四川省绵阳市2024-2025学年高三上学期第一诊断性考试英语试题含答案

绵阳市高中2022级第一次诊断性考试英语本试卷分为试题卷和答题卡两部分，其中试题卷共12页;答题卡共2页。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必在答题卡上将自己的学校、班级、姓名用0.5毫米黑色签字笔填写清楚，同时用2B铅笔将考号准确填涂在“考号”栏目内。2.选择题使用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡对应题目标号的位置上，如需改动，用橡皮擦擦干净后再选涂其它答案;非选择题用0.5毫米黑色签字笔书写在答题卡的对应框内，超出答题区域书写的答案无效;在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。3.考试结束后将答题卡收回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)回答听力部分时，先将答案标在试卷上。听力部分结束前，你将有两分钟的时间将你的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案:C。1.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Makingadeal.B.Playingagame.C.Watchingamatch.2.Whatisthewomangoingtodo?A.Attendameeting.B.Havehermeal.C.Gotowork.3.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Theirapartment.B.Theirpet.C.Theirdaughter.4.Wheredoesthisconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inashoeshop.B.Inaschool.C.Inanairport.5.WhenistheTreePlantingDay?A.OnFriday.B.OnSaturday.C.OnSunday.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatnaturaldisasterishappening?A.Hurricane.B.Flood.C.Wildfire.7.Whatisthewoman?A.Afirefighter.B.Areporter.C.Avolunteer.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatpreventsthemangoingtotheparty?A.Thepreparationforreading.B.Thepunishmentfrommom.C.TheappointmentwithLuke.9.WhatwillMr.Galerepairthistime?A.Theairconditioner.B.Thefridge.C.Theoven.10.Whattimeisitnow?A.2:15.B.3:45.C.4:15.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.WhatdidthewomanmisswhileviewingtheChinesepainting?A.Thecolors.B.Theemotions.C.Theshapes.12.Whatdidthesculptorprobablywanttoexpress?A.Asenseofharmony.B.Thebeautyofnature.C.Thepowerofwill.13.Whatdoweknowabouttheoilpainting?A.Itpresentsahistoricalevent.B.Itiscreatedbymanypeople.C.Itismainlyaboutalandmark.听第9段材科，回答第14至16题。14.WhatkeepsDeniellewritingabook?A.Titleofbest-sellers.B.Pushfromeditors.C.Passionforstory-telling.15.WhyisJustBeBraveoneofthewriter’sfavorites?A.Ittouchesonherpreference.B.Itcontainsmanymovingsongs.C.Ituncoverstheviolenceofwars.16.HowdoesDenielleviewherreputation?A.Sheisafraidofit.B.Sheisinterestedinit.C.Shefeelsdrivenbyit.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Howdodogsbenefittheirowners?A.Bybeinggoodhelpers.B.Byprotectingtheirfamily.C.Byofferingthemcomfort.18.Whatdodogsbringtopeopleaccordingtothe2023study?A.Lowerbloodpressure.B.Abettermood.C.Fasterheartbeat.19.Whydopeopletendtotalktotheirdogs?A.Dogslistenwithoutjudgement.B.Dogsaregiftsfromlovedones.C.Dogshavenonegativeemotions.20.WhatdoesKoganadvisepeopletodo?A.Readmoretotheirdogs.B.Avoidupsettingtheirdogs.C.Replytotheirdogsintime.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。