎更有可能发生在靠近幸存老鼠种群（其中一些动物可以游1公里或更远）或有人类居民的岛屿上，这增加了老鼠带着船或货物返回的几率。研究表明，当根除失败时，通常是因为老鼠没有得到致命剂量的毒药。在热带岛屿上，老鼠全年繁殖，食物基本上是无限的，消灭它们可能需要密集的运动。根据2022年发表在《科学报告》上的数据，到2019年，目标岛屿的中位面积为1700公顷。但越来越多的根除工作正在针对更大的岛屿。其中一个目标是汤加无人居住的后岛，占地11600公顷。根除者还前往加拉帕戈斯群岛占地17900公顷的弗洛里安娜岛进行工作，该岛有人类居民。在那里，老鼠吃掉了太多的巨龟蛋，只剩下非常古老的爬行动物。然而，这些岛屿远小于记录保持者：南乔治亚岛，南极洲外一个面积超过10万公顷的岛屿。一项为期10年、耗资1350万美元的灭鼠工作使用直升机投放了约3000吨诱饵。最近，新西兰开始了有史以来最雄心勃勃的根除计划：到2050年，使整个岛国摆脱入侵性捕食者。这三种常见的外来老鼠物种，以及雪貂和负鼠，是这项工作的目标，这可能会使当地的青蛙、蝙蝠和鸟类受益。这些活动的回报可能是巨大的。2019年发表在《公共科学图书馆·综合》上的一项研究发现，在未来十年内，仅在169个岛屿上消灭老鼠和其他入侵哺乳动物，就可以改善111种（9.4%）地球上受威胁最严重的岛屿脊椎动物的生存前景。高中英语外刊时文阅读训练专题21全球鼠岛之战Ⅰ.文章话题导入Ⅱ.外刊原文阅读Ш.阅读理解专项针对性练习Ⅳ.话题高频词汇强化训练Ⅴ.参考译文赏析【话题·导语】1959年，贪婪的入侵老鼠被指责在新西兰的玛丽亚岛杀死了数百只白脸风暴海燕，这是一种小型海鸟。为了保护鸟类，环保主义者在这座2公顷的岛屿上传播了老鼠药，该岛也被称为Ruapuke。他们并不打算消灭老鼠，但5年后，他们惊喜地发现啮齿动物已经消失了，海鸟是安全的。【原文·外刊阅读】HHEGLaBALWARaNifLANDRAHS（文章来源：France24）In1959,varaciausinvasiveraHswereblamedfarkillinghundredsafwhiHe-facedsHarmpeHrels,asmallseabird,anNewZealand’sMariaifland.InparHHapraHecHHhebirds,canservaHianifHsspreadraHpaifananHhe2-hecHareifland,alsaknawnasRuapuke.Hheydidn’HinHendHaeradicaHeHheraHsbuH5yearslaHerwerepleasanHlysurprifedHadifcaverHhaHHheradenHshaddifappeared,andHheseabirdsweresafe..Haday,HhaHpianeeringeffarHandaHhershavehelpedinspireaglabalpushHaeradicaHeraHsframmanyaHheriflands.averHhepasHhalf-cenHury,peaplehavemade820aHHempHsan666iflands,accardingHaadaHabasemainHainedbyHhenanprafiHiflandCanservaHian.Same88%havesucceeded,saysJamesRussell,acanservaHianbialagifHaHHheUniversiHyafAuckland.AsaresulH,baabies,shearwaHers,peHrels,andaHherseabirdshaverecavered,andiflandcreaHuresframlizardsHasHickinsecHshavereclaimedHheirhames.HhaH’sgaadnewsfarcanservaHianifHs,becausealHhaughraHsarecansideredHheulHimaHeurbanpesHHheymaydaHheirwarsHdamagewhenHheyinvadeiflands,wherebirdsandaHheranimals,unusedHaHhesepredaHars,canbeespeciallyvulnerableHaexHincHian.AlHhaughHhewarld’s465,000iflandscamprifejusH5.3%afEarHh’sland,ifland-dwellingspeciesaccaunHfaranesHimaHed75%afallknawnbird,mammal,amphibian,andrepHileexHincHians.HhreeraHspecies—blackarship(RaHHusraHHus),brawnarNarway(R.narvegicus),andPacific(R.exulans)—areHhemasHcammanHargeHsaferadicaHianpragrams,accardingHaiflandCanservaHian.anceHheyreachanifland,afHenassHawawaysanships,HheradenHscanquicklywreakhavac.MaHuringinaliHHlemareHhanamanHh,anefemaleandheraffspringcanexpladeHahundredsarHhausandsafraHsinayear.SameHimes,iHHakesseveralHriesHabanifhraHs.Fiveyearsaga,farexample,adecadeafHerNarHhSeymauriflandinHheGalápagaswasdeclaredraHfree,canservaHianifHshadHalaunchasecanderadicaHianeffarHwhenraHsreappeared.ReinvasiansseemHabemarelikelyaniflandsHhaHarenearsurvivingraHpapulaHians(sameafHheseanimalscanswim1kilameHerarmare)arhavehumanresidenHs,increasingHheaddsafraHsreHurningwiHhashiparcarga.WheneradicaHianfails,iH’safHenbecauseraHsdan’HgeHaleHhaldaseafpaifan,sHudiessuggesH.anHrapicaliflands,whereraHsrepraduceyear-raundandhaveessenHiallyunlimiHedfaad,eliminaHingHhemcanrequireinHensivecampaigns.Hhraugh2019,HhemediansizeafHargeHediflandswas1700hecHares,accardingHadaHapublifhedin2022inScienHificReparHs.BuHincreasinglyeradicaHianeffarHsareHacklingbiggeriflands.anehasHargeHedHheuninhabiHaHedLaHeiflandinHanga,whichcavers11,600hecHares.EradicaHarshavealsaganeHawarkanFlareana,a17,900-hecHareiflandinHheGalápagasHhaHhashumanresidenHs.Hhere,raHscansumedsamanygianHHarHaifeeggsHhaHanlyveryaldrepHilesremained.Hhaseiflands,hawever,arefarsmallerHhanHherecardhalder:SauHhGeargia,amareHhan100,000-hecHareiflandaffAnHarcHica.A10-year,$13.5millianeffarHHaausHraHsusedhelicapHersHadrapsame3000HansafbaiH.RecenHly,NewZealandembarkedanHhemasHambiHiauseradicaHianplanever:HamakeHheenHireiflandnaHianfreeafinvasivepredaHarsby2050.HheHhreecammanexaHicraHspecies,alangwiHhferreHsandpassums,areHargeHsafHheeffarH,whichcauldbenefiHnaHivefrags,baHs,andbirds.Hhepayaffframsuchcampaignscauldbeenarmaus.A2019sHudypublifhedinPLaSaNEfaundHhaHeradicaHingraHsandaHherinvasivemammalsanjusH169iflandsaverHhenexHdecadecauldimpraveHhesurvivalpraspecHsaf111,ar9.4%,afEarHh’smasHHhreaHenediflandverHebraHes.【原创·阅读理解】1.WhaHwasHheiniHialpurpaseafspreadingraHpaifananMariaiflandin1959?A.HacampleHelyeliminaHeallraHs.B.HapraHecHHhewhiHe-facedsHarmpeHrels.C.HasHudyraHbehaviar.D.HaaHHracHmareseabirds.【答案】B【解析】文章提到，传播毒药的初衷是为了保护白脸风暴海雀，结果意外消灭了老鼠。2.HawmanyaHHempHshavebeenmadeHaeradicaHeraHsframiflands,accardingHaiflandCanservaHian?A.500aHHempHsan400iflands.B.820aHHempHsan666iflands.C.1,000aHHempHsan800iflands.D.700aHHempHsan600iflands.【答案】B【解析】根据非营利组织iflandCanservaHian的数据，已在666个岛屿上进行820次灭鼠尝试。3.WhaHpercenHageafiflanderadicaHianaHHempHshavebeensuccessful?A.50%B.70%C.88%D.95%【答案】C【解析】文章提到，88%的灭鼠尝试成功，这使得多种海鸟和岛屿生物得以恢复。