八年级的下册的现在完成时态考点(初二英语下)

第1页共12页现在完成时态--练习资料结构：助动词have/has+过去分词句型转换：否定句：一般疑问句:特殊疑问句：一、表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果 ,（强调结果现在还存在 ）例如Ihavejustcleanedmyclothes.我刚洗过衣服。（“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是 “衣服干净了”）Ihavejusthadmybreakfast.对(现在的影响：不饿)Hashehadhisbreakfast? Yes, hehas.将一般过去时的句子改写为现在完成时的句子。1.Myfatherboughtmanybooksformeyesterday.Now,Ihavealottoreadbecause________________________________2.Isawthisfilmlastweek.Now,IknowthisfilmbecauseI_____________________.3.Ididmyhomeworkyesterday.Now,IcangiveittotheteacherbecauseI______________二、通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词 just(谓语动词之前)（刚刚），already（已经(肯定句)）,before（之前）,yet（一般疑问(句末）,已经；否定句：还）never（从不）,ever(疑问句)twice（两次）,recently(近来）等状语连用，可以和瞬间动词和持续性动词连用,1Tomhasalreadyfinishedhishomework.Tomhasn’tfinishedhishomeworkyet.2Ihavejusthadmylunch.Shehasn’tseenyoubefore.3Haveyouevereatenfish?Ihavenevereatenfish三、体会时间状语：Ihaveneverheardofthatbefore.Haveyoueverriddenahorse?③Shehasalreadyfinishedthework.Haveyoumilkedthecowyet?Yes,Ihavedonethatalready.⑤I’vejustfinishedmyhomework.Hehasnotcomeyet.第2页共12页四、请先圈出时间状语，再用词的适当形式填空1.I________(have)lunchalready.2. thetrain_______(arrive)yet?3.Tom____never_______(be)toChina.Thetwin______just_____(see)myfather.Thetwins____(see)myfatherjustnow.6.______youever_______(ride)ahorse?Never.7._____you________(clean)theroom?Yes,we__________(do)thatalready.When_______you______(do)it?We_______(do)itanhourago.8._____he______(see)thisfilmyet?No.When_____he_____(see)it?He______ittomorrow.Howmanytimes_____you______(come)here?Once.五、翻译句子：你已经问过这个问题两边了，别再烦我了。2我能借你的字典用一下吗？对不起，已经借给 tom了。你以前见过她吗？不，从来没有过。你曾经去过北京吗？是的我去过那儿三次。你已经看完那本小说了吗？是的，我已经把它还给图书馆了。表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也可以表示一直持续到现在并可能还将持续下去。动词使用延续性动词。和表时间段的时间状语连用。常与for或since引导的时间连用，sofar,upto/tillnow到目前为止,inthelast/past+一段时间，allone’slife某人的一生中,bynow,thesedays目前，fortwoyears、since1984、sincehecamehereIhaven’tseenherthesedays.ShehaslearntEnglishfor3years/since3yearsago.Theyhavelivedheresince1990.WhathashappenedtotheUSAinthelast350years?一、注 意：(1)since＋一段时间＋ago＝for＋时间段;sincetwoweeksago=fortwoweeks;Ihavekeptthelibrarybookforaweek.=Ihavekeptthelibrarybooksinceaweekago.(2)since+时间点＝for＋时间段第3页共12页since2000=for13yearssince+从句(常用一般过去时)TheGreenshavelivedinBeijingsincetheymovedtoBeijingfromParis(4)Itis/hasbeen+一段时间 +since从句.自从某事发生已有一段时间了 . Itis/hasbeentwoyearssincemybrotherjoinedthearmy.二、用for或since填空。JillhasbeeninIreland________Monday.JillhasbeeninIreland__________threedays.MyaunthaslivedinAustralia_______15days.Margaretisinheroffice.Shehasbeenthere_____7o'clock.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry________1974.Thebusislate.We'vebeenwaiting________20minutes.7.Nobodylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenempty manyyears.Mikehasbeenill________alongtime.Hehasbeeninhospital________OctoberIt’stenyears______wemeteachotherlasttime.HehastaughtEnglish_______25years.TheGreenshavelivedonthefarm______1990.Theyhavebeenpracticingtheguitar_______twohours.13.－Howlonghaveyoubeenareporter? －_____8yearsago.Ihaven’tgoneforawalkinthepark________alongtime.He’sbeencollectingstamps_______hewasinprimaryschool.Peterhasbeentosummercamp________3times.非延续性动词与现在完成时短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用。为了表述意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词来代替非延续性动词。他入党五年了。HejoinedthePartyfiveyearsago.——HehasbeeninthePartyforfiveyears.——HehasbeenaPartymemberforfiveyears.——ItisfiveyearssincehejoinedtheParty电影开始五分钟了。Thefilmbeganfiveminutesago.