2024北京东城区高三（上）期末英语试题和答案

试题PAGE1试题2024北京东城高三（上）期末英语2024.1本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。When19-yearoldAliceDickinsonfoundoutherfatherhadcancer,her1wasalittledifferentthanyoumightexpect.Tohonorherfather,whoshealsodescribesasherbestfriend,shedecidedtostartabookdrivecalledForLove,2booksforkidswithcancer.“Itwasverymuchanovernightidea,”sheexplains.“Ipostedamessageonanappaskingmyneighborsforusedbookdonations.Iwasonlyexpectingafewhereandthere,buttheresponsewastruly3anditwasjustthepushIneededtoco-existwithmysadnessratherthanlettingit4me.”“Itwasabsolutelyheartbreakingtowatchmydad5cancerandseehimlosealittlebitofhimselfeachday,butthebookdriveallowedmeto6anewfoundsenseofpurposemixedwithanevengreatersenseofsympathyanddesiretohelpothers.Iwantedtohelp7.They’vealwaysheldasoftspotinmyheart.”Usingthe8sheearnsfromworkingatherparents’breadshop,Alicehasboughtmanybooksoutofherownpocket.Inaddition,shereceivesdonationsthroughheronlinewishlist.Alicespentawholesummerdrivingaroundtown,loadingboxesofbooksintohercar.“Itwassuchauniqueexperiencetoknowpeoplehadcarriedthesebooksalltheirlivesthroughgenerations,andtheywantedto9themtomycause.”Theprojecthasseenahuge10,withForLovedonatingover15,000booksandbeingwidelyrecognizedbythemedia.1．A．suffering B．explanation C．response D．treatment2．A．writing B．promoting C．reading D．collecting3．A．appropriate B．incredible C．familiar D．immediate4．A．excuse B．consume C．dismiss D．touch5．A．throwoff B．keepfrom C．lookinto D．gothrough6．A．evaluate B．develop C．regain D．provide7．A．kids B．neighbors C．friends D．parents3．A．credit B．interest C．awards D．tips9．A．gift B．lend C．submit D．mail10．A．market B．profit C．success D．demand第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AMysix-year-olddaughter,Rona,listenedattentivelytotheradioonthehardshipspeoplesuffered11poorareas.ItwasthedayafterRona’sbirthday.andhergrandmotherhadgivenhersomemoney.Whentheofferingbasketcamearound,Rona12（reach）intoherpocket,pulledoutherbirthdaymoney,andputitinthebasket.“Yourgrandmotherwantedyoutousethattobuysomethingnicefor13（you）,”Isaid.“Idid,”Ronarepliedwithabigsmile.“Iboughthappiness.”BSomepeoplearelivingverylonglives.Whataresomeoftheirsecretstolongevity?14（eat）therightfoodplaysabigrole.Exerciseisalsoimportant.Astudyfoundthatpeoplewhoexercisedat15（recommend）levelsgained3.4yearsoflifecomparedtothose16wereinactive.Inaddition,thereisalsoalinkbetweenhappinessandlifespan—happypeoplewithapositiveoutlookonlifetendtolive17（long）andexperiencebetterhealththantheirunhappypeers.CAstudyshows176birdspecieshavebeenfoundtobuildnestswithhumanlitter,suchasplasticbagsandfishingnets.18worriesthescientistsisthatsuchmaterialscanharmchicksandevenadultbirds.Thestudy19（review）researchcoveringalmost35,000nestsandfindsthatbirdsusehuman-madematerialsinnestsonallcontinentsexceptAntarctica.Whilesuchbehaviour20（observe）asearlyasinthe1830s,inrecentyearsithasundoubtedlyincreased.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AConnectedtoeachotherlikeneverbefore,youngpeopletodayarebecomingagentsofchange,increasinglycontributingtoinnovativesolutionsthatimprovepeople’slivesandtheplanet’shealth.TheUnitedNationsInstituteforTrainingandResearchisthereforedelightedtolaunchtheYoungLeadersOnlineTrainingProgramme,afour-weeke-Learningcourse,toprovideparticipantswiththeknowledgeandskillstofullyunfoldtheirpotentialasgloballeaders.◆CONTENT

OnlineLearningModulesModule1:TheUnitedNations（3-9June2024）Module2:ConferenceDiplomacy（外交）（10-16June2024）Module3:SustainableDevelopmentGoals（17-23June2024）Module4:InternationalCommunication（24-30June2024）Eachmodulewillcompriseabout30pagesofliterature,externallinks,videos,andotherrelevantmaterial,correspondingtoatotalworkloadof40-45hoursduringthefourweeks.

