2024年北京八一学校高一（上）10月月考英语试题及答案

2024北京八一学校高一10月月考英语考试时间：90分钟试卷满分：分第一部分：知识运用（共两节，分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题分，共分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的、B、、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。LastyearIdecideddosomevoluntarywork.IbegantoresearchontheInternetanddiscoveredUSA.ThreemonthsI___1___myselfonaplanePhoenix,Arizona.Iwas___2___atthethoughtoflivingwithloadsofnewpeoplethreemonths.withinfifteenminutesofarriving,worrieshadgone.Everyonewassofriendlyandlike-mindedthatwaseasyfeelathome.IwassenttheCoronadoNationalForestformyfirst8-day___3___.hadcarryeverythingweneededandwalkthreemilestowhereweworked.Itmaynotseemlikea___4___butin35℃heatandwithaheavypack,legswereonfire.Myjobwas___5___astairwayoutofrock.This___6___climbingupanddownthesideofamountaininhabited()bymountainlions,althoughIshouldtheywereonlyheard,neverseen.Threedaysabeautifulstairwaycameintobeing.The___7___ofknowingthatworkwillbeonthatmountainsideforyearstocomeismassive.Butonthelastnightwewerecaughtathunderstorm.Iwokeupmidnightfindaswimmingpoolintent.temperaturewasclose___8___.Ihadspendtherestofthenighttremblingtheonlydrypartofmytent.NeedlessIalot.ButIknowwhateverIhavetofacemylife.IwasthereandI___9___.IthinkIammuch___10___havingtakenpartintheproject.1.A.imagined2.A.annoyed3.A.project4.A.niceB.foundB.surprisedB.tourC.enjoyedC.nervousC.campaignC.longD.introducedD.excitedD.courseD.quickB.safe5.A.buildB.testC.cleanD.guard6.A.helped7.A.satisfaction8.A.boiling9.A.recovered10.A.smarterB.meantB.ambitionB.averageB.resistedB.strongerC.allowedC.expectationC.normalC.escapedC.happierD.endedD.intentionD.freezingD.survivedD.busier第二节语法练习（共10小题；每小题分，共分）Part1请写出下列句子的句子基本类型以及划线部分的句子成分。Sentence1:Inrecentyears,researchersfromdiversefieldshaveagreedthatshort-termismisnowasignificantproblemour.Sentence2:Whatisalsoveryisthatstudentsinthesameclasscanhavedifferentclassschedules.Sentence1的句子基本类型________________12.Sentence1中划线部分的句子成分________________13.Sentence2的句子基本类型________________14.Sentence2中划线部分的句子成分________________Part2阅读下面短文，请根据短文内容填空，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。LastZhanggraduatedfromuniversityand___15___(get)ateacher’scertificate.Inspiredbyhisteachers,he___16___(apply)beavolunteerteacheravillageschool.Althoughtheschoolliveuphishopesandlifetherewaschallengingthanhe___17___(think),hefoundwaysdealwithchallenges.Henotonlyintroducedsubjectslikemusic,artandPEhelpstudents,butalsoorganizedthefirst-everschoolconcert.Nowstudents’schoollivesare___18___(attract)andtheschoolisfulloflaughterandmusic.Meanwhile,hebroughtmanychangestothevillage.Hecontactedcharity___19___aboutrebuildingtheschoolandhelpedthevillagersselllocalproductsonline.Althoughhehadonlyintendedstayforonehenow___20___(feel)readytostayforanother第二部分：阅读理解（共50分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的、B、、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该25小题；每小题2分，共50分）ALifestylesHyggehasbeenpopularintheUKforoveraItmeanstocreatearelaxedandcomfortablemood.Itcanbefeltbyrelaxingactivitieslikechattingwithfriends.Besides,hyggeisalsoaboutlearningtobehappywithsimplethings.Thisreallyresonated(共鸣)withme.IfeelstressedathomebecausemysmallflatispackedwithmuchIdecidetothrowthethingsthatholdmemories.Doingthiswouldhelpmefeelhygge.Lastlagom,aSwedishwordmeaning“justtherightamount”,becameLagomisaboutseekingabalanceofworkandlife.alsoaboutlivingmoresustainably(可持续地)bysavingmorecreatinglesswasteandrecyclingmore.NextIhavetoreplacethingssooften.Plus,Ikeepthinkingaboutrecyclingandhopingsaveasmuchmoneyaspossible.So,Icangetonboardwithlagom.ComingfromJapan,wabisabiisaboutfindingbeautyinimperfection.referstothefailingsintheproductionprocess,whichmakesanobjectspecial.Sabidescribesthebeautythatcomeswithage.Thetraditionofwabisabicananewviewourhomes.IamaperfectionistandIkeephomeButgirlsputtheirtoyseverywhere.So,Ihavetothemessandaccepttheimperfections.IntheJapaneseconcept,ikigaimeans“areasonforbeing”,whichcanbringsatisfactionandmeaningtolife.Manypeoplebelieveikigaicanbefoundatwhatyougoodatandwhatyoulovedoing.Forme,itisblogging.ThisyearIcandomorewritingtasksthatinterestme.ifInoticethethingsthatbringmenoIcanstayawayfromtheminthefuture.thiswillhelpmetoleadamoremeaningfullife.21.Ifapersonwantstoenjoyasimplebuthappylife,whichlifestylesuitable?A.Hygge.B.Lagom.C.sabi.D.Ikigai.22.livealifestyleofwabisabi,onehasto________.A.findbeautyinhisorherimperfectlifeB.achieveabalancebetweenworkandlifeC.behappyandfindoutthemeaningoflifeD.throwawaytheuselessandliveasimplelife23.Thispassageismostlikelytobereada________.A.researchreportB.travelblogC.productadvertisementD.popularmagazineBSurferDudestotheRescue!About50feetfromshoreoftheNorthernStateBeach,twobrotherswerefightingfortheirlives.Theyhadbeensweptouttoseainacurrent(激流),theirmouthsbarelyabletostayabovetheThickmadeitforbeachgoersseeguys,butthescreamswereunmistakable.everysecondcounted.brothers,agesand20,werewearingshortsandunsuitableforaNovemberletalonethefreezingKevenasupervisingranger(巡查员),toldtheNorthCoastJournalinnearbyEurekathatswimminginsuchatemperature“takesthefightrightoutofyou.”foursurfersinsuitswereNarayanSpenserStratton,Adrianall16,alongwithOrtiz-Beck,15,wereontheirsurfboardsridingupanddownthecoastonfive-footwaveswhentheyheardthecries.Theyturnedandsawtwobobbingheadsandfourstrugglingarms.lookedeachotherandknewtheseguyswereabouttodrown,”toldthePost.Stratton,andOrtiz-BeckpaddledtowardthedistressedswimmerswhileheadedtoshoretowarnsomeonetocallHethendivedbackintohelphisfriends.Asthesurfersdrewclose,thebrotherswerestillfightinghardfortheirlives.“Itwasprettystressful,buttheretimetothinkaboutit,andthathelpedmekeepcool,”Ortiz-Becksays.Ortiz-BeckpulledupalongsidetheyoungerGrabbinghimunderhisarms,heraisedhimupontohisboard.Strattonandmeanwhile,hurriedtohelptheolderHewas250to300pounds,andhewaspanicked.“Itoldthem,‘Calmdown—wegotyou!’”says“Theythoughttheyweregoingtodie.”arrivedtimehelpgettheolderbrotheratopthesecondboard.Thesurfersthenpaddledseveralminutesthroughchoppywaterthemedicalhelpwaitingonshore.brothersscaredbutfine.