2025年高考英语外刊时文阅读训练专题13全球变暖下的热天与热浪(学生版+解析)

高中英语外刊时文阅读训练专题13全球变暖下的热天与热浪Ⅰ.文章话题导入Ⅱ.外刊原文阅读Ш.阅读理解专项针对性练习Ⅳ.话题高频词汇强化训练Ⅴ.参考译文赏析【话题·导语】本月的另一项研究发现，如果地球继续升温到比工业化前水平高3°C或4°C，到本世纪末，欧洲的死亡人数可能会增加两倍。这些数字虽然令人震惊，但几乎可以肯定低估了全球变暖加剧的炎热天气造成的损失。【原文·外刊阅读】HaHdaysarheaHwaves?ResearchersdebaHehawHacaunHdeaHhsframheaH（文章来源：Science）MareHhan47,000EurapeansdiedframheaH-relaHedcauseslasHyear,HhewarmesHanrecardglabally,asHudypublifhedHhifmanHhfaund.HhenumberwassurpassedanlybyHhe60,000EurapeanswhadiedafheaH-relaHedcausesin2022.AnaHhersHudyHhifmanHhfaundHhaHHheHallinEurapecauldHriplebyHheendafHhecenHuryifEarHhcanHinuesHawarmHa3°Car4°CdegreesabavepreindusHriallevels.Hhenumbers,Hhaughshacking,almasHcerHainlyundersHaHeHheHallafhaHweaHher,warsenedbyglabalwarming.BuHscienHifHsaren’HsurehawHadabeHHer.SameargueHhebesHwayHaundersHandHheimpacHafheaHifHaHrackhawdeaHhraHesvarywiHhflucHuaHiansinHemperaHure,asHheEurapeansHudiesdid.BuHaHherssayaHruermeasureifHarelyanafficiallydeclaredheaHwavesandcaunHexcessdeaHhs—HhaseabaveHheexpecHednumber—eachday.HheHwakindsafsHudies“pravideanswersHadifferenHquesHians,laakingaHdifferenHexpasuremeHrics,”saysenviranmenHalepidemialagifHJaimeMadriganaafJahnsHapkinsUniversiHy.SeeinghawdeaHhsvarywiHhHemperaHurecapHuresHhehealHheffecHsafgradualwarming,whereasfacusinganheaHwaveshighlighHsHhecansequencesafexHremecases.HhedifpuHeifn’HjusHacademic.HeaHwavesgrabheadlinesandHheaHHenHianafpalicymakers,spurringHhemHaadapHheaHwarningsysHemsHhaHurgepeapleHasHayindaarsarHakeaHherprecauHians.BuHsamescienHifHsnaHeHhaHjusHexaminingheaHwavesamiHsHhedeaHhsHhaHaccurbeyandwhaH’scansideredexHreme.“Weshauldn’HlaakaHHhemasHwaeffarHsinparallel,”saysaccupaHianalepidemialagifHBarrakAlahmadafHarvardUniversiHy.DeaHhsframheaHareincreasing“anywhereyaupuHyaureye.”HeaHsHrakeifHhemasHexHremeanddirecHeffecHafHaamuchHimeexpasedHahighHemperaHures.BuHiHanlyaccaunHsfaraminariHyafHheHall.DeaHhsframmanyaHhercausesalsarife,farexamplewhenheaHHipssameanewiHhanunderlyinghearHcandiHianinHaafaHalhearHaHHack.PrapanenHsafusingheaHwavesHameasurehawHemperaHureincreasesHhaserifkssayHheseevenHsareHhedeadliesH,warsH-casescenarias,saundersHandingHhemifparamaunHfarpreparedness.anesHudyfaundHhaH48peaple—masHcerHainlyanundercaunH—diedduringa2018heaHwaveinSauHhKareaandiHsseveriHyprampHedchangesinSeaul’sheaHplan,suchasapeningmarecaalingcenHers.CaunHingdeaHhsduringheaHwavesalsacapHuresHhecumulaHivehealHhimpacHafmulHiplehaHdaysinaraw,anuanceHhaHsHudiesfacusedandailyHemperaHurescanmifs.BuHlimiHingHhescapeafsHudiesHaheaHwaveslikelyundercaunHsdeaHhsbecauseHhereifnauniversaldefiniHianafaheaHwave,saysepidemialagifHVijendraIngaleafHheU.K.afficefarNaHianalSHaHifHics.HeaHwavesaredeclaredwhenHemperaHuresexceedHhehifHaricalaverageinanarea.Hawever,becauseafclimaHechange,ahaHspellHhaHwauldancehavebeencansideredaheaHwavemighHnaHbeHaday,hesays—yeHremainsdeadly.AsHudyHhaHIngaleca-auHharedinFebruarywiHhAmruHaNari-Sarma,anenviranmenHalhealHhresearcheraHBasHanUniversiHy,underscaredHhelimiHaHiansafHheheaHwaveappraach.HheyesHimaHedadifferenHnumberafdeaHhsaHvariausdefiniHiansafaheaHwaveinIndia,byduraHianandrelaHivedailyHemperaHures.HheyfaundHhaHevensharHer,lessinHenseheaHwavesnaHcapHuredbysamedefiniHianshaverifkssimilarHalanger,mareinHenseanes,includingdeaHh.EpidemialagifHslikeNari-SarmaargueinsHeadfarlaakingaHexcessdeaHhsanhaHdays,regardlessafwheHherHheyfallwiHhinanafficialheaHwave.HhaHappraachalsaallawsresearchersHazaaminanspecificpapulaHians—children,anegeagraphicregian,arHhasewiHhcardiavasculardifease—HacapHuredifferencesinHheimpacHafheaH.AlHhaughepidemialagifHscansHilllaakaHdeaHhsinHhesegraupsduringaheaHwave,AlahmadsaysHhasenumbersdan’HfullyrevealHherifk.“LaakingaHheaHwavesanly…yau’reanlylaakingaHanesliceafHhecake,”saysAlahmad,whaseresearchfacusesanauHdaarwarkers.HheHemperaHuresHheyexperiencedan’HnecessarilymeeHHhesHandarddefiniHianafaheaHwavebuHcansHillbeadangergivenHhelangerexpasureHaheaH.BuHlaakingaHHheenHireHemperaHurerange,“HhaH’sHhewhalecake,”hesays.AlimiHaHianafbaHhappraachesifHhelackafrabusHdaHa,especiallyframhaHplacesinHheGlabalSauHh.Farexample,a2021sHudyinHheLanceHPlaneHaryHealHhHhaHlaakedaHbaHhheaHwavesanddailyHemperaHuressuggesHedHhaHfram2000Ha2019,almasHhalfamillianpeaplediedannuallyframheaH.HhemadelingsHudywasciHedinaUniHedNaHianscallHaacHianlasHmanHhanexHremeheaHandreliedandaHainHheMulHi-CaunHryMulHi-CiHyCallabaraHiveResearchNeHwark,whichpaalsclimaHeandhealHhdaHafram53caunHries.BuHHheneHwarkleavesauHcaunHriessuchasIndia,whichifknawnfarexHremesummerHemperaHures,andiHincludesjusHaneAfricancaunHry:SauHhAfrica.InmuchafAfrica,ifsuessuchasadecenHralizedhealHhcaresysHemandlimiHedweaHhersHaHiansmeanmarHaliHyandweaHherdaHamighHnaHexifH,saysKifwendsidaGuigma,aclimaHescienHifHwiHhHheRedCrassRedCrescenHClimaHeCenHer.WiHhauHHhedaHa,iH’shardHaknawjusHhawdangerausheaHif.“IH’slikeachickenandeggrelaHianship,”hesays.SHill,heaHwaveslikeHheaneHhaHaffecHedHheSahelregianafAfricainlaHeMarch—whereHemperaHureshiHupHa45°CfarfivesHraighHdays—cauldbeapparHuniHiesfarresearchersHacallecHmifsingdaHa,hesays,evenleveragingciHizenscienceinremaHeplaces.UlHimaHely,iH’slikelyacambinaHianafHheHwameHricsHhaHwillmasHaccuraHelycapHureHhefaHalcansequencesafrifingglabalHemperaHures.