2020年高考英语非谓语动词考点解析

2020年高考英语非谓语动词

核心考点解析及真题训练2020.4.9一、考查不定式、现在分词与过去分词的基本区别从时间关系上看，不定式表未来，现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成，同时注意不定式和现在分词的完成式也表完成(尤其是表示有明显的先后关系的完成);从主动与被动来看，不定式和现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动，同时注意不定式和现在分词的被动式也表被动(不定式的被动式在表被动的同时还兼表未来，现在分词的被动式表被动的同时还兼表进行)。如：1.Isendyou100dollarstoday,therest_____inayear.A.followsB.followedC.tofollowD.beingfollowed分析：答案选C。动词不定式表示未来的动作。2._____fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.A.BeingseparatedB.HavingseparatedC.HavingbeenseparatedD.Tobeseparated分析：答案选C。因为Australia与separate是被动关系，且separate发生在谓语动词has之前，所以用现在分词的完成被动式作原因状语。二、考查非谓语动词的主动式与被动式结合句子意思，考察非谓语动词与相应逻辑主语的关系，若为主动关系，用主动式;若为被动关系，用被动式。此时要特别注意，过去分词没有相应的被动式，因为它本身可以表示被动。如：1.Therepairscostalot,butit’smoneywell_____.A.tospendB.spentC.beingspentD.spending分析：答案选B。因money与spend是被动关系，所以用过去分词。2.Theprizeofthegameshowis$30000andanallexpenses_____vacationtoChina.A.payingB.paidC.tobepaidD.beingpaid分析：答案选B。因allexpenses与pay是被动关系，故用过去分词。注意句中的an不是修饰expenses，而是修饰vacation。3.When_____help,oneoftensays,“Thankyou.”or“It’skindofyou.”A.offeringB.toofferC.tobeofferedD.offered分析：答案选D。因一个人说“谢谢”，应当是他被提供了帮助，所以要用过去分词，Whenofferedhelp…=Whenheisofferedhelp…三、考查非谓语动词完成式的用法非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和现在分词)的完成式主要表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作。做题时要注意根据题干所提供的语境来推断这种先后关系。如：1.Thestormleft,_____alotofdamagetothisarea.A.causedB.tohavecausedC.tocauseD.havingcaused分析：答案选D。因Thestorm与cause是主动关系，排除选项A;不定式作状语，前面通常不用逗号，排除B和C;因暴风雨给这个地区“造成损失”是在“结束”之前，所以用完成式。2.MoreandmorepeoplearesigningupforYogaclassesnowadays,_____