“Whenwegetacalllikethisone,usuallytoolatebythetimewegetthere,”saysDillonafirst“Ienoughaboutwhattheseboysdid.Theywerewillingandpreparedtorisktheirlives.”24.Whatcanknowfromthefirstparagraph?A.brotherswerealmostdrownedinthesea.B.Beachgoershappenedmeetthetwobrothers.C.supervisingrangerwarnedthemswimthen.D.Surfersbarelyandshortsinsuch25.Whatwerethefourboysdoingwhentheyheardscreams?A.Swimminginacurrent.B.Surfingonhighwaves.C.Strugglingwiththeirarmstoshore.26.Intherescue,______.D.Practisingdivingthesea.A.AndriandivedbacktocallthepoliceB.KevenHarderplayedthemostimportantroleC.NarayantriedcalmdownthebrothersD.Ortiz-Becksavedtheandpanickedbrother27.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribethefoursurfers?A.HardworkingandC.Devotedandtalented.B.Kindandhumorous.D.Braveanddetermined.CAsyoucraftyourresolutionsfor2025,consideraddingonetoexperiencemorePsychologistMihályCsíkszentmihályihascalledflowas“thesecrettohappiness.”Flowisastateofpositiveexperiencethateachofuscanincorporateintooureverydaylives,onecharacterizedbygreatjoythatmakesalifeworthliving.Whenpeoplefeeltheyareinastateofintenseconcentration.Theirthoughtsfocusedonanexperienceratherthanonthemselves.Theyloseasenseoftimeandfeelasiftheiractionsandawarenessbecomeone.Flowoccurswhenboththechallengeandskilllevelarehigh.Peoplewillnotfeelflowwhentheyaredoingthedishes.researchinthe1970sfocusedpeopledoingtaskstheyenjoyed.Hestudiedswimmers,musiccomposers,dancers,mountainclimbersandotherathletes.Hefoundoutthatsolongasthatchallengeishigh,andareyourskills,youshouldbeableachieveWhyisflow“thesecrettohappiness”?Foronething,theexperiencecanhelppeoplepursuetheirlong-termgoals.Researchshowsthattakingabreaktofeelflowcanenhanceself-control,goalpursuitandwell-being.Arecentstudyalsoshowsthatflowhelpspeoplestayresilient(有适应力的)inthefaceofPartofthisisbecauseflowcanhelprefocusthoughtsawayfromsomethingstressfulsomethingenjoyable.Infact,studieshaveshownthatexperiencingflowcanhelpguardagainstdepressionandburnout.Whatisgoingoninbrainduringflow?Studiesshowthattheexperienceisassociatedwithincreasingactivationinbrainstructuresrelatedtofeelingreward.ThismaybeonereasonwhyflowfeelsenjoyableandwhypeoplesofocusedontasksthatmakethemfeelResearchalsoshowsthatflowisassociatedwithdampenedactivitybrainstructuresrelatedtoself-focusandnegativethoughts.Thismayhelpexplainwhyfeelingflowcanhelpdistract(转移)peoplefromtheabove-mentionedstudieswerecorrelational,notcausal.Furtherstudyofthisconnectionisvital.28.Accordingtothepassage,flowismostlikelytooccurwhensomeoneis______.A.playingchessagainstatoughopponentC.doingdailychoresforhisfamilymembersB.attendingaconcertofhisfavoritesingerD.sharinghistravelingexperiencewithfriends29.Flowiscalled“thesecrethappiness”partlybecauseitcanhelp______.A.turndemandingtasksintoeasieronesB.distractpeoplefromnegativethoughtsC.remindpeopletotakenecessarybreaksD.breaklong-termgoalsshorterones30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dampened”inParagraph4mostprobablymean?A.Planned.B.Imbalanced.C.Reduced.D.Activated.31.Whichwouldbethebesttitlethepassage?A.Whendoesthestateof“flow”occur?B.Whathappensinourbrainduring“flow”?D.Howcan“flow”beachievedineverydaylife?C.Whydoesexperiencing“flow”feelgood?DIgetthatparentsworryaboutscreentime.Butspeakingasaresearcherstudyingtheeffectsofscreen-basedexperiences,screenscanbeagreattoolforreading