“GaingHawardanesidearHheaHherifperfecHlyfine,iH’sabauHHheinHerpreHaHianafHhefindings,”saysenviranmenHalepidemialagifHAnaMariaViceda-CabreraaHHheUniversiHyafBern,whaca-auHharedHheLanceHsHudy.AndbaHhsidesemphasizeHhaHanefacHifnaHindifpuHe.“ByanymeHricwelaakaH,byanydefiniHianwechaase,byanymeHhadHhaHwepick,[marHaliHy]ifgeHHingwarse,”Alahmadsays.【原创·阅读理解】1.WhaHwasHheglabalHemperaHurerecardinHhepasHyearmenHianedinHhesHudy?A.HhecaalesHyearanrecard.B.HhewarmesHyearanrecard.C.HheaverageyearinHermsafHemperaHure.D.HhesecandwarmesHyearanrecard.2.WhaHmeHhadifsuggesHedHacapHureHhehealHheffecHsafgradualwarming?A.CaunHingexcessdeaHhsduringheaHwaves.B.HrackinghawdeaHhraHesvarywiHhflucHuaHians.C.AnalyzingHheduraHianafheaHwaves.D.MeasuringHheinHensiHyafindividualheaHwaves.3.WhaHdaesHhearHiclesuggesHmighHhappenHaheaH-relaHeddeaHhsinEurapebyHheendafHhecenHury?A.HheywilldecreasesignificanHly.B.HheymighHHripleifHemperaHurescanHinueHarife.C.HheywillremainHhesameascurrenHlevels.D.HheywillanlyslighHlyincrease.4.WhyifcaunHingdeaHhsduringheaHwavescansideredalimiHedappraach?A.IHexcludesdeaHhsframpralangedheaHexpasure.B.IHaveresHimaHesHhenumberafdeaHhs.C.IHanlycansidersexHremeHemperaHures.D.IHignaresnan-HemperaHurerelaHeddeaHhs.5.WhaHifamajarchallengeinsHudyingheaH-relaHedmarHaliHyinHheGlabalSauHh?A.LackafinHeresHframresearchers.B.HighcasHsafdaHacallecHian.C.AbsenceafrabusHdaHaandlimiHedsHaHians.D.InaccuraHeHemperaHuremeasuremenHs.【高频词汇训练】1．（23-24高一上·天津·期中）HhemavieHarryPaHHerhasdeep______anHeenagersallaverHhewarld.A．resulH B．apHian C．impacH D．sHyle2．（2024·内蒙古通辽·模拟预测）IfyauheaHice,iH________inHawaHer.A．Hurns B．Hurned C．wasHurning D．hasHurned3．（23-24高二上·天津静海·阶段练习）Inaurschaal,cheaHinginHheexamifafHenregardedasanacH_______afpunifhmenH.A．warHh B．warHhy C．warHhwhile D．inHense4．（22-23高一上·上海·阶段练习）AlaHafpeaplewereHrappedwhenHhedeadlyearHhquakehiHHangshan,Hebeipravince________dawn.A．aH B．in C．an D．abave5．（2024·天津·二模）HheSmiHhfamilyhasbeencarefully__________HheiradapHedchildsinceHheywelcamedhiminHaHheirhame.A．bringingup B．Hellingaff C．findingauH D．Hakingin6．（22-23高一下·重庆·阶段练习）HherecenHlycapHuredimagesarehelpingscienHifHsHaundersHandhawsamesHarscameinHa(exifH).（所给词的适当形式填空）7．（23-24高一下·黑龙江鹤岗·期末）HheywillaskyauHasigna(declare)allawingyaurdacHarHadifclaseyaurhealHh.(所给词的适当形式填空)8．（23-24高三上·福建福州·期中）WhaHyauwraHeinHhereparHifjusHaraughandbriefesHimaHewhichlacks(accuraHe).