ACoveringhugelandsofChileandArgentinaintheSouthernHemisphere,Patagoniaisheavenforfansofoutdooradventures.ElCalafate,ArgentinaEveryday,groupsofbusesdepartElCalafateforthePeritoMorenoglacier—anaccessibleicysight,andoneoftheworld’sfewadvancingglaciers.Aseriesofboardwalksleadtovariousviewpointsthatallowyoutobeamazedatthisshining,blue-whitewallofice.Futaleufú,ChileImagineit:youandtherestoftheraftingcrewarewaitingforthesignalfromtheraftingguidetorowlikeyourlifedependsonit.Hugeriverwavesarehittingtheboatandwhite-watersprayshowersyouheadtofoot.YouwipethewateroutofyoureyesandenjoythesunshinewhenpeopleintheNorthernHemispheresufferfromthefreezingcold,andtherearenumerousguesthouseswhereyoucanbaseyourself.CuevadelasManos,ArgentinaInahiddencanyon,reachablebytouroryourownwheels,aboardwalkleadsyoupastavastoverhangingrockface,decoratedwithancientrockart.ThisUNESCOWorldHeritageSiteisoneofthemostfamousrockartsitesinSouthAmerica,withover800outlinesofhumanhandsandfeetofwildlife.PuntaTombo,ArgentinaYousmellthepenguinsbeforeyouseethem.ThepresenceofnearlyamillionMagellanicpenguins—somehidingunderground,somegoingfishinginthesea,othersstandingaround—isapowerfuleffectonyoursenses.Thelong,narrowpeninsulaalsoattractsgulls,flightlesssteamerducks,andblackoystercatchers.1.WhatcanyoudoinElCalafate,Argentina?A.Carveicywalls. B.Admireglaciers.C.Enjoybustours. D.Decorateboardwalks.2.Inwhichmonthcanyoutakeonthewhite-waterraftingtrips?A.January. B.May. C.August. D.October.3.Whereshouldyougoifyouareinterestedinobservinglivewildlife?A.FutaleufúChile B.ElCalafate,ArgentinaC.PuntaTombo,Argentina D.CuevadelasManos,Argentina【答案】1.B2.A3.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了位于南半球的巴塔哥尼亚地区及其周边几个适合户外探险的地点。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据ElCalafate,Argentina部分中“Aseriesofboardwalksleadtovariousviewpointsthatallowyoutobeamazedatthisshining,blue-whitewallofice.(一系列的木板路通向不同的视角，让你惊叹于这闪闪发光的蓝白色冰墙。)”可知，你可以在阿根廷的埃尔卡拉法特通过一系列的木板路到达不同的观赏点，欣赏这闪闪发光的蓝白色冰墙。故选B。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据Futaleufú,Chile部分中“Hugeriverwavesarehittingtheboatandwhite-watersprayshowersyouheadtofoot.YouwipethewateroutofyoureyesandenjoythesunshinewhenpeopleintheNorthernHemispheresufferfromthefreezingcold,andtherearenumerousguesthouseswhereyoucanbaseyourself.(巨大的河浪打在船上，白色的水花从你的头喷到脚。当北半球的人们在寒冷中受苦时，你可以擦去眼睛里的水，享受阳光，还有无数的宾馆可以让你歇脚。)”可知，当北半球的人们饱受严寒之苦时，你可以在Futaleufú享受阳光，进行漂流。由此可以推断，“白水漂流之旅”应该在南半球的夏季进行，即12月到2月之间。故选A。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据PuntaTombo,Argentina部分中“ThepresenceofnearlyamillionMagellanicpenguins—somehidingunderground,somegoingfishinginthesea,othersstandingaround—isapowerfuleffectonyoursenses.Thelong,narrowpeninsulaalsoattractsgulls,flightlesssteamerducks,andblackoystercatchers.(近百万只麦哲伦企鹅的存在——有的躲藏在地底下，有的出海捕鱼，还有的四处闲逛——会给你的感官带来强烈的震撼。这个狭长半岛还吸引着海鸥、无法飞翔的船鸭和黑蛎鹬。)”可知，如果你对观察野生生物感兴趣，你应该去PuntaTombo。故选C。BIwasdrivingonahotmorningtoLosAngelesinabrand-newcar.Istoppedtogetfuel.Ithoughtanygaswouldwork,andIpickedone.Awhilelater,gettingclosertoLosAngeles,that’swhenthecarsuddenlydied.Icalledtherentalagency.Tenminuteslater,amannamedJacksoncamewithatowtruckandmovedmeofftheroad.Itoldhimwhatwaswrong.Ifeltsodepressed,andIstartedtocry.“Don’tworry.Everythingwillbefine,”hesaid.