advantageofthehealthandrelaxationbenefits.A.takingB.takenC.havingtakenD.havingbeentaken分析：答案选A。因people与takeadvantageof是主动关系，排除选项B和D;take不会发生在谓语aresigningup之前，不用完成式，排除C。四、考查非谓语动词用作伴随状语在通常情况下，表伴随情况的应用现在分词。如：1.“Youcan’tcatchme!”Janetshouted,_____away.A.runB.runningC.torunD.ran分析：答案选B。现在分词作伴随状语。2.Heglancedoverather,______thatthoughshewastiny,sheseemedverywellputtogether.A.notingB.notedC.tonoteD.havingnoted分析：答案选A。因为he与note是主谓关系，且note与谓语动词glanced的动作同时发生，所以用现在分词的一般式作伴随状语。3.Daddydidn’tmindwhatweweredoing,aslongasweweretogether,_____fun.A.hadB.haveC.tohaveD.having分析：答案选D。用现在分词表伴随情况。说明：有时过去分词也可表伴随(注意过去分词同时还表被动关系)，但高考很少考查此用法。如：Hecamein,followedbyhiswife.他走了进来，后面跟着他的妻子。五、考查非谓语动词用作目的状语在通常情况下，用作目的状语只能是不定式。如：1.“Cantheprojectbefinishedasplanned?”“Sure,_____itcompletedintime,we’llworktwomorehoursaday.”A.havinggotB.togetC.gettingD.get分析：答案选B。作目的状语只能用动词不定式。2.____moreaboutuniversitycourses,call(920)746-3789.A.TofindoutB.FindingoutC.FindoutD.Havingfoundout分析：答案选A。作目的状语要用动词不定式。3.Itwasunbelievablethatthefanswaitedoutsidethegymforthreehoursjust_____alookatthesportsstars.A.hadB.havingC.tohaveD.have分析：答案选C。“看看体育明星”是“在体育馆外等三个小时”的目的，作目的状语只能用动词不定式。六、考查非谓语动词用作结果状语1.用现在分词表结果。如：Hefired,killingoneofthepassers-by.他开枪了，打死了一个过路人。Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear,_____arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.A.havereachedB.reachingC.toreachD.tobereaching分析：答案选B。伴随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，用现在分词作结果状语。2.用不定式表结果。如：Hereturnedhometofindhiswifewaitingforhim.他回到家发现他的妻子在等他。Hehurriedtothestationonly______thatthetrainhadleft.A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound分析：答案选A。因为onlytodo是习语，意为“结果却，不料”，hurried和find是先后发生的两个动作。七、考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语原则上，所有的非谓语动词形式均可用作宾语补足语，其区别是：不定式表未来，现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成和被动。如：1.Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise_____.A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoon分析：答案选A。作with的宾语的补足语要用非谓语动词，排除选项B和C;与谓语动作同时发生用现在分词作宾语补足语，排除表示将来的不定式选项D。2.Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.You’vehadit_____oftenenoughA.explainingB.toexplainC.explainD.explained分析：答案选D。宾语it与explain是被动关系，用过去分词作宾补，havesthdone意为“请人做某事”。七、考查非谓语动词的逻辑主语问题按照英语习惯，非谓语动词的逻辑主语应与句子一致，否则就应调整句子结构。如：Whilewatchingtelevision,_____.A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellrings分析：答案选C。因为watching的逻辑主语一定是we，排除选项A和B;又因在hear后作宾语补足语的是省略了to的不定式，所以选项D中的rings是错误的。八、考查非谓语动词用作主语的问题原则上说，动词用作主语，只能是不定式或动名词，不能是分词形式。这类考题命题还往往用动词原形作为干扰项进行考查，同学们做题需引起注意。如：It’snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview;_____theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.A.TohavehadB.HavinghadC.HaveD.Having分析：答案选D。动名词短语用作主语。九、考查“(be+)过去分词+介词”结构有一类“be+过去分词+介词”结构，如beinterestedin,beworriedabout,belostin,bedressedin等，也往往是命题的热点。如：1._____inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.A.HavinglostB.LostC.BeinglostD.Losing分析：答案选B。因表示“迷路于”是loseoneselfin，题中没有oneself,所以thetwostudents与lose是被动关系，应该用过去分词作状语。2._____inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.A.DressedB.TodressC.DressingD.Havingdressed分析：答案选A。由dress的宾语一定是人或oneself可知，dress与he是动宾关系，即he与dress是被动关系，要用过去分词作状语，Dressedin…=Asheisdressedin…十、非谓语动词的综合考察有时命题者会将多个知识点综合起来进行考查，如在考查被动式的同时兼考完成式，在考查不定式的同时兼考分词，等等。如：1.Idon’twant_____likeI’mspeakingillofanybody,butthemanager’splanisunfair.A.tosoundB.tobesoundedC.soundingD.tohavesounded分析：答案选A。表示“想要做某事”want后只能接todo，排除选项C;soundlike中sound是系动词，属不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，排除选项B;sound发生在want后，故不用完成式，排除选项D。2.“IsBobstillperforming?”“I’mafraidnot.Heissaid_____thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.”A.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenleftD.tobeleft分析：答案选A。因he与leave是主动关系，不用被动式，排除选项C和D;由already可知，要用完成式。历年非谓语动词高考真题练习1.Theplay

nextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.A.produced

B.beingproducedC.tobeproducedD.havingbeenproduced【答案】C2Forbreakfastheonlydrinksjuicefromfreshfruit_____onhisownfarm.A.grownB.beinggrownC.tobegrownD.togrow【答案】A3.Thewaytheguests_____inthehotelinfluencedtheiruationoftheserviceA.treatedB.weretreatedC.wouldtreatD.wouldbetreated【答案】D4.Allofthemtrytousethepoweroftheworkstation___informationinamoreeffectiveway.A.presentingB.presentedC.beingpresentedD.topresent【答案】D5.___twice,thepostmanrefusedtodeliverourlettersunlesswechainedourdog.A.BeingbittenB.BittenC.HavingbittenD.Tobebitten【答案】A历年非谓语动词高考真题练习6.

nottomisstheflightat15:20,themanagersetoutfortheairportinahurry.A.RemindingB.RemindedC.ToremindD.Havingreminded【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词做状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语themanager，非谓语动词与句子主语是被动关系，且其表示的动作在谓语动词setout之前已经发生，非谓语动词用过去分词，选D。7.InApril,2009,PresidentHuinspectedthewarshipsinQingdao,

the60thanniversaryofthefoundingofthePLANavy.A.markingB.markedC.havingmarkedD.beingmarked【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词做状语，其后有宾语，故与逻辑主语是主动关系，且表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时进行，用现在分词，选A。历年非谓语动词高考真题练习8．Whenhe

thedoor,hefoundhiskeyswerenowhere.A.wouldopen

B.opened

C.hadopened

D.wastoopen【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。动词不定时的用法。句意为：当他要打开门的时候,他发现他的钥匙不见了。动词不定时表示将要发生的动作。9．Attheageof29,Davewasaworker,

inasmallapartmentnearBostonand______whattodoabouthisfuture.A.living;wonderingB.lived;wonderingC.lived;wonderedD.living;wondered【答案】A【解析】考查分词的用法。句意为：29岁的大卫,是一个工人,住在一间小公寓在波士顿附近,不知怎么办关于他的未来。现在分词作定语修饰aworker，and