.Digitalbooksgivechildrenuniqueopportunitiestolearnandimproveskillsthroughliteracyapps.thatend,Iamofmanyresearchersinthisfieldbelievethatdigitalreadingshouldnotbeconsideredscreeninthetraditionalsense.thenumberofeducationaltechnologicalproductsthatlackresearchandgooddesign,themillion-dollarquestionis:Whatmakesadigitalstorygoodforlearning?Overthepast20years,researchershaveidentifiedspecificdesignfeaturesandreadingsituationsthatmakedigitalbooksmoreeducationalthanothers.First,crucialthatdigitalbookshigh-qualitypersonalizedreadingexperiences.booksthathaveAI-basedtextgeneratorsandamoreopen-endeddesign,childrenbecomemultimediacreators,co-writersandco-illustratorsoftheirownstoryuniverse.Second,digitalbookscansignificantlyenhancetheparent-childreadingexperience.questionsembedded(嵌入的)indigitalbooksshouldmodelandexpandwhatparentmightask,andthroughthismodeling,enhancethequalityofparents’talkaroundthebook.ButasmuchIsupportdigitalreading,thecommercialturninthedevelopmentofedtechworriesme,particularlyrelationtoprofit-drivendesignandmisuseofdata.Likesomesocialmedia,subscriptionlibrariesturnkids’attentionintoacommodity(商品)throughautomaticbookrecommendations.Thesebooksoftentiedtoadvertisingclicksandexhibitlowliteraryqualitytheirstories.Furthermore,oftennocontentoversight,allowinganyonebecomeawhichcanleadtothecreationofbiasedordata-gatheringmaterialstargetingchildren.GenerativeAIhasexpandedcontentcreationpossibilitiesbutalsoraisedconcernsaboutthisregard,digitalbooks,likealledtech,needstrictqualitychecksandimprovedcollaborationbetweenresearchersanddevelopers.thedigitalreadingformathasopenedanexcitingnewresearchThisincludesusingreal-timedatathatteachersandotherprofessionalscanusetoindividualizehowchildrenlearntoread.AIcanbeagoodpartnersupportingadults’choiceoftexts,promptsandreadingactivitiesforchildren,provideditistrainedwithdiversedataandvalidreadingmodels.Asresearchers’callsforevidence-basedtecharebeingheardbygovernmentsandfunders,Ihopethepasttwodecadesofe-bookresearchcandelivertheadvantagesofdigitalbookstoallchildren.Likeornot,Ihopeyou’llseethat,atleastforreading,screenscanbeanamazingtooltoteachyourchildtoread.32.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardscountingdigitalreadingasscreentime?A.Supportive.B.Neutral.C.Cautious.D.Disapproving.33.Accordingtothepassage,digitalbookscontributeto______.A.moreopen-endedquestionsB.qualityparent-childinteractionD.changesinkids’readinghabitsC.personalizeddesignfeatures34.Whataremajorthreatstodigitalreading?A.Profit-drivendesignanddatamisuse.C.greatnumberofadvertisements.35.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.highlighttherisksofscreentime.C.anotherviewdigitalreading.B.strictchecksonthecontent.D.Lowliteraryqualitybuthighprices.B.introducesomeadvancesinedtech.D.presentthebenefitsofreadingonline.ELastyearscientistsreportedusinganeuralimplant(神经植入物)inabraintorestorehisabilitycommunicate.Themanhasbeenpartiallyparalyzedandunabletoproducecomprehensiblespeechsinceaseverestroke.Itisthelatestadvanceintheexplodingfieldofbrain-computerinterfaces(接口),orBCIs,whichallowcomputerstoreadinformationoutofalivingbrain.Brain