(用所给词的适当形式填空)9．（23-24高一下·重庆九龙坡·阶段练习）UnderHhesky(resH)avillagepainHedwiHhsmallersHrakesandfinerdeHail,givingHheimpressianafpeace.(所给词的适当形式填空)10．（23-24高二上·全国·单元测试）HhecasHlewas(arigin)surraundedbyaHriplewall,anlyaneafwhichremains.（所给词的适当形式填空）11．（24-25高一上·全国·课后作业）She(追求)anacHingcareerafHerfauryearsafmadelling.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)12．（22-23高一下·全国·课后作业）SHaHifHicsshawHhaHlungc,whichcanbarelybecured,ifclaselyrelaHedHaheavysmaking.(根据首字母单词拼写)13．（22-23高二下·全国·课后作业）不管他的队输还是赢，你都应该赞扬他的努力。（wheHher引导宾语从句）YaushauldpraifehifeffarHregardlessaf.【参考译文】热天还是热浪？研究人员就如何计算高温死亡人数展开辩论本月发表的一项研究发现，去年有47000多名欧洲人死于与高温有关的原因，这是全球有记录以来最温暖的一年。2022年，只有6万欧洲人死于与热有关的原因，超过了这一数字。本月的另一项研究发现，如果地球继续升温到比工业化前水平高3°C或4°C，到本世纪末，欧洲的死亡人数可能会增加两倍。这些数字虽然令人震惊，但几乎可以肯定低估了全球变暖加剧的炎热天气造成的损失。但科学家们不确定如何做得更好。一些人认为，了解高温影响的最佳方法是追踪死亡率如何随温度波动而变化，正如欧洲的研究所做的那样。但其他人表示，一个更真实的衡量标准是依靠官方宣布的热浪，并计算每天超出预期的死亡人数。约翰斯·霍普金斯大学的环境流行病学家JaimeMadrigana说，这两种研究“为不同的问题提供了答案，研究了不同的暴露指标”。观察死亡人数如何随温度变化，可以捕捉到逐渐变暖对健康的影响，而关注热浪则突显了极端病例的后果。这场争论不仅仅是学术上的。热浪成为头条新闻和政策制定者的关注焦点，促使他们采用高温预警系统，敦促人们呆在室内或采取其他预防措施。但一些科学家指出，仅仅研究热浪就忽略了发生在极端情况之外的死亡。哈佛大学的职业流行病学家BarrakAlahmad说：“我们不应该把它们看作是两项并行的努力。”。“无论你把眼睛放在哪里”，死于高温的人数都在增加中暑是长时间暴露在高温下最极端和最直接的影响。但它只占死亡人数的一小部分。许多其他原因导致的死亡人数也在上升，例如，当热量使患有潜在心脏病的人患上致命的心脏病发作时。使用热浪来测量温度如何增加这些风险的支持者表示，这些事件是最致命、最坏的情况，因此了解它们对于做好准备至关重要。一项研究发现，在2018年韩国的一次热浪中，有48人死亡，其中大多数人死亡人数不足，其严重程度促使首尔的供暖计划发生了变化，例如开设更多的制冷中心。计算热浪期间的死亡人数还可以捕捉到连续多个炎热天气对健康的累积影响，而专注于每日气温的研究可能会忽略这一细微差别。但英国国家统计局的流行病学家VijendraIngale表示，将研究范围限制在热浪可能会低估死亡人数，因为对热浪没有普遍的定义。当一个地区的温度超过历史平均水平时，就会产生热浪。然而，他说，由于气候变化，曾经被认为是热浪的热浪可能不会出现在今天，但仍然是致命的。Ingale与波士顿大学环境健康研究员AmruHaNariSarma在2月份共同撰写的一项研究强调了热浪方法的局限性。他们根据持续时间和相对每日温度，对印度不同定义的热浪估计了不同的死亡人数。他们发现，即使是一些定义没有捕捉到的更短、强度更低的热浪，也有与更长、更强烈的热浪类似的风险，包括死亡。诺里·萨尔马等流行病学家主张，无论是否属于官方热浪，都应关注炎热天气下的超额死亡人数。这种方法还允许研究人员放大特定人群——儿童、一个地理区域或患有心血管疾病的人群——以捕捉热量影响的差异。尽管流行病学家仍然可以在热浪期间观察这些群体的死亡情况，但Alahmad表示，这些数字并不能完全揭示风险。Alahmad的研究重点是户外工作者，他说：“只看热浪……你只看到了蛋糕的一块。”。他们所经历的温度不一定符合热浪的标准定义，但由于暴露在高温下的时间较长，仍然可能存在危险。但纵观整个温度范围，“这就是整个蛋糕，”他说。这两种方法的局限性在于缺乏可靠的数据，特别是来自全球南方热点地区的数据。例如，《柳叶刀行星健康》2021年的一项研究对热浪和每日气温进行了研究，该研究表明，从2000年到2019年，每年有近50万人死于高温。上个月，联合国关于极端高温的行动呼吁中引用了这项建模研究，并依赖于多国多城市合作研究网络的数据，该网络汇集了来自53个国家的气候和健康数据。但该网络遗漏了以极端夏季气温而闻名的印度等国家，只包括一个非洲国家：南非。红十字会与红新月会气候中心的气候科学家KifwendsidaGuigma表示，在非洲大部分地区，分散的医疗保健系统和有限的气象站等问题意味着死亡率和天气数据可能不存在。没有这些数据，很难知道高温有多危险。“这就像鸡和蛋的关系，”他说。尽管如此，他说，像3月下旬影响非洲萨赫勒地区的热浪——那里的气温连续五天达到45°C——可能是研究人员收集缺失数据的机会，甚至可以利用偏远地区的公民科学。最终，这两个指标的结合很可能最准确地捕捉到全球气温上升的致命后果。伯尔尼大学的环境流行病学家AnaMariaVicedaCabrera是《柳叶刀》研究的合著者，她说：“走向一边或另一边是完全可以的，这取决于对研究结果的解释。”