——Thefilmhasbeenonforfiveminutes.——Itisfiveminutessincethefilmbegan一、三类型：第一类：动词→be+adj.: Die，finish，open/close，fallill/asleep，marrysb/getmarriedto第二类：动词→be+介词.:start/begin，leave，Join，第三类：动词→另一个动词 : Buy，Borrow，get/beginto延续性v，.Become，puton，二、巧记瞬间性动词的转换“开始离去借来还，出生入死买到家，穿衣入睡要感冒，开开关关变结束第4页共12页1beginbeon6returnbeback2leavebeawayfrom7joinbein3gobeoff8diebedead4borrowkeep9buyhave5comebehere10arrivebehere10reachbehere11putonwearFallasleepBeasleep13catchacoldhaveacold14openbeopen15closebeclosed/短暂性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语①arriveat/insp/getto/reachsp/come/go/movetosp→beinsp/atschool/athome/onthefarm/behere/bethereHegottoBeijingfiveminutesago.HeBeijingfor.2)ImovedtotheUSAin2008.ItheUSAsince.3)Iwenthomeyesterday.Ihomefor.4)Theycameherelastweek.They___________heresince_____________.②cometo/gobackto/returnto→bebacktogoout→beoutHecameouttwoyearsago.He______________for____________.2)WereturnedtoBeijingyesterday.We_______________toBeijingsince__________.③become→beIbecameateacherin2000.I__________ateacherfor___________.2)Theriverbecamedirtylastyear.Theriver_______dirtyfor_________.④close→beclosed open→beopenTheshopclosedtwohoursago.Theshop_________for________.2)Thedooropenedatsixinthemorning.Thedoor_____________forsixhours.⑤getup→beup; die→bedead; leavesp.→beawayfromsp.fallasleep/gettotsleep→beasleep ;finish/end→beover ;marry→bemarried;Igotuptwohoursago.I_____________________since_______________.HeleftShanghaijustnow.He__________________________Shanghaiforfiveminutes.Mygrandpadiedin2002.Mygrandpa__________________for_______________.Themeetingfinishedatsix.Themeeting____________________forsixhours.Igottosleeptwohoursago.I________________since__________________.Theymarriedin1990.They___________________________since_________.⑥start/begintodosth.→dosth.; begin→beonIbegantoteachatthisschoolin1995.I________atthisschoolsince____.Thefilmbegantwominutesago.Thefilm____________for________.⑦borrow→keep;lose→nothave;buy→have;puton→wear第5页共12页catch/getacold→haveacold;gettoknow→knowTheyborroweditlastweek.They__________itsince_____________.Iboughtapentwohoursago.I____________apenfor_____________.Igottoknowhimlastyear.I___________himsince___________.Iputonmyglassesthreeyearsago.I_________myglassesfor______________.have/hasgoneto→havebeeninHehasgonetoBeijing.He_____________Beijingfortwodays.jointheleague/theParty/thearmybealeaguemember/aPartymember/asoldierbeamemberoftheleague/thePartybeintheleague/theParty/thearmy1)Hejoinedtheleaguein2002.He______ a_____ fortwoyears.He_____ a____ the________fortwoyears.He_____ theleaguefortwoyears.2)Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.Mybrother_________ a________for_______ ___________.Mybrother_____ in_______ fortwoyears.注意：havebeenin,havebeento与havegoneto的用法1、have(has)beenin表示“在某地（多长时间）”，现在仍在那里。常与表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗来上海已经有三天了。TheyhavebeeninCanadaforfiveyears.他们到加拿大有五年了。2、have(has)beento表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just,ever,never等连用，例如：Ihavejustbeentothepostoffice.我刚才去邮局了。MaryhasneverbeentotheGreatWall.玛丽从未去过长城。HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhoubefore?你以前曾经去过杭州吗？Have(has)beento后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：Theyhavebeentothatvillageseveraltimes.他们去过那个村庄好几次了。3、have(has)goneto意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，例如：----WhereisTom?----Hehasgonetothebookshop.他到书店去了。JackJohnsonhasgonetoLondon杰.克.约翰逊到伦敦去了用have/hasbeento和have/hasgoneto填空—Hi，Lucy， you ever—No，I .—What aboutyoursister，Lily？