“It’sOKtocry.Isometimescry.”Thenwesatinhistrucktowaitfortheagentfromthecar-rentalcompany.Hegavemesomesuggestionsondrivingandcars.Itseemedasiftherentalcompanyhadtakenadvantageofmebygivingmeabadcar.Whentheagentfinallycame,Iwasthendriventotherentaloffice.Iwasmadaboutgettingacarthatdidn’tworkrightandcomplainedtothemanager.Heofferedmeanothercar,butIdidn’twanttohandlemoredrivingandaskedarefundoffullamount.Themanageragreedgently.Then,aswewenttogetmystufffromthecar,Isawsomethingwrittenonthewindshield(挡风玻璃):“DieselOnly.”IGoogleddieselandlearnedthatgasshouldn’tbeputinadieselcar.Ithought:Oh,myGod!Itwasmyfault.Ifeltsostupid.Themanagerleftmeatthetrainstationwithmysuitcaseandthreebags,whereIaskedapolicemanwhattraintotaketoLosAngeles.Hesaidabuswouldbequicker,andthenhecarriedmybagstothestopandtoldthedrivertotellmewhentogetoff,whichhedid.Onthewaytothehotel,Ifeltawholechainofpeoplehelpedme,butIwastrappedinthinkingeveryonehadbadintentions.It’snaturaltobecautiousinthecomplexworld,butIguessIneededtobemoreopentothekindnessofstrangers,toseethepotentialforgoodineveryinteraction.4.Whydidthecarstopworking?A.Itwasanoldcar. B.Itranoutofgas.C.Duetothehotweather. D.Owingtothewrongfuel.5.HowdidJacksonreacttotheauthor’scrying?A.Hedepressedher. B.Hecriedwithher.C.Hecomfortedher. D.Hecomplainedtoher.6.Whatdidthemanagerfinallydoaftertheauthor’scomplaint?A.Hegavehermoneyback. B.Heofferedasecondcar.C.Hedrovehertothehotel. D.Hehelpedcarryherbags.7.Whatdidtheauthorlearnfromherexperience?A.Trustishardtobuildoncelost.B.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.C.Menarebornkindandtrustworthy.D.Cautionandopennessneedbalance.【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者租车时因加错油导致车抛锚，在寻求帮助的过程中，作者意识到自己在复杂的世界中需要保持谨慎，但也要坦率地接受陌生人的善意，看到每一次互动中潜在的美好。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句“IGoogleddieselandlearnedthatgasshouldn’tbeputinadieselcar.Ithought:Oh,myGod!Itwasmyfault.Ifeltsostupid.(我在谷歌上搜索了柴油，了解到柴油车不应该加汽油。我想：哦，天哪！这是我的错。我觉得自己很愚蠢。)”可知，车停止工作的原因是作者加错了油，将汽油加到了柴油车里。因此，车停止工作的原因是加错了油。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中Jackson的话“Don’tworry.Everythingwillbefine(别担心。一切都会好起来的)”和“It’sOKtocry.Isometimescry(哭也没关系。我有时也会哭。)”可知，Jackson看到作者哭，安慰了作者，告诉她别担心，哭是可以的，他有时候也会哭。因此，Jackson对作者哭泣的反应是安慰她。故选C。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Heofferedmeanothercar,butIdidn’twanttohandlemoredrivingandaskedarefundoffullamount.Themanageragreedgently.(他提出给我另一辆车，但我不想再开车了，并要求全额退款。经理温柔地同意了。)”可知，作者抱怨之后要求全额退款，不再要另一辆车，经理同意了，最后把钱还给了她。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句“It’snaturaltobecautiousinthecomplexworld,butIguessIneededtobemoreopentothekindnessofstrangers,toseethepotentialforgoodineveryinteraction.(在这个复杂的世界里保持谨慎是理所当然的，但我觉得我需要更加坦率地接受陌生人的善意，在每一次互动中看到潜在的美好。)”可知，作者认识到在复杂的世界里应该保持谨慎，但也需要更加坦率地接受陌生人的善意，看到每一次互动中潜在的美好。因此，作者从她的经历中学到了需要平衡谨慎和坦率。故选D。CTheauthorofTheJoyLuckClub,AmyTan,makesaglorioussuccessofwritingthisnon-fiction.TheBackyardBirdChroniclestightensthefocusindescribinganddrawingavarietyofbirdsthatvisitheryardinCalifornia.Thebookconsistsofjournalentriesfrom2017through2022thatdescribeherobservationsofthebehaviorofgoldencrownedsparrows,Anna’shummingbirdsandotherbirds,withherdrawingsofthem.Theentirepackageisfascinating,allthemoresobecauseTanfillsthepageswithquestionsaboutwhatsheisseeing.Oneday,frominsideherhouse,Tannoticedafinchflyingbackandforthjustoutsidetheglassdoor,whilelookingdirectlyather.Onefeederwasfullofseeds,andthebirdsattherebutdidnoteat.Anotherfeedernearby,devotedtohighlyfavoredsunflowerseeds,wasempty.