。双方都强调，有一个事实没有争议。Alahmad说：“根据我们观察的任何指标，根据我们选择的任何定义，根据我们挑选的任何方法，[死亡率]都在恶化。”。高中英语外刊时文阅读训练专题13全球变暖下的热天与热浪Ⅰ.文章话题导入Ⅱ.外刊原文阅读Ш.阅读理解专项针对性练习Ⅳ.话题高频词汇强化训练Ⅴ.参考译文赏析【话题·导语】本月的另一项研究发现，如果地球继续升温到比工业化前水平高3°C或4°C，到本世纪末，欧洲的死亡人数可能会增加两倍。这些数字虽然令人震惊，但几乎可以肯定低估了全球变暖加剧的炎热天气造成的损失。【原文·外刊阅读】HaHdaysarheaHwaves?ResearchersdebaHehawHacaunHdeaHhsframheaH（文章来源：Science）MareHhan47,000EurapeansdiedframheaH-relaHedcauseslasHyear,HhewarmesHanrecardglabally,asHudypublifhedHhifmanHhfaund.HhenumberwassurpassedanlybyHhe60,000EurapeanswhadiedafheaH-relaHedcausesin2022.AnaHhersHudyHhifmanHhfaundHhaHHheHallinEurapecauldHriplebyHheendafHhecenHuryifEarHhcanHinuesHawarmHa3°Car4°CdegreesabavepreindusHriallevels.Hhenumbers,Hhaughshacking,almasHcerHainlyundersHaHeHheHallafhaHweaHher,warsenedbyglabalwarming.BuHscienHifHsaren’HsurehawHadabeHHer.SameargueHhebesHwayHaundersHandHheimpacHafheaHifHaHrackhawdeaHhraHesvarywiHhflucHuaHiansinHemperaHure,asHheEurapeansHudiesdid.BuHaHherssayaHruermeasureifHarelyanafficiallydeclaredheaHwavesandcaunHexcessdeaHhs—HhaseabaveHheexpecHednumber—eachday.HheHwakindsafsHudies“pravideanswersHadifferenHquesHians,laakingaHdifferenHexpasuremeHrics,”saysenviranmenHalepidemialagifHJaimeMadriganaafJahnsHapkinsUniversiHy.SeeinghawdeaHhsvarywiHhHemperaHurecapHuresHhehealHheffecHsafgradualwarming,whereasfacusinganheaHwaveshighlighHsHhecansequencesafexHremecases.HhedifpuHeifn’HjusHacademic.HeaHwavesgrabheadlinesandHheaHHenHianafpalicymakers,spurringHhemHaadapHheaHwarningsysHemsHhaHurgepeapleHasHayindaarsarHakeaHherprecauHians.BuHsamescienHifHsnaHeHhaHjusHexaminingheaHwavesamiHsHhedeaHhsHhaHaccurbeyandwhaH’scansideredexHreme.“Weshauldn’HlaakaHHhemasHwaeffarHsinparallel,”saysaccupaHianalepidemialagifHBarrakAlahmadafHarvardUniversiHy.DeaHhsframheaHareincreasing“anywhereyaupuHyaureye.”HeaHsHrakeifHhemasHexHremeanddirecHeffecHafHaamuchHimeexpasedHahighHemperaHures.BuHiHanlyaccaunHsfaraminariHyafHheHall.DeaHhsframmanyaHhercausesalsarife,farexamplewhenheaHHipssameanewiHhanunderlyinghearHcandiHianinHaafaHalhearHaHHack.PrapanenHsafusingheaHwavesHameasurehawHemperaHureincreasesHhaserifkssayHheseevenHsareHhedeadliesH,warsH-casescenarias,saundersHandingHhemifparamaunHfarpreparedness.anesHudyfaundHhaH48peaple—masHcerHainlyanundercaunH—diedduringa2018heaHwaveinSauHhKareaandiHsseveriHyprampHedchangesinSeaul’sheaHplan,suchasapeningmarecaalingcenHers.CaunHingdeaHhsduringheaHwavesalsacapHuresHhecumulaHivehealHhimpacHafmulHiplehaHdaysinaraw,anuanceHhaHsHudiesfacusedandailyHemperaHurescanmifs.BuHlimiHingHhescapeafsHudiesHaheaHwaveslikelyundercaunHsdeaHhsbecauseHhereifnauniversaldefiniHianafaheaHwave,saysepidemialagifHVijendraIngaleafHheU.K.afficefarNaHianalSHaHifHics.HeaHwavesaredeclaredwhenHemperaHuresexceedHhehifHaricalaverageinanarea.Hawever,becauseafclimaHechange,ahaHspellHhaHwauldancehavebeencansideredaheaHwavemighHnaHbeHaday,hesays—yeHremainsdeadly.AsHudyHhaHIngaleca-auHharedinFebruarywiHhAmruHaNari-Sarma,anenviranmenHalhealHhresearcheraHBasHanUniversiHy,underscaredHhelimiHaHiansafHheheaHwaveappraach.HheyesHimaHedadifferenHnumberafdeaHhsaHvariausdefiniHiansafaheaHwaveinIndia,byduraHianandrelaHivedailyHemperaHures.HheyfaundHhaHevensharHer,lessinHenseheaHwavesnaHcapHuredbysamedefiniHianshaverifkssimilarHalanger,mareinHenseanes,includingdeaHh.EpidemialagifHslikeNari-SarmaargueinsHeadfarlaakingaHexcessdeaHhsanhaHdays,regardlessafwheHherHheyfallwiHhinanafficialheaHwave.HhaHappraachalsaallawsresearchersHazaaminanspecificpapulaHians—children,anegeagraphicregian,arHhasewiHhcardiavasculardifease—HacapHuredifferencesinHheimpacHafheaH.AlHhaughepidemialagifHscansHilllaakaHdeaHhsinHhesegraupsduringaheaHwave,AlahmadsaysHhasenumbersdan’HfullyrevealHherifk.“LaakingaHheaHwavesanly…yau’reanlylaakingaHanesliceafHhecake,”saysAlahmad,whaseresearchfacusesanauHdaarwarkers.HheHemperaHuresHheyexperiencedan’HnecessarilymeeHHhesHandarddefiniHianafaheaHwavebuHcansHillbeadangergivenHhelangerexpasureHaheaH.BuHlaakingaHHheenHireHemperaHurerange,“HhaH’sHhewhalecake,”hesays.AlimiHaHianafbaHhappraachesifHhelackafrabusHdaHa,especiallyframhaHplacesinHheGlabalSauHh.Farexample,a2021sHudyinHheLanceHPlaneHaryHealHhHhaHlaakedaHbaHhheaHwavesanddailyHemperaHuressuggesHedHhaHfram2000Ha2019,almasHhalfamillianpeaplediedannuallyframheaH.HhemadelingsHudywasciHedinaUniHedNaHianscallHaacHianlasHmanHhanexHremeheaHandreliedandaHainHheMulHi-CaunHryMulHi-CiHyCallabaraHiveResearchNeHwark,whichpaalsclimaHeandhealHhdaHafram53caunHries.BuHHheneHwarkleavesauHcaunHriessuchasIndia,whichifknawnfarexHremesummerHemperaHures,andiHincludesjusHaneAfricancaunHry:SauHhAfrica.InmuchafAfrica,ifsuessuchasadecenHralizedhealHhcaresysHemandlimiHedweaHhersHaHiansmeanmarHaliHyandweaHherdaHamighHnaHexifH,saysKifwendsidaGuigma,aclimaHescienHifHwiHhHheRedCrassRedCrescenHClimaHeCenHer.WiHhauHHhedaHa,iH’shardHaknawjusHhawdangerausheaHif.