Beijing？—Oh，she

Chengdu，shewillcomebacknextweek.—Ok，thanks.—You’rewelcome.第6页共12页现在完成时强调现在的情况，而一般过去时只单纯表示 过去的动作或状态，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。和现在不发生关系。试比较：Theplanehasarrived.飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿）Theplanearrivedaquarterago.飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去）Ihavetaughthereforfifteenyears.我在这儿已经教了十五年。（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续。 ）Itaughthereforayear.我过去在这儿教过一年。（表示“我“现在已经不在这儿任教了）用括号中所给的动词的适当形式完成下列句子。Mary_______(lose)herpen.______you______(see)ithereandthere?______you______(find)yourwatchyet?3.---Areyouthirsty? ---NO,I______just_______(have)someorange.We________already______(return)thebook.______they_____(build)anewschoolinthevillage?---HasTomtaughtyouEnglish?---Yes,he______(teach)usEnglishfortwoyears.I______(notfinish)myhomeworkyet.Canyouhelpme?What______they_____(do)withthenewspaper?Theyhavereadthem.---Thedoorisopen.Who______(open)it?Doyouknow?---Sorry,Idon’tknow.Myfather_____(read)thenoveltwice.WuDong_____(be)asoldierforoneyear.Thestudents______(study)inthemiddleschoolsincelastmonth.Howlong______you______(know)him?Mike______(make)quiteafewfriendssincehecametoChina.I_____(give)myfriendanicebookrecently.LiPingandWuDong______(see)theoldmanthreetimes._____sheever_____(teach)youEnglish?Thesechildren_____(stay)intheparkfortwohours.一、完成句子1.A：你收集贝壳有多长时间了？ B:自从我上中学以来。A：Howlong______you_______ __________ shells?B：________I_________tomiddleschool.2.我滑冰已有五个小时了。I______ _______ ______________5hours.3.A:这是你首次参加滑冰马拉松吗 ?B:不,去年我参加过。A:Wasthisyour________ _________ _____________?B:No，I___________ ina ______________ lastyear.4.A: B: 3A:Whendidyou______yourfirst__________________?第7

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12页B:Threeyearsago.5.A:他游泳有多长时间了？ B:A:Howlong_______he________B:He______ _______ _______

他已游了半小时了。______________?_______halfanhour.你上网多久了?我上网三小时了。你什么时候开始集邮的？我五年前开始集邮的。他收集贝壳十年了。你上网多久了?我上网三小时了。你什么时候开始集邮的？我五年前开始集邮的。他收集贝壳十年了。动词的过去分词一、规则变化在动词后加ed，规则变化有以下四种：①原形+ed 如：worked,passed②词尾是e时，直接加d 如：likedlived③若词尾为“辅音字母加 y”，则改y为i加ed。词尾