“CouldthisbirdpossiblybesignalingthatIshouldrefillitsfavoritefeeder?”Tanwondered.Shedidrefillit,andthefinch“immediatelywenttothefeederandateandateandate.”Whenshebeganthisproject,Tancouldrecognizepreciselythreebirdsinheryard.Now,thecountis63species.Asabirdloverandobserver,Ideeplyshareherjoyatthislearningcurve:In2023,Icounted43birdspeciesinourlittlepatchoflandinsoutheasternVirginia.Tan’splayfulhumormixeswithcompleteanthropomorphism(拟人)attimes:“Iwanttouristjunkfood!”declaresababycrow(乌鸦)shehasdrawn.Thisplayfultoneonlybringsextrawarmthtoabeautifullywrittenandillustratedvolume.Thisbookoffersreflectionsonwaysthatwatchingbirdscanrenewourjoyinnature,andmaybeeventransformourlives.8.WhatformisthebookTheBackyardBirdChronicleswrittenin?A.Diaries. B.Novels. C.Poems. D.Questionnaires.9.WhydoestheauthormentionTan’sobservationofafinch?A.TopraiseTan’swritingability. B.Tourgetheprotectionofthebird.C.Tostressthebird’spreference. D.ToshowTan’scuriosityaboutbirds.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thislearningcurve”inParagraph3referto?A.TheapproachTanadoptedtostudybirdspecies.BTheprogressTanmadeinidentifyingbirdspecies.C.ThejoysharedbyTanandtheauthorinbirdcounting.D.ThecontrastbetweenTanandtheauthorinbirdcounting.11.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofTan’sbook?A.Pleasantanddirect. B.Freshandbeautiful.C.Warmandhumorous. D.Gloriousandprecise.【答案】8.A9.D10.B11.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了作家谭恩美的作品《后院鸟类编年史》。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Thebookconsistsofjournalentriesfrom2017through2022thatdescribeherobservationsofthebehaviorofgoldencrownedsparrows,Anna’shummingbirdsandotherbirds,withherdrawingsofthem.(这本书包括2017年至2022年的日记记录，描述了她对金冠麻雀、安娜蜂鸟和其他鸟类行为的观察，并附有关于它们的图画。)”可知，这本书采用了日记的形式。故选A。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Oneday,frominsideherhouse,Tannoticedafinchflyingbackandforthjustoutsidetheglassdoor,whilelookingdirectlyather.Onefeederwasfullofseeds,andthebirdsattherebutdidnoteat.Anotherfeedernearby,devotedtohighlyfavoredsunflowerseeds,wasempty.“CouldthisbirdpossiblybesignalingthatIshouldrefillitsfavoritefeeder?”Tanwondered.Shedidrefillit,andthefinch“immediatelywenttothefeederandateandateandate.”(有一天，谭从家里看到一只雀在玻璃门外来回飞翔，直直地望着她。一只喂食器里装满了种子，这只鸟坐在那里，但不吃东西。附近的另一个喂食器是空的，专门喂食备受青睐的葵花籽。谭想知道：“这只鸟可能是在示意我应该给它最喜欢的喂食器补充食物吗？”。她确实重新装满了它，这只雀“立刻到喂食器前，吃了又吃。”)”可知，谭恩美详细描述了这只雀的行为，它示意谭恩美把自己喜欢的那个喂食器装满种子，然后就过去大吃特吃了，只有充满好奇的人才能观察这么细致，由此可推测出，作者描述谭恩美对这只雀的观察是想要表现她对鸟充满好奇。故选D。【10题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“Whenshebeganthisproject,Tancouldrecognizepreciselythreebirdsinheryard.Now,thecountis63species.(当她开始这个项目时，谭可以准确地认出院子里的三只鸟。现在，数量是63种。)”可知，谭恩美在自家院子里识别的鸟从3种慢慢上升到63种，再结合画线词所在句“Asabirdloverandobserver,Ideeplyshareherjoyatthislearningcurve:In2023,Icounted43birdspeciesinourlittlepatchoflandinsoutheasternVirginia.(作为一名鸟类爱好者和观察者，我深深地分享了她对这条学习曲线的喜悦：2023年，我在弗吉尼亚州东南部的一小块土地上统计了43种鸟类。)”可知，“thislearningcurve”指的是上文讲述的谭恩美在识别鸟类方面取得的进步。故选B。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Tan’splayfulhumormixeswithcompleteanthropomorphismattimes(谭的俏皮幽默与完全拟人化的时代混合在一起)”和“ Thisplayfultoneonlybringsextrawarmthtoabeautifullywrittenandillustratedvolume(这种俏皮的语气只会给一本优美的文字和插图带来额外的温暖)”可推知，作者认为谭恩美的这本书幽默且温暖。故选C。DImagineyou’recookingpotatoesforbreakfast.First,you’dremovethepotatoesfromtheirplasticbag.Then,youmightchopthemonaplasticcuttingboard.Next,you’dprobablycooktheminanonstickpan.Alltheremoving,choppingandoverheatingofnonstickpanscanadd2.3millionmicroplasticstoyourfood.Besidesfood,theairandwaterinyourhomeisfullofmicroplastics.Smallerthanagrainofsalt,weinteractwiththemmorethanwemightrealize.Humansbreathinabout22,000,000microplasticsannually.Asaresult,microplasticshavebeendetectedinourbloodandlungs.We’reonlyjustbeginningtounderstandtheeffectofmicroplasticsonhumanhealth—butresearchsuggestsweshouldconcernmore.Agroundbreakingnewstudyshowshowthepresenceofmicroplasticsinarteries(动脉血管)islinkedtoagreaterriskofheartattackanddeath.Whenmicroplasticsbuildupinarteries,thethickerbloodvessel(血管)wallsreducebloodflowtopartsofthebody.Thisstudywillinspiremoreresearchintowhatotherorgansplasticmaybedamaging,suchasthebrain,orstomach.Microplasticsmaybeinescapable,butwithsimpleswapsandfixes,youcanreducetheamountofmicroplasticsyouencounterinyourownhome.Carryyourownreusablebagsandavoidbuyingfoodthatcomesinmuchplasticpackaging.Whenheatingfood,usestainlesssteelinsteadofnonstickpans.Anotherwaytolimityourexposureistofilter(过滤)yourtapwatertoreduceplasticfibersinthetapwater.Ultimately,plasticmanufacturersandthecompaniesthatselltheirproductsareresponsibleforthehighvolumeofplasticwasteinourenvironments,andsignificantlyreducingthatplastic—andthemicroplasticsthatcomewithit—willhavetobeatthepolicylevelnationwideandworldwide.12.Whatdoestheauthortrytoconveybytellingthecookingstory?A.Microplasticsdirectlyleadtodiseases.B.Nonstickpansarefreeofmicroplastics.C.Weconsumedmicroplasticsunknowingly.D.Cookingistoblameformakingmicroplastics.13.Howdomicroplasticsaffectourbodyaccordingtothenewstudy?A.Bydamagingourbrain. B.Byslowingbloodflow.C.Bythickeningourlungs. D.Bycausingstomachache.14.WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Tipsforpeopletocutmicroplastics.B.Proofofmicroplasticsinourhomes.C.Presenceofmicroplasticsinpackaging.D.Exposuretomicroplasticsviatapwater.15.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Plasticwastecomesfrommicroplasticsonearth.B.Theamountofplasticwasteissignificantlylarge.C.Relevantregulationsarevitaltocontainplasticuse.D.Plasticmakersandbuyersanswerforplasticwaste.【答案】12.C13.B14.A15.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了微塑料对人类健康的影响，包括其在食物、空气和水中的普遍存在，以及可能对人体器官如心脏造成的危害，并提出了一些减少微塑料暴露的建议。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Imagineyou’recookingpotatoesforbreakfast.First,you’dremovethepotatoesfromtheirplasticbag.Then,youmightchopthemonaplasticcuttingboard.Next,you’dprobablycooktheminanonstickpan.Alltheremoving,choppingandoverheatingofnonstickpanscanadd2.3millionmicroplasticstoyourfood.