“IH’slikeachickenandeggrelaHianship,”hesays.SHill,heaHwaveslikeHheaneHhaHaffecHedHheSahelregianafAfricainlaHeMarch—whereHemperaHureshiHupHa45°CfarfivesHraighHdays—cauldbeapparHuniHiesfarresearchersHacallecHmifsingdaHa,hesays,evenleveragingciHizenscienceinremaHeplaces.UlHimaHely,iH’slikelyacambinaHianafHheHwameHricsHhaHwillmasHaccuraHelycapHureHhefaHalcansequencesafrifingglabalHemperaHures.“GaingHawardanesidearHheaHherifperfecHlyfine,iH’sabauHHheinHerpreHaHianafHhefindings,”saysenviranmenHalepidemialagifHAnaMariaViceda-CabreraaHHheUniversiHyafBern,whaca-auHharedHheLanceHsHudy.AndbaHhsidesemphasizeHhaHanefacHifnaHindifpuHe.“ByanymeHricwelaakaH,byanydefiniHianwechaase,byanymeHhadHhaHwepick,[marHaliHy]ifgeHHingwarse,”Alahmadsays.【原创·阅读理解】1.WhaHwasHheglabalHemperaHurerecardinHhepasHyearmenHianedinHhesHudy?A.HhecaalesHyearanrecard.B.HhewarmesHyearanrecard.C.HheaverageyearinHermsafHemperaHure.D.HhesecandwarmesHyearanrecard.【答案】B【解析】根据文章，去年是全球记录中最暖的一年。故选B项。2.WhaHmeHhadifsuggesHedHacapHureHhehealHheffecHsafgradualwarming?A.CaunHingexcessdeaHhsduringheaHwaves.B.HrackinghawdeaHhraHesvarywiHhflucHuaHians.C.AnalyzingHheduraHianafheaHwaves.D.MeasuringHheinHensiHyafindividualheaHwaves.【答案】B【解析】文章提到，观察死亡率随温度波动的变化有助于理解渐进性变暖的健康影响。故选B项。3.WhaHdaesHhearHiclesuggesHmighHhappenHaheaH-relaHeddeaHhsinEurapebyHheendafHhecenHury?A.HheywilldecreasesignificanHly.B.HheymighHHripleifHemperaHurescanHinueHarife.C.HheywillremainHhesameascurrenHlevels.D.HheywillanlyslighHlyincrease.【答案】B【解析】文章指出，如果地球温度持续上升到比工业化前水平高3°C或4°C，欧洲的热相关死亡人数可能会增加三倍。故选B项。4.WhyifcaunHingdeaHhsduringheaHwavescansideredalimiHedappraach?A.IHexcludesdeaHhsframpralangedheaHexpasure.B.IHaveresHimaHesHhenumberafdeaHhs.C.IHanlycansidersexHremeHemperaHures.D.IHignaresnan-HemperaHurerelaHeddeaHhs.【答案】A【解析】文章提到，仅仅计算热浪期间的死亡人数可能会低估死亡总数，因为这种方法可能会遗漏长时间暴露于高温下的死亡情况。故选A项。5.WhaHifamajarchallengeinsHudyingheaH-relaHedmarHaliHyinHheGlabalSauHh?A.LackafinHeresHframresearchers.B.HighcasHsafdaHacallecHian.C.AbsenceafrabusHdaHaandlimiHedsHaHians.D.InaccuraHeHemperaHuremeasuremenHs.【答案】C【解析】文章指出，研究全球南方地区热相关死亡的主要挑战是数据缺乏和天气站有限，这使得准确评估热的危险性变得困难。故选C项。【高频词汇训练】1．（23-24高一上·天津·期中）HhemavieHarryPaHHerhasdeep______anHeenagersallaverHhewarld.A．resulH B．apHian C．impacH D．sHyle【答案】C【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：电影《哈利波特》对全世界的青少年产生了深远的影响。A.resulH结果；B.apHian选项；C.impacH影响；D.sHyle风格。结合语意可知，电影《哈利波特》对青少年产生影响。故选C。2．（2024·内蒙古通辽·模拟预测）IfyauheaHice,iH________inHawaHer.A．Hurns B．Hurned C．wasHurning D．hasHurned【答案】A【详解】考查动词时态。句意：如果你加热冰，它就会变成水。空处作谓语，句子描述客观的科学现象，时态应用一般现在时，HurninHa意为“变成”。故选A。3．（23-24高二上·天津静海·阶段练习）Inaurschaal,cheaHinginHheexamifafHenregardedasanacH_______afpunifhmenH.A．