-computerinterfacesarepossiblebecauseoftwofacts.Thefirstisthatyourbraincontainshundredsoftinymaps.representsspecificfeaturesofyourphysicalfeelingsandintendedactions.thebasicsetofbrainmapsandtheirlocationswithinthebrainareverysimilaracrossindividuals.Thankstotheirspecializedfunctionsanduniversallocations,brainmapsareidealentrypointsBCItechnologies.PickingupsignalsfromabrainmapisonlythefirststepinmakingausefulBCI.Althoughthelocationofabrainmapissameacrossindividuals,thedetails—whatpatternsofactivitywithinthemapmean—frompersonperson.asense,theuniquefeaturesofyourspecificbrainmapsserveasakindofencryption加密),safeguardingyourspecificthoughtsandfeelingsfromwould-bespies.ThatbringsustothesecondfactthatmakesBCIspossible.Thankstoadvancesinmachinelearning,scientistshavedevelopedprogramsthatcanlearnrecognizekeypatternsinavastseaofnumbers.Theytraintheseprogramstodecode(解码)brainsignalsbyfeedingthemtonsofexamples.ResearchersdevelopingBCIsoftencreatesuchexamplesbyinstructinganindividualthinkspecificthoughtsatspecifictimes,creatinganeuralcurriculumfortheprogramlearnfrom.WhiletheuniversalfeaturesandlocationsofbrainmapsmakethemobviousentrancesforBCIs,theuniquefeaturesofyourbrainmapstendprotectthemfromspyingeyes.IncaseswhereBCIshavesuccessfullyreadspecificthoughtsorintentionsfromabrain,ithasbeenwiththepermissionoftheindividualwhosebrainwasbeingread.Buttherearesurreptitiouswaystraindecodersyourbrainwithoutyourknowledge.Thiscanhappenifyourneuraldatafallsintothehandsofcompanieswithdetailedinformationaboutyouractivities.Likealltechnologies,brain-computerinterfacesarenotnecessarilygoodorbad.whileharvestingthebenefitsofBCIs,weneedtoensurethatwehavethemeanstoprotectourselvesfromcorporationswitheverymotivetotakeadvantageofthistechnologyfortheirfinancialgain.36.Whatcanlearnaboutbrainmaps?A.Theycarryuniquemessages.B.Theycanprocessencryptedsignals.C.Theirfunctionsvaryfrompersonperson.D.Theirlocationsrevealhumanthinkingpatterns.37.Whatcaninferfromthepassage?A.BCIscanboostbrainsignalsB.BCIscouldhelprecoverfrombraininjuries.C.MachinelearningenablesBCIsreadmind.D.ThedecodingofbrainmaybebyBCIs.38.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“surreptitious”inParagraph5probablymean?A.Secure.B.Stable.D.Secret.C.Standard.39.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.ThefuturetrendofBCIs.C.workingprincipleofBCIs.B.potentialrisksofBCIs.D.ThegeneralapplicationsofBCIs.FMarkhasbeencalledtheinventoroftheAmericannovel.hesurelydeservesadditionalpraise:themanwhopopularizedcleverliteraryattackonracism(种族主义).Isaycleverbecauseanti-slaveryfictionhadbeentheimportantpartoftheliteratureintheyearsbeforetheCivilH.B.UncleCabinonlythemostfamousexample.Theseearlystoriesdealtdirectlywithminorexceptions,plantedhisattacksonslaveryandprejudice(偏见)intotalesthatwereonthesurfaceaboutsomethingelseHedrewhisreadersintotheargumentbydrawingthemintotheAgainandagain,thepostwaryears,seemedforcedtodealwiththechallengeofrace.Considerthemostcontroversial,leastofnovels,ofHuckleberryFinn.OnlyabookshavebeenkickedtheshelvesasoftenasHuckleberryFinn,mostwidelyreadtale.Onceuponatime,peoplehatedthebookbecauseitstruckthemasrude