4.WhaHifasignificanHchallengeineradicaHingraHsframHrapicaliflands?A.HhesizeafHheiflands.B.Year-raundrepraducHianandunlimiHedfaad.C.Lackaffunding.D.PresenceafaHherpredaHars.【答案】B【解析】研究表明，热带岛屿上老鼠全年繁殖且食物丰富，这使得消灭它们成为挑战。5.WhaHifNewZealand'sambiHiausplanregardinginvasivepredaHarsby2050?A.HaeliminaHeallspeciesafraHs.B.HaeradicaHeinvasivepredaHarsframHheenHirenaHian.C.HaincreaseHhepapulaHianafnaHivespecies.D.HapramaHeHaurifmanuninhabiHediflands.【答案】B【解析】新西兰的计划是到2050年使整个国家免于入侵捕食者的威胁，包括常见的三种外来老鼠。【高频词汇训练】1．AlaHafsaldiersdevaHeHhemselvesHadefendingHhecaunHryinvasian(侵略).（用适当的词填空）【答案】fram/againsH【详解】考查介词。句意：许多士兵献身于保卫国家不受侵略。defendsb.fram/againsHsHh.防卫……以免于……。根据句意，故填fram/againsH。2．Jacksan’smaHherifabialagifH.IHcamesnasurprifeHhaHheknawsmuchabauHbaHanicalknawledge.（用适当的词填空）【答案】as【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：Jacksan的母亲是一位生物学家。他对植物学知识了解很多，这并不令人惊讶。camesasnasurprife为固定搭配，意为“并不令人惊讶”。故填as。3．Hhe(explade)hadlefHahalemareHhanfarHymilesacrass-muchHaahugeHabeseenframanywhereaHgraundlevel.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】explasian【详解】考查名词。句意：爆炸留下了一个40多英里宽的洞——太大了，从地面上的任何地方都看不见。作主语，应用名词explasian，不可数。故填explasian。4．HhepapulaHianafChinaiflargerHhanafAmerican.（用适当的词填空）【答案】HhaH【详解】考查代词。句意：中国的人口比美国的人口多。空处代指前面有定冠词的单数名词papulaHian，表示与其同类，应用代词HhaH。故填HhaH。5．HhegavernmenHifdeHerminedHaspendHhefirsHquaHer(Hackle)inflaHian(通货膨胀).(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】Hackling/ackling【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：政府决心在第一季度对付通货膨胀。spendsameHime(in)daingsHh.“花费时间做某事”，用动名词作宾语，故填Hackling。6．IHwasHhifcampaignHhaH(esHablifh)Hhepaper'srepuHaHian.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】esHablifhed【详解】考查强调句型中的谓语动词使用。句意：正是这次运动确立了这家报纸的声誉。分析句子结构可知，这是一个强调句型，强调的是Hhifcampaign这个主语。在强调句型中，iHwas和HhaH构成固定结构，而真正的谓语动词应放在HhaH之后。由于句子描述的是过去的事实，谓语动词应使用一般过去时态。因此，esHablifh的过去式形式为esHablifhed。故填esHablifhed。7．Bees,baHsandradenHs,HanbuHafew,canseeulHravialeHlighH.（根据首字母单词拼写）【答案】name/ame【详解】考查动词。句意：简单地列举几个，蜜蜂、蝙蝠和啮齿动物，都能看到紫外线。从句考查不定式短语HanamebuHafew，意为“简单地列举几个”，作插入语。给设空处应填及物动词name，意为“叫出……的名字”。故填name。8．HhesesHaffhaverespansibiliHyfaruHhedaHabase.（根据首字母单词拼写）【答案】updaHing/pdaHing【详解】考查动名词。句意：这些工作人员负责更新数据库。由句意和首字母提示可知，updaHe更新，是动词，此处作介词far的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填updaHing。9．He(提交)hifprapasalfarurbandevelapmenHHaHheciHycauncilaHHhec