LiveComponentsEache-LearningmodulewillgowithaseriesoflivemeetingswithUNexperts.Thesewillhavevaryinglengthsandformats,includinge-workshops,mock（模拟的）interviews,etc.◆COMPLETIONREQUIREMENTSParticipantsarequalifiedforacoursecertificateuponsuccessfulcompletionofthecomponentsbelow:

Readingthefourmodules’content.YoumaywishtostudythematerialthroughtheinteractiveprogrammeArticulateStorylineorsimplydownloadthePDFversionofthecontent.Theyareidenticalincontentandaremeanttogiveparticipantsflexibilityinthewaytostudy.

Participationinthediscussionboardforums（论坛）.Youaresupposedtoanswerquestionsoneverymoduleinshorttexts.Yourpostswillbeevaluatedaccordingtobothquantityandquality.

Passingthemultiple-choiceassessments.Eachmodulefeaturesanassessmentquizatitsend.Itcontains10questions,andpassingthemodulerequiresatleast8outof10questionscorrectlyanswered.21．Whatisthemainaimofthecourse?A．Toimprovethelivesofyoungpeople. B．Toconnecttheyoutharoundtheworld.C．Tocollectinnovativeideasfromyoungpeople. D．Tobuilduptheyouth’sgloballeadershipability.22．Whatwillparticipantsdoineachmodule?A．Readgreatworksofliterature. B．Spend40-45hoursonlearning.C．MakevideosfortheUnitedNations. D．HaveonlinemeetingswithUNexperts.23．Togetacoursecertificate,aparticipantneedsto______A．takepartinthediscussions B．postquestionsoneachmoduleC．copythePDFversionofthecontent D．answerallthetestquestionscorrectlyBWhenIfirstheardabouttheimprov（即兴表演）classes,Iwastorn.Asanintrovert,Ifearedgettingonstageandimprovisinginfrontofstrangers.However,IknewIwantedtoworkasasciencecommunicatorafterfinishingmyPh.D.,soitseemedliketheperfectopportunitytoimprovemyspeakingabilityandgainconfidencethinkingonmyfeet.Duringourfirstclass,welearnedacoreconceptofimprov:“yes,and.”Itmeansthat,asimprovisers,weacceptwhatfellowperformerssay.Ifsomeonesaysthatrhinos（犀牛）arelibrarians,forexample,thenrhinosarelibrarians.Wedonotquestionthelogic;wesay“yes”andcontinuewiththesceneasifnohimiswrong.Igotatasteofhowdifficultthatwaswhenactingoutmyfirstscene.Myclassmateturnedtomeandsaid,“Momisgoingtobesomad.”Madaboutwhat?Mymindspunoutideas,andmyinnercriticshotthemalldown.Webrokethecar?No,that’stooeasy.Wefailedatest?No,youdon’twantyourclassmatesthinkingyou’restupidonthefirstday.Ifinallylandedonananswer:“Yes,we’regoingtobelatefordinner.”Thesceneproceededfromthere,andweeventuallyfinishedastwosisterswholosttheirwayonahikingtrail.Thefirstfewsceneswerehard,butasweeksturnedintomonths,Ibecamemorecomfortablethinkingonmyfeetandevenstartedtoenjoyourclasses.Ineversilencedmyinnercriticentirely,butovertime,Ididn’tpolicemywordswithquitesomucheffort.Ialsobecamebetteratlistening,relatingtomyconversationpartners,andcommunicatingclearlyinthemoment.Thattrainingproveduseful6monthsago,whenmyexperimentsgeneratedunreasonabledata.Earlyoningraduateschool,Iwouldgetstuckwhenthishappened;myinnercriticwouldassumeIhadmadeamistake.Butthen,afterembracingthe“yes,and”concept,insteadofgettingdiscouraged,Ikeptexploringthedataandendedupidentifyinganewtypeofcell—onethatwasn’tbehavingasexpected.IfIhadn’tacceptedthepossibilitythattheresultswerereal,IwouldhavemissedoutonthemostexcitingfindingofmyPh.D.sofar.Allscientistscanbenefitfromthislesson.Ifthedatasayrhinosarelibrarians,thenit’sworthinvestigatingwhetherrhinosare,infact,librarians.Ourjobasscientistsisn’ttogeneratedatathatsupportapreconceived（预想的）story.Ourjobistosay“yes,and.”24．