为并列连词，连接相同的成份。10.Nowadayspeoplesometimesseparatetheirwastetomakeiteasierforit

.A.reusingB.reusedC.reusesD.tobereused【答案】D【解析】考查动词不定时的用法。句意为：现在人们有时把他们的废物分开，以便很容易被重复利用。重新再利用是指将来发生的动作，而且是被动的。故选D。11.Pleasedomeafavor—______myfriendMr.SmithtoYouthTheaterat7:30tonight.A.toinviteB.invitingC.inviteD.invited【答案】C12._________therightkindoftraining,theseteenagesoccerplayersmayonedaygrewtheinternationalstars.A.GivingB.HavinggivenC.TogiveD.Given【答案】D【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。如果把句子补充完整就不难看出：Iftheyaregiven

therightkindoftraining,

可知主语they

即theseteenagersoccerplayers与give

之间是被动的关系，所以用过去分词。根据主、从句主语一致可省略从句主语的原则，连词if

也可省，所以得出given

therightkindoftraining,theseteenagersoccerplayers……13.Thegovernmentplanstobringinnewlaws_____parentstotakemoreresponsibilityfortheeducationoftheirchildren.A.forcedB.forcingC.tobeforcedD.havingforced【答案】B【解析】本题考查非谓语动词的用法。

现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰newlaws,相当于whichforces……...

14Thechildrenallturned

thefamousactressassheenteredtheclassroom.A.lookedatB.tolookatC.tolookingatD.lookat【答案】B。【解析】句意为：当那位著名的女演员走进了教室，所有的孩子都转过头去看她。turnto

表示“转向，求助”的意思。15.Nowthatwe’vediscussedoutproblem,arepeoplehappywiththedecisions

?A.takingB.takeC.takenD.totake【答案】C。【解析】考查with+宾语+宾语补足语的用法。句意为：现在,我们已经讨论了问题,是人们最满意的决定？

take

与thedecisions之间存在的关系是动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动16.Weareinvitedtoaparty_________inourclubnextFriday.A.tobeheldB.heldC.beingheldD.holding【答案】A【解析】本题考查非谓语动词的用法，由nextmonth可知时间是在将来，party是被举行，故选A。17。

Istillremember

totheFamenTempleandwhatIsawthere.A.totakeB.tobetakenC.takingD.beingtaken【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处非谓语动词做remember的宾语，而remember后用非谓语动词做宾语时，可以用v-ing形式，v-ing表示的动作已经完成，也可用动词不定式，表示的动作还未发生，根据后文的saw可知此处非谓语动词动作已经完成，且与逻辑主语是被动关系，用v-ing的被动式，选D。18.Asmallplanecrashedintoahillsidefivemileseastofthecity,_____allfourpeopleonboard.A.killedB.killingC.killsD.tokill【答案】B19.Withthegovernment’said,those_____bytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.A.affectB.affectingC.affectedD.wereaffected【答案】C20.Billsuggested_____ameetingonwhattodofortheShanghaiExpoduringthevacation.A.havingheldB.toholdC.holdingD.hold【答案】C21.Ladiesandgentlemen,pleaseremain__________untiltheplanehascometoacompletestop.A.seatedB.seatingC.toseatD.seat【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语的用法。remain后可接adj,v-ing,v-ed和tobedone

等多种形式做表语，在该题中可以把seated视为一个形容词，所以正确答案为A。22.Davidthreatened

hisneighbourtothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid.A.tobereportedB.reportingC.toreportD.havingreported【答案】C23.Hetolduswhether_________apicnicwasstillunderdiscussionA.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.had【答案】B.【解析】考查非谓语的用法，分析句子可知whether+todosth.

做了宾语从句的主语,Hetoldus后省略了宾语从句的引导词that。24.________manytimes,hefinallyunderstoodit.A.ToldB.TellingC.HavingtoldD.Havingbeentold【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语的用法。tell与主语之间的关系是被动和完成的关系，所以用havingbeendone来表示被动和完成。25.______theprojectintime,thestaffwereworkingatweekends.A.CompetingB.HavingcompletedC.TohavecompletedD.Tocomplete【答案】D26._____bytheadvancesintechnology,manyfarmershavesetupwindfarmsontheirland.A.BeingencouragedB.EncouragingC.EncouragedD.Havingencouraged【答案】C27．_______andshortofbreath,AndyandRubywerethefirsttoreachthetopofMountTai.A.the;aB.TiredC.TiringD.Beingtired【答案】B28．Thereisagreatdealofevidence_______thatmusicactivitiesengagedifferentpartsofthebrain.【答案】BA.indicateB.indicatingC.toindicateD.tobeindicating29.Michael’snewhouseislikeahugepalace,______withhisoldone.A.comparingB.comparesC.tocompareD.compared【答案】D30.Withtheworldchangingfast,wehavesomethingnew______withallbyourselveseveryday.A.dealB.dealt