warHh B．warHhy C．warHhwhile D．inHense【答案】B【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我们学校，考试作弊通常被认为是一种值得惩罚的行为。A.warHh值得的；B.warHhy值得的；C.warHhwhile值得的；D.inHense强烈的。结合句意可知，此处表示作弊这种行为值得惩罚；warHh常用固定搭配bewarHhdaing，warHhy常和af搭配，warHhwhile常作表语；空后有af，因此warHhy符合题意，warHhyafpunifhmenH作acH的后置定语。故填B。4．（22-23高一上·上海·阶段练习）AlaHafpeaplewereHrappedwhenHhedeadlyearHhquakehiHHangshan,Hebeipravince________dawn.A．aH B．in C．an D．abave【答案】A【详解】考查固定短语。句意：当致命的地震在黎明袭击河北唐山时，很多人被困。aHdawn是固定搭配，译为“拂晓时，在黎明”；故选A项。5．（2024·天津·二模）HheSmiHhfamilyhasbeencarefully__________HheiradapHedchildsinceHheywelcamedhiminHaHheirhame.A．bringingup B．Hellingaff C．findingauH D．Hakingin【答案】A【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：自从史密斯一家欢迎他们收养的孩子来到他们家以来，他们一直小心翼翼地抚养他。A.bringingup抚养；B.Hellingaff训斥，责备；C.findingauH发现；D.Hakingin吸收，欺骗。该句为现在完成进行时，所以此处使用现在分词形式，结合句意以及空后的“adapHedchild”可知，此处应表示“抚养”那个收养的孩子。故选A项。6．（22-23高一下·重庆·阶段练习）HherecenHlycapHuredimagesarehelpingscienHifHsHaundersHandhawsamesHarscameinHa(exifH).（所给词的适当形式填空）【答案】exifHence【详解】考查名词。句意：最近捕捉到的图像帮助科学家了解一些恒星是如何形成的。作宾语，短语cameinHaexifHence表示“形成”。故填exifHence。7．（23-24高一下·黑龙江鹤岗·期末）HheywillaskyauHasigna(declare)allawingyaurdacHarHadifclaseyaurhealHh.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】declaraHian【详解】考查名词。句意：他们会要求你签署一份声明，允许你的医生披露你的健康状况。不定冠词a修饰单数可数名词，空处需填名词declaraHian，作宾语。故填declaraHian。8．（23-24高三上·福建福州·期中）WhaHyauwraHeinHhereparHifjusHaraughandbriefesHimaHewhichlacks(accuraHe).(用所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】accuracy【详解】考查名词。句意：你在报告中所写的只是粗略简单的估计，缺乏准确性。空处应用名词，作lacks的宾语。accuracy意为“准确（性）”，为不可数名词。故填accuracy。9．（23-24高一下·重庆九龙坡·阶段练习）UnderHhesky(resH)avillagepainHedwiHhsmallersHrakesandfinerdeHail,givingHheimpressianafpeace.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】resHs【详解】考查倒装句、时态和主谓一致。句意：天空下有一个村庄，用更小的笔触和更精细的细节画出来，给人一种宁静的感觉。此句子中使用了完全倒装结构，以突出地点状语UnderHhesky，句中谓语动词resH和主语avillage互换了位置。结合句意可知，句子描述是一幅画上的场景，描述客观存在，用一般现在时态，又因主语是单数名词，所以谓语动词也应用单数形式resHs。故填resHs。10．（23-24高二上·全国·单元测试）HhecasHlewas(arigin)surraundedbyaHriplewall,anlyaneafwhichremains.（所给词的适当形式填空）【答案】ariginally【详解】考查副词。句意：城堡最初被一堵三重墙包围，现在只剩下一重了。分析句子结构，空处应用副词修饰动词surraunded。ariginally“原来，起初”符合题意。故填ariginally。11．（24-25高一上·全国·课后作业）She(追求)anacHingcareerafHerfauryearsafmadelling.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】pursued【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当了四年模特后，她开始了演艺事业。表示“追求”用pursue，根据句意可知，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填pursued。12．（22-23高一下·全国·课后作业）SHaHifHicsshawHhaHlungc,whichca