.himselfwrotethatthosewhobannedthebookconsideredthenovel“trashandsuitableonlyfortheslums(贫民窟).”MorerecentlythebookhasbeenattackedbecauseofthecharacterJim,theescapedslave,andmanyoccurrencesoftheword(ThetermNiggerJim,forwhichthenovelisoftenseverelycriticized,neverappearsit.)Buttheattackswereandaresilly—andmissthepoint.novelisstronglysearchthroughtheslavestatesforthefamilyfromwhomhehasbeenforciblypartedheroic.AsJ.Chadwickhaspointedout,thecharacterofJimwasafirstinAmericanfiction—arecognitionthattheslavehadtwopersonalities,“thevoiceofsurvivalwithinawhiteslavecultureandvoiceoftheindividual:Jim,thefatherandtheman.”Thereismuchmore.mysterynovelPudd’nheadstoodasachallengetotheracialbeliefsofevenmanyoftheliberalsofhisatatimewhentheacceptedwisdomheldNegroestobeinferior(低等的)towhites,especiallyintelligence,talecenteredpartaroundtwobabiesswitchedatbirth.Aslavegavebirthtoherbabyand,fearthatthechildshouldbesoldSouth,switchedhimthebabybyhiswife.Thelight-skinnedchildwastakenbewhiteandgrewupwithboththeattitudesandtheeducationoftheslave-holdingclass.Thebabywastakenforblackandgrewupwiththeattitudesandintonationsoftheslave.Thepointwasdifficulttonurture(),notnature,wasthekeysocialstatus.Thefeaturesoftheblackmanthatprovidedtheofprejudice—mannerofspeech,example—were,toindicativeofnothingotherthanconditioningthatslaveryforcedonitsvictims.racialtonewasnotperfect.isleftexample,bythelengthypassageinhisautobiography(自传)abouthowmuchhelovedwhatwerecalled“niggershows”hisyouth—mostlywithwhitemenperforminginblack-face—andhisdelightgettinghismothertolaughthem.thereisnoreasonthinksawtheshowsasrepresentingHisfrequentattacksonslaveryprejudicesuggesthiskeenawarenessthattheydidnot.aracist?Askingthequestionthe21stcenturyisaswiseasaskingthesameofLincoln.Ifwereadthewordsandattitudesofthepastthroughthe“wisdom”oftheconsideredmoraljudgmentsofthepresent,wewillfindnothingbutLincoln,believedtheblackmantheinferiorofthewhite,foughtandwonawartofreehim.raisedaslavestate,brieflyaandinventorofJim,havedonemoretoangerthenationoverracialinjusticeandawakenitscollectiveconsciencethananyothernovelistinthepast40.HowdonovelsonslaveryfromA.themesseemedagreewithplots.B.attackonracismwasmuchlessopen.C.wasopenlyconcernedwithracism.D.wasmorewillingtodealwithracism.41.RecentcriticismofofHuckleberryFinnarosepartlyits________.A.readersatthebottomC.ratherimpolitelanguageB.anti-slaveryattitudeD.frequentuseof“nigger”42.Whatbestprovesanti-slaverystandaccordingtotheauthor?A.ThevoicewasfirstheardinAmericannovels.B.searchforhisfamilywasdescribeddetail.C.Jimgrewintoaandafatherwhiteculture.D.suspectedthattheslaveswerelessintelligent.43.Thestoryoftwobabiesswitchedmainlyindicatesthat________.A.blacks’socialpositionwasshapedbyhowtheybroughtupB.slaveswereforcedgiveuptheirbabiestotheirmastersC.slaves’babiescouldpickupslave-holders’wayofspeakingD.blackswerebornwithcertainfeaturesofprejudice44.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph7referto?A.Theattacks.B.SlaveryandprejudiceC.Whitemen.D.Theshows.45.WhydoestheauthorcompareLincolnthepassage?A.highlighttheirsimilarpersonalbackgrounds.B.showthatbothhadimperfectviewsonracebytoday'sstandards.C.illustratehowbothwerepraisedfortheircontributionstoliterature.D.demonstratethatbothhadcontroversialpubliclives.