被动语态的翻译

被动语态的翻译被动语态广泛地出现在科技英语中，主要取决于如下情况。1)不必或无法说出主动者。Thebook

has

already

beentranslated

intomanylanguages.该书已译成好几种语言。Foralongtimealuminium

hasbeenthought

asaneffectivematerialforpreventingmetalcorrosion.长期以来，铝被当作一种有效地防止金属腐蚀的材料。

2)强调行为对象，而非行为者，将行为对象作为句子的主语。Theworkmust

befinished

atonce.该项工作必须马上完成。Threemachinescan

becontrolled

byasingleoperation.三台机器能由一个操作者操纵。

3)为了更好地连接上下文。

Theyaregoingtobuildalibraryherenextyear.Itisgoingto

bebuilt

besidetheclassroom

building.

他们准备明年在这儿建一座图书馆，就建在教学楼旁边。一、译为主动句Therobotsifterhasbeenputintouse.自动筛机已投入使用。Theseedsaresownononesideofpanels,andtherootsaresprayedwithfertilizersolution.种子播撒在镶板的一个面上，根用肥料溶液进行喷洒。Defectsinweldscanbedefected

bynondestructivetestingmethods.无损检验法可探查焊缝内的缺陷。二、译为被动句“被”、“受到”、“遭到”、“得到”、“叫”、“称”、“让”、“给”、“加以”、“为……所”Thisinformationwillbeencodedinaradiosignalandbeamedtotheunitsburiedintheroad.这一信息被译成无线电信号，发射给埋在道路下的电子装置。Theleakageofsteamshouldbepaidattentionto.蒸汽泄露的问题应予以重视。三、译为无主句动词前加“把”、“使”、“将”、“对”等词。

If

a10-kilogramboxisliftedonemetertheworkdoneis10kilogram-meter.

如果把已知10千克的箱子升高1米，则所做的功为10克/千米。Whenlargemotorsarerequiredorwhenpowersupplyislimited,thewound-rotormotorisused.当需要大功率电动机或电源受限制时，则使用线绕式转子电动机。四、译成判断句

Currentlymostsolarcellsaremadefromcrystalsofhigh-puritysilicon.目前，绝大多数太阳能电池是用高纯度的硅晶体制成的。Itisfoundthat…据发现Itissaidthat…据说Itisreportedthat…据报道Itisillustratedthat…据图示（据说明）Itmustbeadmittedthat…必须承认Itismustbepointedthat…必须指出Itiswillbeseenfromthisthat…由此可见Itwasestimatedthat…据估计

Itiswellknownthat…众所周知Itisbelievedthat…人们相信Itistakenthat…人们认为Itisnotedthat…人们注意到，有人指出Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…人们普遍认为

Asoil

is

found

deepintheground,itspresence

cannotbedetermined

byastudyofthesurface.Consequently,ageologicalsurveyoftheundergroundrocksstructure

mustbecarriedout.Ifit

is

thought

thattherocksinacertainareacontainoil,a

“drillingrig”

is

assembled.Themostobviouspartofadrillingrig

is

called

“aderrick”.Itis

used

toliftsectionsofpipe,which

arelowered

intothehole

made

bythedrill.Asthehole

isbeingdrilled,asteelpipe

is

pusheddown

topreventthesidesformfallingin.Ifoil

is

struck

acover

is

firmly

fixed

tothetopofthepipeandtheoilisallowedtoescapethroughaseriesofvalves.

石油埋藏于地层深处。因此，仅靠研究地层表面，无法确定有无石油，必须勘探地下的岩层结构。如果确定某一区域的岩石层藏有石油，就在该处安装钻机。它的主要部件是机架，用以撑架一节一节的钢管，让其下到孔井。一边钻井，一边下钢管，以防孔壁坍塌。一旦出油，就紧固管盖，让油从各个阀门喷出。Alongmetalbarisfixedinaresortstandbyoneend.Theotherendisheatedinaflameuntilitbecomesred.Thebarandthestand