Whydidtheauthortaketheimprovclasses?A．Toimproveherlogicalmind. B．TofinishherPh.D.assignment.C．Todevelophercommunicationskills. D．Topursueherinterestinperformance.25．Howdidtheauthorfeelduringthefirstscene?A．Conflicted. B．Bored. C．Discouraged. D．Embarrassed.26．Accordingtotheauthor,inherexperiments,“yes,and”helpedher______.A．acceptfailures B．makeanewdiscoveryC．makeupforamistake D．correctunreasonabledata27．Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A．Theunknowncanbeaninspiration. B．Theunexpectedcanberewarding,C．Theunfortunatecanbeachance. D．Theunusualcanbedecisive.CWhenwe’resolvingacomplicatedproblem,weoftengatheragrouptobrainstorm.We’relookingtogetthebestideasasquicklyaspossible.Iloveseeingithappen—exceptforonetinywrinkle.Groupbrainstormingusuallybackfires.Extensiveevidenceshowsthatwhenwegenerateideastogether,we’reunlikelytomaximizecollectiveintelligence.AsthehumouristJohnSmithsaid,“Ifyouhadtoidentify,inoneword,thereasonwhythehumanracehasnotachieved,andneverwillachieve,itsfullpotential,thatwordwouldbe:‘meetings’.”Buttheproblemisn’tmeetingsthemselves—it’showwerunthem.Thinkaboutthebrainstormingsessionsyou’veattended.You’veprobablyseenpeoplebitetheirtonguesduetoegothreat（“Idon’twanttolookstupid.”）,noise（“Wecan’talltalkatonce.”）,andconformitypressure（“Let’salljumpontheboss’sship!”）.Goodbyediversityofthought,hellogroupthink.Tounearththehiddenpotentialinteams,insteadofbrainstorming,we’rebetteroffshiftingtoaprocesscalled“brainwriting”.Theinitialstepsaresolo.Youstartbyaskingeveryonetogenerateideasseparately.Next,youpoolthemandsharethemamongthegroup.Topreserveindependentjudgment,eachmemberevaluatesthemontheirown.Onlythendoestheteamcometogethertoselectandrefinethemostpromisingoptions.Bydevelopingandassessingideasindividuallybeforechoosingthem,teamscansurfaceandadvancepossibilitiesthatmightnotgetattentionotherwise.ResearchbyorganizationalbehaviourscholarAnitaWoolleyandhercolleagueshelpstoexplainwhythismethodworks.Theyfindthatakeytocollectiveintelligenceisfullandfairparticipation.Inbrainstormingmeetings,it’stooeasyforparticipationtobecomelopsidedinfavourofthebiggestegos,theloudestvoices,andthemostpowerfulpeople.Thebrainwritingprocessmakessurethatallideasarebroughttothetableandallvoicesarebroughtintotheconversation.Thegoalisn’ttobethesmartestpersonintheroom—it’stomaketheroomsmarter.Collectiveintelligencebeginswithindividualcreativity.Butitdoesn’tendthere.Individualsproduceagreatervolumeandvarietyofnovelideaswhentheyworkalone.Thatmeansthattheycomeupwithmorebrilliantideasthangroups—butalsomoreterribleideasthangroups.Ittakescollectivejudgmenttofindthesignalinthenoiseandbringthebestideastofruition.28．BothJohnSmithandtheauthormayagreethatbrainstormingmeetingsfailto______.A．assesshumanspotential B．simplifyproblemsquicklyC．acceptpossiblegoodideas D．getthemostoutofindividuals9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“lopsided”inParagraph5mostprobablymean?A．Informal. B．Unbalanced. C．Improper. D．Unpleasant.10．Theauthorwritesthispassagemainlyto______.A．challengeaconclusion B．makeacomparisonC．advocateapractice D．introducearesearchDScientistsarepoorforecastersofthefuture.Buttwotrendscanbeconfidentlypredicted.First,theworldwillgetmorecrowded.There’llbemorethan9billionpeopleby2050．