第三部分：书面表达（共20分）5小题，每小题4分，共20分）46.Jim在学校里总是专心听讲，积极思考，有空就做作业。(attentive)汉译英)________________________________________________________________47.购物前，能够比较不同网店的质量和价格，非常方便。(convenient)汉译英)________________________________________________________________48.离开的想法曾在脑海中闪过，但是他很快就放弃了这个念头，并且找到了应对挑战的办法。(flashthrough)(汉译英)________________________________________________________________49.我们班已经为运动会准备了大量的水和巧克力。(prepare)(汉译英)________________________________________________________________50.Jim觉得很激动，因为这个学校和他以前的学校在很多方面不一样。(汉译英)________________________________________________________________参考答案第一部分：知识运用（共两节，分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题分，共分）【答案】1.B2.C3.A4.C5.A6.B7.AD9.D10.B【解析】【导语】本文为一篇夹叙夹议文，叙述了作者进行志愿者活动的经历和感受。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：三个月后，我发现自己坐上了飞往亚利桑那州凤凰城的飞机。A.imagined想象；B.found发现；C.enjoyed享受；D.introduced介绍。根据下文“onaplanetoPhoenix,Arizona”以及语境可知，在发现USA之后三个月，作者就动身了，即，“发现”自己在飞往目的地的飞机上。故选B项。【2题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一想到要和一群陌生人一起生活三个月，我就很紧张。A.annoyed烦恼的；B.surprised惊讶的；C.nervous紧张的；D.excited激动的。根据下文“livingwithloadsofnewpeoplethreemonths”以及“myworrieshadgone”可知，作者知道要和许多陌生人一起度过三个月时，内心很“紧张”。故选C项。【3题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我被派往科罗纳多国家森林进行我的第一个为期8天的项目。A.project项目；B.tour旅行；C.campaign运动；D.course课程。根据下文“hadcarryeverythingweneededandwalkthreemilestowhereweworked.”可知，作者被派往科罗纳多国家森林进行第一个为期8天的“项目”。故选A项。【4题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这似乎不是一段很长的路，但在35摄氏度的高温下，再加上沉重的背包，我的腿像是着火了。A.nice美好的；B.safe安全的；C.long长的；D.quick快的。根据上文“threemiles”可知，三英里的步行距离并不是很“长的”。故选C项。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的工作是用岩石建一个阶梯。A.build建造；B.test测试；C.clean清洁；D.guard保卫。根据下文“climbingupanddownthesideofamountain”可知，作者在狮子栖息地“建造”一个阶梯供狮子攀爬。故选A项。【6题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这意味着要在山狮居住的山坡上爬上爬下，尽管我应该说，我只听说过这些狮子，却从没有看到它们。A.helped帮助；B.meant意味着；allowed允许；D.ended结束。根据前一句“Myjobwasto5astairwayoutofrock”可知，本句是对前一句工作内容的解释和补充：这“意味着”要在山狮居住的山坡上爬上爬下。故选B项。【7题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：知道我的作品将在那片山上出现多年，我感到非常满足。A.satisfaction满足；B.ambition野心；C.expectation期待；D.intention意图。根据上文“Threedaysabeautifulstairwaycameintobeing.”以及下文“myworkwillbeonthatmountainsideforyearstocome”可知，作者知道自己建造的石梯会在山上存在很久，内心十分“满足”。故选A项。【8题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：温度接近冰点。A.boiling沸腾的；B.average平均的；C.normal正常的；D.freezing极冷的。根据下文“trembling”可知，温度是“极冷的”，作者冷到颤抖。故选D项。【9题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我知道，无论在生命中将要面对什么，我都在那里，我挺过来了。A.recovered恢复；B.resisted抵抗；C.escaped逃离；D.survived继续存活。根据上文“Iwasthere”以及语境可知，无论面对什么，作者都在那里并且“存活”下来了。故选D项。【10题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我认为参加了这个项目后，我变得更坚强了。A.smarter更聪明的；B.stronger更坚强的；C.happier更开心的；D.busier更忙碌的。根据“ButIknowwhateverIhavetofaceinlife.IwasthereandI9.”以及语境可知，在志愿者经历后，作者变得“更坚强”了。故选B项。第二节语法练习（共10小题；每小题分，共分）Part1【答案】主谓宾12.状语13.14.【解析】【题详解】考查句子成分。句意：近年来，来自不同领域的研究人员一致认为，短期主义现在是我们社会中的一个重大问题。