(想象一下你在早餐时煮土豆。首先，你会从塑料袋里拿出土豆。然后，你可能会在塑料砧板上切它们。接下来，你可能会在不粘锅里煮它们。所有去除、切割和加热不粘锅的动作可能会给你的食物增加230万微塑料颗粒)”可推知，作者试图通过讲述烹饪故事来传达我们在不知情的情况下摄入了微塑料。故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Agroundbreakingnewstudyshowshowthepresenceofmicroplasticsinarteries(动脉血管)islinkedtoagreaterriskofheartattackanddeath.Whenmicroplasticsbuildupinarteries,thethickerbloodvessel(血管)wallsreducebloodflowtopartsofthebody.(一项开创性的新研究表明，动脉中微塑料的存在与心脏病发作和死亡风险增加有关。当微塑料在动脉中积聚时，更厚的血管壁会减少流向身体各部位的血液)”可知，微塑料通过减缓血流来影响我们的身体。故选B。【14题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Microplasticsmaybeinescapable,butwithsimpleswapsandfixes,youcanreducetheamountofmicroplasticsyouencounterinyourownhome.Carryyourownreusablebagsandavoidbuyingfoodthatcomesinmuchplasticpackaging.Whenheatingfood,usestainlesssteelinsteadofnonstickpans.Anotherwaytolimityourexposureistofilter(过滤)yourtapwatertoreduceplasticfibersinthetapwater.(微塑料可能是无法避免的，但通过简单的替换和修复，你可以减少在自己家中接触到的微塑料的数量。带上你自己的可重复使用的袋子，避免购买包装有大量塑料的食品。加热食物时，使用不锈钢而不是不粘锅。另一种限制暴露的方法是过滤你的自来水以减少自来水中的塑料纤维)”可知，本段主要提供了减少在家中接触微塑料的建议，包括使用可重复使用的袋子、避免购买塑料包装的食品、使用不锈钢锅加热食物以及过滤自来水等。故选A。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Ultimately,plasticmanufacturersandthecompaniesthatselltheirproductsareresponsibleforthehighvolumeofplasticwasteinourenvironments,andsignificantlyreducingthatplastic—andthemicroplasticsthatcomewithit—willhavetobeatthepolicylevelnationwideandworldwide.(最终，塑料制造商和销售其产品的公司对我们环境中大量的塑料垃圾负有责任，要在全国范围内和全球范围内大大减少这种塑料——以及随之而来的微塑料——将必须在政策层面进行)”可知，塑料制造商和销售产品的公司对塑料垃圾负有责任，并强调了在全国范围内和全球范围内通过政策层面减少塑料和微塑料的重要性。由此推知，相关法规对控制塑料使用至关重要。故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。GraffitiandStreetArtPeoplehavebeenpaintingandwritingonwallsthroughouthistory.Inprehistorictimes,peopleinAfricaandEuropeusedtopaintpicturesofanimalsandpeopleincaves.____16____.IntheRomantownofPompeii,archaeologistshavefoundnumerousexamplesofgraffitiwritteninLatin.Theseincludereligious,politicalandromanticmessages,andevensomemagicspells.Inthelatetwentiethcentury,graffitiandstreetartbecameaninternationalphenomenon.Inthe1970s,youngpeopleinNewYorkusedpenstowritetheirnames,or“tags”,onwallsaroundthecity.OneofthefirsttaggerswasDemetrius.Atfirst,hewrotehistagonwallsinhisneighborhood.Thenhestartedtagginginsubwaystationsonthewaytoandfromschool.Whenthesubwaytrainstoppedatastation,hewouldjumpoff,writehistagonthewallandthenjumpbackonbeforethedoorsclosed.OtherteenagersnoticedDemetrius’stagandstartedtowritetheirown.____17____.Butisgraffitiartordamage?AmericanartistEluraEmeraldorganizedastreetartexhibitionataNewYorkGalleryin2008.“Streetartistsandartistswhopaintonthestreetaremerelyexpressingthemselves,nothurtinganyone.____18____.”shedefended.____19____.Inmanycountries,writingorpaintingonpublicorprivatepropertyisconsideredillegal.Manystreetartistshavebeenstoppedbythepoliceandsomehavehadtopayfines.Manycitycouncilscomplainaboutthehighcostofcleaninggraffitioffbuildings,busesandtrains.However,somecountriestakeamoretolerantattitude.Insomecountries,councilshavetriedtoencourageartistsnottopaintrandomlyonwallsbyallowingthemtoworkinspecificareas.