Second,theworldwillgetwarmerandsomegovernmentswon’tprioritisethelong-termmeasuresneededtodealwithclimatechange,eventhoughscienceoffersusaroadmaptoalow-carbonfuture.That’swhyweshouldbepromotersofnewtechnology—withoutittheworldcan’tprovidethefoodandsustainableenergyneededforanexpandingpopulation.Butweshouldalsobecautious,asnewtechnologies,suchasAI,maybehardtocontrol.AIwillundoubtedlybecomemoreintrusiveinthefuture.Recordsofourmovements,healthandfinancialtransactionswillbestoredinthecloud.Thedatamaybeusedforjustifiablereasons,suchasproteinfoldinganddrugdevelopment,ortowarnusofinitialhealthrisks,butitsavailabilitytoInternetcompaniesisalreadyshiftingthebalanceofpowerfromgovernmentstoglobal-scalecorporations.Actually,it’sbeyondEarththatAIhasthemostenormouspotential.HumansmayhaveestablishedbasesbeyondEarthbytheyear2100．Butdon’teverexpectmassemigration（移民）fromEarth.It’safalsebeliefthatspaceoffersanescapefromourproblems.DealingwithclimatechangeonEarthisapieceofcakecomparedtoterraformingMars.Nevertheless,weshouldcheeronthesebravehumanspaceadventurers.They’llbeill-adaptedtoaMartianhabitat,sothey’llhaveasupermotivetoredesignthemselves.It’sthey,notthoseofusadaptedtolifeonEarth,whowillpioneerthepost-humanera（时代）.Ifprost-humansmaketheshiftfromfleshandbloodtofullyartificialintelligences,theywon’tneedanatmosphereofevengravity,soit’sindeepspace—notevenonMarsthatnonbiological“brains”maydeveloppowersthatwecan’timagine.Theymayendupbeingmentallydifferentfromus.AIcouldjump-startahugeemigrationandthusevermorecomplexintelligencespreadsthroughtheuniverse.Butlet’srefocusfromthesciencefictionofthefarfuture.closertothehereandnow.Thiscenturyisspecial.It’sthefirst,inEarth’s4.5-billion-yearhistorywhereonespecies-ours—holdstheplanet’sfutureinitshands.Ourintelligencecouldinitiatebillionsofyearsofpost-humanevolution（演化）,evenmoreamazingthanthatwhichledtous.Ontheotherhand,humanscouldcausebiological,environmentalorcybercatastrophesthatforecloseallthispotential.Ifscienceistosaveus,weneedtothinkglobally,sensiblyandlong-term—empoweredbyscience,butguidedbyvaluesthatsciencealonecan’tprovide.31．Whydoestheauthormentionthetwotrendsinthefirstparagraph?A．Toreplytogovernments’decisions. B．Toshowscientists’predictionability.C．Topresentacallforscientificadvances. D．Tohighlightthechallengestoscientists.32．Accordingtothispassage,AIcan______.A．putanendtoclimatechange B．makemasshumanemigrationpossibleC．speedupthecompetitioninmedicalfields D．bringaboutpotentialthreatsfrombigcompanies33．Asforthefuture,whatdoestheauthoragreewith?A．Post-humanswillrepeatthehistoryofhumans.B．Complexintelligencewilldominatetheuniverse.C．Fullyartificialintelligencesmayinhabitouterspace.D．Non-biologicalbrainsmayinviteunforeseendisasters.34．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．CouldAISaveUs? B．WillScienceLeadEvolution?C．ArcSpaceAdventurersPioneers? D．IsComplexIntelligenceComing?蜜蜂试卷第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。