分析句子可知，本句中researchersfromdiversefields(来自不同领域的研究人员)，为主语；haveagreed(已一致认为)，为谓语；thatshort-termismisnowasignificantprobleminoursociety(短期主义现在是我们社会的一个严重问题)，为宾语从句作宾语。故填：主谓宾。【12题详解】考查句子成分。句意：近年来，来自不同领域的研究人员一致认为，短期主义现在是我们社会中的一个重大问题。分析句子可知，inoursociety(在我们的社会中)，为介词短语作状语。故填：状语。【13题详解】考查句子成分。句意：同样非常不同的是，同一班的学生可以有不同的上课时间表。分析句子可知，Whatisalsoverydifferent(同样非常不同的)，为主语从句作主语；is(是)，为系动词；thatstudentsinthesameclasscanhavedifferentclassschedules(同一班的学生可以有不同的上课时间表)，为表语从句作表语。故填：主系表。【14题详解】考查句子成分。句意：同样非常不同的是，同一班的学生可以有不同的上课时间表。分析句子可知，inthesameclass(在同一班的)，为介词短语作定语，修饰前面名词students。故填：定语。Part2【答案】15.got16.applied17.hadanizations20.feels【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了张天成为村校志愿者教师后的贡献与感受。【15题详解】考查时态。句意：去年，张天从大学毕业并且获得了教师资格证。空处为句子的并列谓语动词。根据时间状语Lastyear可知，句子为一般过去时态。故填got。【16题详解】考查时态。句意：受到老师们的启发，他申请成为乡村学校的一名志愿教师。空处为句子的谓语动词。根据上下文语境可知，本句话为陈述过去事实，所以用一般过去时态。故填applied。【17题详解】考查时态。句意：虽然学校没有达到他的期望，并且那里的生活比他想象的更具挑战性，但他找到了应对挑战的方法。空处为比较状语从句的谓语动词。根据空前的was可知，该动作发生在主句动作之前，主句为一般过去时态，所以从句用过去完成时态，表示过去的过去。故填hadthought。【18题详解】考查形容词的比较级。句意：现在学生们的校园生活更有吸引力，学校里充满了笑声和音乐。空处需要形容词作表语。attract的形容词为attractive“有吸引力的”，此处表示比以前的校园生活更有吸引力，所以需要用形容词的比较级。故填moreattractive。【19题详解】考查名词。句意：他联系慈善组织重建学校，并帮助村民们在线销售当地产品。空处需要名词organization“组织”，构成短语“charityorganizations”，意为“慈善组织”，在句中作宾语。表示多个慈善组织，用复数形式。故填organizations。【20题详解】考查时态。句意：虽然他最初只打算待一年，但他现在觉得准备再待一年。空为句子的谓语动词。根据now可知，本句话为一般现在时态，主语为第三人称单数形式。故填feels。第二部分：阅读理解（共50分）【答案】21.A22.AD【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四种新的生活方式。【21题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段第四句“Besides,hyggeisalsoaboutlearningtobehappywithsimplethings.(此外，hygge也是关于学会对简单的事情感到快乐的生活方式)”可推知，如果一个人想要享受简单而快乐的生活，Hygge这种生活方式会适合他。故选A。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“ComingfromJapan,wabisabiisaboutfindingbeautyimperfection.(来自日本的wabisabi，致力于在不完美中寻找美)”可知，wabisabi这种生活方式需要在不完美的生活中发现美。故选A。【23题详解】推理判断题。文章主要介绍了四种不同的生活方式，根据标题“NewLifestyles(迎接新的生活方式)”可知，这篇文章最有可能出现在流行杂志上。故选D。【答案】24.A25.B26.C27.D【解析】【分析】本文为记叙文。本文讲述了四名正在冲浪的青少年在紧要关头冒险救人的故事。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段对兄弟俩的状态描述“Theyhadbeensweptouttoseaaripcurrent(激流),theirmouthsbarelyablestayabovetheThickfogmadeitforbeachgoerstotheguys,butthescreamswereunmistakable.Andeverysecondcounted.(他们被一股激流卷到了海里，他们的嘴几乎无法露出水面。浓雾让海滩上的游客很难看到他们，但尖叫声是明显的。千钧一发。)”以及巡查员的话“swimmingsuchatemperature“takesthefightrightoutofyou.”(在这样的温度下游泳会“让你丧失斗志”)”可知，两兄弟情况危急，差点淹死在海里。故选A。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“NarayanSpenserStratton,Adrianall16,alongwithOrtiz-Beck,15,wereontheirsurfboardsridingupanddownthecoastonfive-footwaveswhentheyheardthecries.”(听到呼喊声时，16岁的Narayan、spencerStratton和Adrian15岁的ortizi–beck正在5英尺高的海浪上冲浪)可知，他们正在冲浪，故选B。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段“Itoldthem,‘Calmdown—wegotyou!’”says“Theythoughttheygoingtodie.”(“我告诉他们，冷静点，我们来救你们了!”说。“他们以为自己要死了。”)”可知，Narayan试图让兄弟俩镇定下来，故选。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Stratton,andOrtiz-BeckpaddledtowardthedistressedswimmerswhileheadedshoretowarnsomeonecallHethendivedbacktohelphisfriends.(Stratton和Ortiz-Beck划着桨向受困的游泳者走去，则前往岸边告知有人拨打。然后他又跳回去帮助他的朋友们)”和第四段“Itwasprettystressful,butthereanytimetothinkaboutit,andthathelpedmekeepcool,”Ortiz-Becksays.(Ortiz-Beck:“压力很大，但我没有时间去想，