为“元音字母

+y”时，直接加

d；如:playedstayedstudiedcried④末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节是，双写最后一个辅音字母加ed.如：stoppeddropped二、不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词巧记规律put–put–putlet—let–letABA:become—became—becomeABB:stand—stood—stoodABC:eat—ate—eaten现在完成时练习[Exercises7]A）用have(has)been或have(has)gone填空。Where____________LiFei___________?He____________toHainanIsland.Howlong___________he___________there?He_____________thereforthreedays.CouldyoutellmethewaytoHainanIsland?Sorry,I_________never___________there.Howmanytimes___________LiFei__________tothatplace?He_____________thereonlyonce.B）用have/hasbeento/in,havegoneto的各种形式填空。WhereisJack?He__________hiscountry.第8页共12页John_______Englandsincehecameback.Howlong_____have_____thisvillage?TheSmiths______Beijingforyears._____youever____America?--Yes,I_____theremanytimes.I_____thisschoolsincethreeyearsago.C）选择填空()1.Jim'sbeentotheGreatwallbefore,__________he?(A)isn't(B)wasn't(C)hasn't(D)doesn't()2.She'sneverbeentoEngland,_______she?(A)has(B)hasn't(C)isn't(D)is()2.___________hasHanmeibeeninthelibrary.(A)Howlong(B)Howsoon(C)Howfar(D)Howoften()3.Howlong___he______thelibrarybook.(A)has,borrow(B)has,kept(C)has,bought(D)did,buy()4.MrGreenisn'tintheoffice,He__________tothelibrary(A)hasgone(B)went(C)hasbeen(D)willgo()5.Mrsmith_______toTokyoandhewillbebackinaweek(A)hasbeen(B)hasvisited(C)hassent(D)hasgone()6.They_________Chinafortwoyears(A)havebeento(B)havebeenin(c)havegoneto(D)havecometo[Exercises10]A）按要求把短暂性转换为延续性动词arriveat/insw.getto/reachsw.come/go/movetosw.beinsw./atschool/athome/onthefarm/behere/bethereHegottoBeijingfiveminutesago.He__________________________Beijingfor__________________.ImovedtotheUSAlastyear.I__________________________theUSAsince____________________.Iwenthomeyesterday.I________________________homefor___________________.Theycameherelastweek.They__________________heresince___________________.②come/goback,return →beback come/goout →beoutHecameouttwoyearsago.He____________________________for____________________.WereturntoFuzhouyesterday.We_________________________toFuzhousince__________.become→beIbecameateacherin2000.I________ __________ateacherfor__________________.Theriverbecamedirtylastyear.Theriver__________________dirtyfor___________________.close→beclosedopen→beopenTheshopclosedtwohoursago.Theshop__________________________for__________________.第9页共12页Thedooropenedatsixinthemorning.Thedoor________________________forsixhours.⑤getup →beupdie →bedeadleavesw. →beawayfromsw.fallasleep/gettotsleep sleep→beafinish/end →beovermarry →bemarriedIgotuptwohoursago.I________________________since________________.HeleftFuzhoujustnow.He________________________________Fuzhouforfiveminutes.Mygrandpadiedin2002.Mygrandpa______________________for_______________.Themeetingfinishedatsix.Themeeting____________________forsixhours.Igottosleeptwohoursago.I__________________________since___________________.Theymarriedin1990.They___________________________since_________.⑥start/begintodosth. →dosth.begin →beonIbegantoteachatthisschoolin1995.I________atthisschoolsince____.Thefilmbegantwominutesago.Thefilm____________for________.⑦borrow→keeplose→nothavebuy→haveputonhaveacoldgettoknow→knowTheyborroweditlastweek.They__________________itsince____________________.Iboughtapentwohoursago.I__________________apenfor__________________.Igottoknowhimlastyear.I___________________himsince____________________.Iputonmyglassesthreeyearsago.I____________________myglassesfor__________________.⑧have/hasgoneto→havebeeninHehasgonetoBeijing.He_____________Beijingfortwodays.jointheleague/theParty/thearmybealeague/aPartymember/asoldierbeamemberoftheleague/thePartybeintheleague/theParty/thearmyHejoinedtheleaguein2002.He_________________a__________________fortwoyears.He__________________a_____________________the__________fortwoyears.He__________________________________theleaguefortwoyears.Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.

→wear catch/getacold →第10页共12页Mybrother____________________a___________for______________________.Mybrother______________________in_______________________fortwoyears.C）填空()2.Herfather______in1990andherhusband______formorethanfiveyears(A)died,dead(B)hasdied,dead(C)died,hasbeendead(D)hasdied,hasdied()3.Ihave_____thisnicewatchfortwoyears(A)had(B)bought(C)borrowed(D)lend()4.He_____hishomefortenyears(A)hasleft(B)leftfrom(C)hasbeenawayfrom(D)wasawayfrom()5.He_____aleaguememberforthreeyears(A)is(B)hasbeen(C)hasbecome(D)havebecome()6.Lihua'sbrotherhas_______fortwoyears(A)joinedthearmy(B)beenanarmy(C)becomeasoldier(D)beeninthearmy()7.Hehasn't_____Quanzhoueversinceheleftschool(A)left(B)beenaway(C)been(D)away[Exercises11]填空()1.——Haveyoufinishedyourhomework()2.——Haveyoufinishedyourhomework——Yes,I_______itlastnight——Not__________.(A)finish(B)finished(C)havefinished(A)ever(B)already(C)yet(D)just()2.——________youever_______toNanjing()3.Wehaven'tfinishedourhomework.——Yes,I______therelastyear.(A)already(B)ever(C)yet(D)never(A)Have⋯gone,havegone(B)Have⋯been,went()4.——Haveyou__________learnedEnglish?(C)Did⋯go,went(D)Did⋯go,has,been——Yes,I've________learnedalot.()3.——When_____you_____LucyinNewYork?(A)never,ever(B)ever,never(C)ever,——I_________herefortwoyearsalready(D)already.ever(A)did⋯meet,haven'tseen(B)did⋯meet,haven'tseen()5.——Haveyoufinishedyour(C)did⋯meet,don'tsee(D)would⋯meet,hadn'tseenhomework________?()4.when_youtoBeijing?——Yes,I've_____donethat()3.He______finishedhishomework.yet(A)yet,already(B)already,yet(A)doesn’t(B)haven’t(C)hasn’t(D)doesn’thave(C)ever,never(D)still,just()1.——Haveyou________traveledonthetrain.()6.John'sfather_______borrowedsomepictures——Yes,Ihave.(A)havealready(B)hasjust(A)never(B)ever(C)just(D)yet(C)haveever(D)hasyet[Exercises4]A）用since和for填空1)______twoyears2)_______twoyearsago3)_______lastmonth4)______19995)_______yesterday6)_______4o’clock7)______4hours8)_______anhourago9)_______wewerechildren10)_____lunchtime11)______shelefthere4B）用since和for填空HehaslivedinNanjing________theyearbeforelast.I’veknownhim__________wewerechildren.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese_________threeyears.Shehasbeenawayfromthecity___________abouttenyears.第11页共12页It’sabouttenyears__________sheleftthecity.()1.I'vebeenlikethiseversince_________(A)lastweek(B)foraweek(C)aweekbefore(D)thelastweek()2.Mymotherhasworkedinthisfactory_____2years.(A)about(B)for(C)in(D)since()3.Ihaven'theardfromhim______lastweek.(A)since(B)for(C)ago(D)before()4.Hisfatherjoinedtheparty_________(A)forthreeyears(B)sincethreeyearsago(C)threeyearsago(D)intwoyears'time51.–WhereisMr.Liu? ----- He_______thelibrary.A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.hasbeenin2.Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,________?A.sotheyB.don’ttheyC.havetheyD.haven’tthey3.IlikeHainan.I________therethreetimes.A.wentB.goC.havebeenD.havegone4.WecametoNanjingthreeyearsago,sowe________hereforthreeyears.5.-Howlong______you_______yourdictionary? -Abouttwomonths.A.did;buy B.have;get C.have;had D.have;bought6.Hetellsmehe________Chinaforoverfiveyears.A.hasbeen B.hasbeenin C.hasbeento D.hasgoneto7.________hasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehe_______toChina?A.Howsoon, comes B.Howoften,gotC.Howlong, came D.Howf