C.todealD.dealing【答案】C31.Theyusecomputerstokeepthetraffic

smoothly.A.beingrunB.runC.torunD.running【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词Ving，这儿构成(keepsth.doing。32.SchoolsacrossChinaareexpectedtohire50,000collegegraduatesthisyearasshort-termteachers,almostthreetimesthenumberhiredlastyear,

reduceunemploymentpressures.A.helpB.tohavehelpedC.tohelpD.havinghelped【答案】C33.Distinguishedguestsandfriends,welcometoourschool,

theceremonyofthe50thAnniversarythismorningareouralumni(校友)fromhomeandabroad.A.AttendB.ToattendC.AttendingD.Havingattended【答案】C34-WhydoestheLakesmellterrible?-Becauselargequantitiesofwater.A.havepollutedB.isbeingpolluted

C.hasbeenpollutedD.havebeenpolluted【答案】D

考查动词时态，语态和主谓语一致。根据前一分句可知所填动词表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响，时态用现在完成时，动词与主语是被动关系，用被动语态。主语是largequantitiesofwater，其中心词是quantities，是复数，谓语动词用复数，选D。35.Accordingtotheliteraryreview,Shakespeare

hischaritieslivethroughtheirlanguageinhisplays.A.willmakeB.hadmadeC.wasmakingD.makes【答案】D

动词时态。题干是陈述一个客观真理，用一般现在时，选D。36．Wouldyoupleasekeepsilent?Theweatherreportand_________Iwanttolisten.A.isbroadcast

B.isbeingbroadcast

C.hasbeenbroadcast

D.hadbeenbroadcast【答案】B

时态和语态。句意为：请保持安静行吗?

我想听正在广播的天气报告。说话间正在发生的动作，应用进行时同时表示被动含义。故选B。37.—Thefoodhereisniceenough.—Myfriend______mearightplace.A.introducesB.introducedC.hadintroducedD.wasintroducing【答案】B

时态的用法。句意为：——这里的食物不错。——我的朋友介绍给我一个正确的地方。表示过去的行为。38.Atpresent,oneoftheapartmentsinfavorofthenewairport________thatitwillgoingalotjobstothearea.A.isB.areC.willbeD.were【答案】A

考查时态的用法。根据atpresent=now

可知，应用一般现在时。39.-------Whatisthepriceofpetrolthesedays-------Oh,it______sharplysincelastmonth.A.israisedB.hasrisenC.hasarisenD.isincreased【答案】B

考查时态的用法。

根据sincelastmonth

可知应用现在完成时。40.---Doyouwantalifthome?---It’sverykindofyou,butIhaveamuchlateintheoffice.Ioversleptthismorningbecausemymorningclock_______.A.doesn’tgooffB.won’tgoneC.wasn’tgoingoffD.didn’tgoon【答案】D

考查时态的用法。根据Ioversleptthismorning

可知应用一般过去时。41.Hissisterlefthomein1998,and

since.A.hadnotbeenheardof

B.hasnotbeenheardof

C.hadnotheardof

D.hasnotheardof42.ThenumberofforeignstudentsattendingChineseuniversities________risingsteadilysince1990.A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeen【答案】C

本题考查主谓一致和时态，主语是

thenumber故谓语动词用单数，又因时间状语是since1997所以用完成时态。43.Iwasoutoftownatthetime,soIdon’tknowexactlyhowit_______.A.washappeningB.happenedC.happensD.hashappened【答案】B本题考查具体语境中的时态，后一句隐藏的时间状语是atthetime.44.Dr.Smith,togetherwithhiswifeanddaughters,

visitBeijingthissummer.A.isgoingtoB.aregoingtoC.wasgoingtoD.weregoingto【答案】A

考查动词时态和主谓一致。主语中心词是Dr.Smith，表单数，谓语动词用单数形式；时间状语是thissummer，表计划性的将来，故时态用一般将来时，选A。（09陕西）45.Thisisthefirsttimewent

afilminthecinematogetherasafamily.A.seeB.hadseenC.sawD.haveseen【答案】D

考查动词时态。the+序数词+time引导的时间状语从句中动词时态用完成时，有参照动词is可知此处用现在完成时，选D。（09上海）46.Marywenttotheboxofficeatlunchtime,butallthetickets____out.A.wouldsellB.hadsold