____20____.A.PoliciesalsovaryfromregiontoregionB.TheyshouldbeappreciatedandcelebratedC.ThereareexhibitionsofstreetartinmajorcitiessuchasParisD.Thecity’swalls,busesandsubwaytrainswerecoveredwithtagssoonE.InGreeceandItaly,graffitihasbeenfoundonbuildingsatancientsitesF.InParis,thereare“graffitizones”whereartistsarefreetopaintandwriteG.Therehasbeenagrowingrecognitionofitsvalueinthepastfewdecades【答案】16.E17.D18.B19.A20.F【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了涂鸦和街头艺术。【16题详解】根据空前“Inprehistorictimes,peopleinAfricaandEuropeusedtopaintpicturesofanimalsandpeopleincaves.(在史前时期，非洲和欧洲的人们过去常常在洞穴里画动物和人的画)”和空后“IntheRomantownofPompeii,archaeologistshavefoundnumerousexamplesofgraffitiwritteninLatin.(在罗马的庞贝城，考古学家发现了许多用拉丁语书写的涂鸦)”可知，空处应讲述在其他地方发现的涂鸦证据，E项“在希腊和意大利，在古代遗址的建筑上发现了涂鸦”符合题意。故选E。【17题详解】根据空前“OtherteenagersnoticedDemetrius’stagandstartedtowritetheirown.(其他青少年注意到Demetrius的标签，开始写自己的标签)”可知，空处承接上文，应进一步讲述其他青少年模仿Demetrius所产生的影响，D项“这座城市的墙壁、公共汽车和地铁很快就涂满了标签”符合题意。故选D。【18题详解】根据空前“Streetartistsandartistswhopaintonthestreetaremerelyexpressingthemselves,nothurtinganyone.(街头艺术家和在街上画画的艺术家只是在表达自己，而不是伤害任何人)”可知，EluraEmerald为街头艺术辩护，她认为街头艺术家和在街上画画的艺术家通过街头艺术来表达自己，并没有伤害他人，空处应进一步讲述她认为应该支持这些艺术家，B项“他们应该得到欣赏和赞扬”符合题意。故选B。【19题详解】根据后文“Inmanycountries,writingorpaintingonpublicorprivatepropertyisconsideredillegal.Manystreetartistshavebeenstoppedbythepoliceandsomehavehadtopayfines.Manycitycouncilscomplainaboutthehighcostofcleaninggraffitioffbuildings,busesandtrains.(在许多国家，在公共或私人财产上写作或绘画被认为是非法的。许多街头艺术家被警察拦下，有些人不得不支付罚款。许多市议会抱怨清理建筑物、公共汽车和火车上的涂鸦成本高昂)”和最后一段中的“However,somecountriestakeamoretolerantattitude.(然而，一些国家采取了更宽容的态度)”可知，下文讲述了不同国家对待涂鸦的不同态度，所以A项“政策也因地区而异”最能概括下文内容。故选A。【20题详解】根据空前“Insomecountries,councilshavetriedtoencourageartistsnottopaintrandomlyonwallsbyallowingthemtoworkinspecificareas.(在一些国家，议会试图通过允许艺术家在特定区域工作来鼓励他们不要随意在墙上画画)”可知，空处应具体说明一些国家给艺术家特定涂鸦区域的例子，F项“在巴黎，有“涂鸦区”，艺术家可以在那里自由绘画和写作”符合题意。故选F。第三部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Afterbreakfast,FatherwasbusyreadingthenewspaperwhileMotherwaswatchingTV.Suddenly,myfathersaid,“Let’sbuyagrandfatherclock(落地钟).”Motherreplied____21____,“No,Definitelyno,wearenotbuyingone.”Motherwas____22____mostofthetime.ButthistimeFather____23____,andendedupbuyingwhathewanted.Thenextdaythegrandfatherclockwasdeliveredtoourhouse____24____Mother’spermission.Itwassoloudthateverytimetheclock____25____anhour,wewereshocked.Theloudnoise____26____attractedMr.Kunal,wholivedthreedoorsawayfromourhouse.Soyoucan____27____howhorribleitwas.Andthen,onenight,mymotherwaswokenupbytheclock’snoise.Shewas____28____atbeingwokenupwhilesleeping.Shewasquitesleepy.____29____,sherealizedthattherewasalsoanothernoiseinthehouse,_____30_____fromtheclock:footsteps.Shegotupfromthebedandwenttothediningroom.Toherhorror,therewasa_____31_____ofamanstandingthere,andsheshoutedasloudasshecould,“Whoareyou?”Themanwasso_____32_____thathebrokethechinaplateinhishandandranoutofthehouse.Thenextmorning,asthey_____33_____awaythebrokenplate,Fathersaid,“Theclocksavedusfrompossibledanger,didn’tit?Didn’tItellyouthatitwasa_____34_____clock?”Afterallitdidsaveus.MaybeitisoneoftheveryfewthingsthatFatherboughtandwas_____35_____byMother!21.A.curiously B.easily C.firmly D.softly22.A.considerate B.generous C.pessimistic D.stubborn23.A.assisted B.insisted C.tolerated D.hesitated24.A.for B.under C.on D.without25.A.beat B.hit C.knocked D.struck26.A.even B.later C.rarely D.seldom27.A.hear B.ignore C.imagine D.predict28.A.annoyed B.surprised C.guilty D.pleased29.A.Besides B.However C.Otherwise D.Moreover30.A.absent B.apart C.far D.free31.A.figure B.height C.shadow D.statue32.A.astonished B.concerned C.impressed D.excited33.A.blew B.drove C.gave D.swept34.A.designed B.blessed C.noisy D.troublesome35.A.admired B.denied C.recognized D.rejected【答案】21.C22.D23.B24.D25.D26.A27.C28.A29.B30.B31.A32.A33.D34.B35.A【解析】【导语】本文是篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的父亲不顾母亲的反对，购买了一个落地钟放在家中。一天夜里，作者的母亲被钟表发出的大的噪音给吵醒，从而发现了有个男人偷偷进了他们家，这个男人被母亲突然的大喊声吓跑了。这个落地钟救了作者一家，避免了危险的发生，得到了母亲的欣赏。【21题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：母亲坚定地回答说。A.curiously好奇地；B.easily容易地；C.firmly坚定地、坚决地；D.softly温柔地、柔和地。根据下句“No,Definitelyno,wearenotbuyingone.(不，绝对不，我们不买。)”可知，母亲回答地很坚决。故选C。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：母亲大部分时间都很固执。A.considerate细致的、体贴的；B.generous慷慨的、大方的；C.pessimistic悲观的；D.stubborn固执的。根据前文“Motherreplied1,“No,Definitelyno,wearenotbuyingone.”(妈妈坚定地回答：“不，绝对不，我们不买。”)”可推知，母亲大部分时间应该都是很固执的。故选D。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这一次父亲坚持，最后买了他想要的东西。A.assisted帮助、协助；B.insisted坚持；C.tolerated容忍；D.hesitated犹豫。根据第1、2小题可知，母亲坚决不同意父亲购买落地钟，结合本句中的“But”和“endedupbuyingwhathewanted”可知，父亲最终还是买了，可见他这次很坚持自己的想法。故选B。【24题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：第二天，落地钟未经母亲允许就送到了我们家。A.for为了；B.under在下面；C.on在上面；D.without没有。根据前文母亲的话“No,Definitelyno,wearenotbuyingone.(不，绝对不，我们不买。)”可知，母亲没有同意父亲购买落地钟，所以落地钟被送到家中没有经过母亲的许可。故选D。25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：喧闹声如此之大，以至于每次钟敲一小时，我们都感到震惊。A.beat打败、击打；B.hit击中；C.knocked敲、击；D.struck（时钟）敲响。根据句意和常识可知，这里是指每过一小时时钟就会敲响报时，声音非常大。故选D。【26题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：巨大的噪音甚至吸引了住在离我们家三户之隔的库纳尔先生。A.even甚至；B.later后来；C.rarely罕有、少有；D.seldom很少。根据下句“Soyoucan7howhorribleitwas.(所以你可以想象那有多可怕。)”可知，时钟敲响的声音非常大，甚至住在离我们加三户之隔的邻居都能听得见，这里even强调了声音的可怕程度。故选A。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以你可以想象那有多可怕。A.hear听到；B.ignore忽视；C.imagine想象；D.predict预测。根据上句“Theloudnoise6attractedMr.Kunal,wholivedthreedoorsawayfromourhouse.(巨大的噪音甚至吸引了住在离我们家三户之隔的库纳尔先生。)”可知，离得那么远的邻居都能听见作者家中的钟响的声音，所以可以想象出来这个噪音的可怕程度。故选C。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她因睡觉时被吵醒而生气。A.annoyed生气的；B.surprised惊讶的；C.guilty内疚的；D.pleased高兴的。根据上句“Andthen,onenight,mymotherwaswokenupbytheclock’snoise.(然后，一天晚上，我妈妈被闹钟的声音吵醒了。)”和下句“Shewasquitesleepy.(她很困。)”可知，晚上睡得正香的时候，被自己不喜欢的钟发出的噪音吵醒，一定是非常生气的。故选A。【29题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，她意识到除了钟的声音外，房子里还有另一种声音：脚步声。A.Besides此外；B.However然而；C.Otherwise否则；D.Moreover而且。根据前两句“Shewas8atbeingwokenupwhilesleeping.Shewasquitesleepy.(她因睡觉时被吵醒而生气，她很困