TheScienceofComfortFoodCertainfoodsalwaysgiveusmuchpleasure.35However,muchofthehappinesswegetfromourfavoritefoodscomesfromthememoriestheybringtousandthepeoplewe’rewithwhileweenjoythem.36That’swhyourbrainsrewardusforeatinganythingatallbyreleasingachemicalthatenhancesmood.Butasanyonewho’severeatenapplepieknows,sweetscanmakeusfeelespeciallynice.Onestudyfoundthatpeoplewhoareespeciallysensitivetosweetnesshavestrongerbrain-rewardresponsestosugaryfoodsthanlesssweet-sensitivepeopledo.Somefoodsareespeciallyemotionallysatisfyingforreasonsthathavelittletodowiththeirtasteornutritionalcontent,though.37AndmanyfavoriteAmericancomfortfoods—chili,say—arenotparticularlysweetorhighincarbohydrates（碳水化合物）.Oftenwelovefoodbecausewehavefondmemoriesassociatedwithit.OnedishIcannotlivewithoutataNewYearpartyismymom’sSnowyMashedPotatoes,whichremindmeofholidayjoyandpastreunionswithextendedfamily.38Sometimesyoumightfeelsadwhenyoueatfoodsthatremindyouoflovedonesyoumiss.Wemayalsoavoidfoodsthatweassociatewithbadexperiences.Ihaven’teatencottagecheesesinceIwas8yearsold,becauseitwasthelastthingIatebeforerollingoffthebedwithaterriblestomachache.Inadditiontopastmemories,thecontextinwhichweeatfoodsmatters,too.39Andourgustatory（味觉的）experiencescanbeheightenedby“asenseofcommunity,asenseofwarmthandenjoyingittogether”.Iappreciatemymum’spotatoesevenmoretodaywhenIeatthemwithmyhusbandandtwochildren.A．Foodisessentialforoursurvival.B．Theseassociationscangotheotherway,too.C．Wedesirecomfortfoodswhenwefeellonely.D．Itshapeshowmuchweenjoytheminthemoment.E．Theirtasteandnutritionalcontentaffecthowwefeel.F．Ourmemoryforsmellcanbelong-lastingandprecise.G．Afterall,differentcultureshavedifferentcomfortfoods.第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Smartphoneshavebecomeabigpartofpeople’slives.Whenwetemporarilycan’tfindthem,itcausesafeelingofanxietyorpanic.Somepsychologistshavecalledit“nomophobia”.Thankfully,Irodethroughthewithdrawalofmysmartphoneanditwasshort-lived.WhenIgotmyfirstsmartphoneoveradecadeago,Ilovedit.Itgavemeinstantaccesstomymusic,aworldofinformationandthousandsofphotosandvideos.Butovertime,Ibecameincreasinglyambivalent（矛盾的）aboutitsroleinmylife.Iwouldrepeatedlyrefreshmyemail,shoponlineforstuffIdidn’tneedandconstantlyscrollthroughthelatestnews.I’doftencomplaintomyhusbandandtomyseven-year-oldson,Louis,thatIfelttrappedbyit.Then,onedaylastsummer,whileIwasplayingwithLouis,Iwasonceagaindistractedbydingsandpings.Hefinallyremindedmeofmycomplaints,butrephrasedthemasaplea（请求）:“Mommy,justgiveitupalready!”Idecidedtotry.Insteadofgoingcoldturkey—nocellphoneatall—Iboughtaflipphone.Withnotouchscreen,textingistime-consuming.Once,whiletryingtocatchupontextswithafriend,Ifinallygotfrustratedandcalledher.IrealizedIhadn’tspokentohersinceherbigmove.Itmadeadifferencetohearboththeexcitementinhervoiceasshedescribedseeingthenorthernlightsandhersadnessinbeingawayfromasickparent.Nowadays,peoplemayprefertext-basedcommunicationoverusingthephonebecausetheyfearthatthecallwillbeawkward.But,justasIlearned,whenwewereforcedtoconnectvoicetovoice,wewouldfindourselvesmorebondedtothatperson.WuyouSui,anexpertresearchingdigitalhealth,describesnomophobiaasareliancethat’sbeenplaceduponus.“Wheneversomethingisdesignedtomakeachoiceeasier,it’scalledabehaviouralnudge（助推）,”heexplains,addingthatthemorecentraltoourlivesthesmartphone’sfunctionsare,themoreprisonedwebecome.Ultimately,though,thatsenseofdependenceisfalse.AsI’vefound,youcandoallthethingsyouneedtodoinotherways.It’snotalwaysconvenient,butIknowI’mmuchcalmeronaregularbasiswithoutmysmartphone.40．Whatdoes“nomophobia”referto?41．Whydidtheauthordecidetogiveuphersmartphone?42．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderline