【高三暑假自学课】第07讲 名词性从句和定语从句 原卷版

2023年新高三英语【暑假自学课】（课标全国卷）第07讲名词性从句和定语从句原卷版1.掌握名词性从句连接词的基本用法。2.掌握名词性从句时态照应的基本用法。3.掌握定语从句关系代词的基本用法。4.掌握定语从句关系副词的基本用法。一、名词性从句名词性从句是一种具有名词功能的非独立分句。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。引导名词性从句的引导词有：1)连接代词:what(ever),who(ever)，whom(ever),which(ever)，whose。作主语、宾语表语、定语。2)连接副词:when，where,how,why。作状语、表语。3)从属连词:that，whether，if不作成分。（一）that引导的名词性从句1.引导主语从句1)Itis/was+形容词/名词/过去分词+that从句。Itiscertainthatourteamwillwinthegame.我们队一定会赢得比赛。Itisnowonderthatourteamwonthegame.我们队赢了那场比赛并不足为奇2)It+不及物动词+that从句。Itneveroccurredtomethatyoucouldsucceedinpersuadinghimtochangehismind.我没想到你能成功说服他改变主意。2.引导宾语从句1)放在及物动词、形容词或介词之后引导宾语从句。Itrulybelievethatbeautycomesfromwithin.我真的相信美来自内心。Iamafraidthatyou'remistaken.恐怕你弄错了。Heisagoodstudentexceptthatheisalittlebitcareless.他是个好学生，就是有点儿粗心。2)及物动词+it+宾补+that从句。Hehasmadeitclearthathewillnotgivein.他已经明确表示他是不会屈服的。3.放在系动词之后引导表语从句。Mydecisionisthatwe'retostartat6:00amtomorrow.我的决定是我们明天早上6点出发。4.放在抽象名词之后并对其进行解释说明，引导同位语从句。Thenewsthatwewonthegameisinspiring.我们赢得比赛的消息鼓舞人心。（二）连接代词引导的名词性从句1.what相当于thething(s)that.….,意为“……的东西”。What(=Thethingthat)theyneedisagoodtextbook.他们需要的是一本好课本。2.whatever相当于anythingthat…,意为…的任何东西”。Youcantakewhatever(=anythingthat)youlike.你可以拿走你喜欢的任何东西3.whichever相当于anymemberofagroupofpeopleorthingsthat.…,意为“(在某范围之内)……的任何人或物”。Whicheverbookheboughtwouldbepaidfor.(这些书中)无论他买哪一本书都要付款Itdoesn’tmatterwhicheveryouchoose.你选择哪一个对我来说都无所谓。4.whoever相当于anyonewho,意为“……的任何人”。Thegoldmedalwillbeawardedtowhoever(=anyonewho)winsfirstplaceinthebicyclerace.金牌将会奖给任何在自行车比赛中获得第一名的人。（三）连接副词when，where，how，why引导的名词性从句1.宾语从句:Youcan'timaginehowclosewearetosuccess.你无法想象我们离成功有多近。2.主语从句:Whyhe'softenabsentfromclassisamystery.他为什么总是缺课是个谜。3.表语从句:Ihadacold.That'swhyIdidn’tattendschool.我感冒了,因此我没上学。温馨提醒：why引导的表语从句强调结果；because引导的表语从句强调原因。Ididn'tattendschool.That'sbecauseIhadacold.我没上学，那是因为我感冒了。4.同位语从句:MyquestionhowIshallgetintouchwithhimhasnotbeenanswered.我如何能和他取得联系的问题还没有得到答复。（四）whether/if(是否)引导的名词性从句1．引导主语从句1)放在句首引导主语从句，用whether。Whetherthemeetingwillbeheldisstillaproblem.是否要开会仍然是个问题。2)与表示选择的or...连用,用whether。Itmakesnodifferencewhetherhestaysorleaves.他是留下还是离开无关紧要。3)与ornot直接连用,用whetherItmakesnodifferencewhetherornothecomes.他是否来无关紧要。4)与ornot不直接连用,用whether或if。Itmakesnodifferencewhether/ifhecomesornot,他是否来无关紧要。2．引导宾语从句1)作介词的宾语，只用whether。Itdependsonwhetheryoucandotheworkwell.那取决于你是否能做好这项工作。2)后接不定式时，只用whether。Idon'tknowwhethertogothere.我不知道(我)是否去那里。3)当宾语从句为否定句时，只用if不用whether。Idon'tcareifhedoesn’tcome我不在乎他是否来。4)当宾语从句中不含or/ornot，或与ornot不直接连用时，则if或whether均可使用。Hedidn'ttellmeif/whetherhewouldcome.他没告诉我他是否来。Idon'tcarewhether/ifhecomesornot.我不在乎他是否来。3．引导表语从句、同位语从句只用whether,不用if。Theproblemiswhetherthemeetingwillbeheld.问题是这个会议是否将要举行。Ihavenoideawhetherthemeetingwillbeheld.我不知道会议是否会举行。（五）that引导定语从句与that引导同位语从句的区别1．that引导定语从句,that可以省略。Thenews(that)weheardwasnottrue.我们听到的那则消息不是真的。2．that引导同位语从句，that不作成分，不能省略。Thenewscamearoundtwointheafternoonthatthemeetingwouldbepostponed.会议要被推迟的消息在下午两点左右传来。（六）that，what引导名词性从句的区别1．that不可省略(宾语从句除外)，在从句中不作成分，没有意义。Thathewillsucceedisobvious.显然，他会成功。2．what不可省略，在从句中作成分，有词义(一般指……的东西/事情/人等)。Whatshetoldmeisnottrue她所告诉我的都不是真的。（七）doubt后的名词性从句1．在否定句式中,用that引导。Thereisnodoubtthatwellwin.毫无疑问，我们会赢。Idon'tdoubtthatyouarehonest.我不怀疑你的诚实。2．在肯定句式中，doubt用作动词时,用whether/if引导;doubt用作名词时，用whether引导。Idoubtwhether/ifitistrue.我怀疑它是否真实。Thereisstillsomedoubtwhetherhewillcome他是否会来仍然有点疑问。二、定语从句在主从复合句中,修饰、限制名词、代词甚至句子的从句叫定语从句。（一）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别1．限制性定语从句:对先行词起修饰、限制作用，是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意义就会不完整、不明确或失去意义;书写时不用逗号与主句隔开。引导限制性定语从句的关系词有:that，which,who,whom,whose,as,when,where,why。.Hehastwosonswhoworkinthesamecompany.(Perhapshehasmorethantwosons.)他有在同一家公司工作的两个儿子。2．非限制性定语从句:对先行词起补充说明作用;先行词与定语从句往往由逗号隔开;非限制性定语从句相当于并列分句、状语从句等。引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有:whichwho,whom,whose,as,when,where。注意that和why不引导非限制性定语从句。Hehastwosons,whoworkinthesamecompany(=Hehastwosons,andtheyworkinthesamecompany.)他有两个儿子,他们在同一家公司上班。Thedoctor,whoisquiteold,worksveryhard.(=Althoughthedoctorisquiteold,heworksveryhard.)虽然这位医生年龄很大了，但他工作很努力。（二）关系代词引导的定语从句1．which指代物或句子，在从句中充当主语或宾语。ThisistheEnglishbookwhichIboughtyesterday.这就是我昨天买的那本英语书。Hepassedthedrivingtest,whichmadehimveryexcited.他通过了驾照考试,这使他很兴奋。2．that指代人或物，在从句中充当主语或宾语。Finallyhereachedalonelyislandthatwascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.最终他到达了一个与外界完全隔绝的孤岛。3．who指代人,在从句中充当主语或宾语;whom指代人,在从句中只充当宾语。Sheisthegirlwholivesnextdoor.她就是住在隔壁的那个女孩。Imettheprofessor(who/whom)Igottoknowataparty.我遇见了那位我在一次聚会上认识的教授。温馨提醒：1.that不引导非限制性定语从句;2.在限制性定语从句中，关系代词作动词宾语时可以省略，在非限制性定语从句中不可省略。4．whose指代人或物，在从句中充当定语。Acompanywhoseprofitsfromthehomemarkeraredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.在国内市场利润下降的公司可以在国外谋求机会。Iliveintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth我住在那个窗户朝南的房间里。5．as引导的定语从句1)用于限制性定语从句中，先行词指人或物且在限制性定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。常用句型:①such(+名词)+as….(像……一样的，像……之类的);②thesame+名词+as….(和……一样的)。Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。(as作主语)Ihavethesamebookashehas.我有和他一样的书。(as作宾语)2)用于非限制性定语从句中,先行词为整个主句或主句中的一部分，意为“正如……,像……”Asisoftenthecase,thefactthatthingsarecheapdoesn’tnecessarilymeantheyareoflowquality.像往常常有的情况一样,便宜的东西未必就意味着它们质量差。（三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句1．“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时，关系代词常用which(指物)或whom(指人)，即“介词+which/whom”，且which或whom不能省略。Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson,towhomshecouldturnforhelp.在黑暗的街道上,没有一个她可以求助的人。HehasthreeEnglishtextbooks,allofwhicharelost.他有三本英语课本,都丢了。2．“复合介词短语+关系代词which”引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开。Helivedinabighouse,infrontofwhichstoodabigtalltree.他住在一所大房子里，房子前面有一棵又大又高的树。Hehadabadcold,asaresultofwhichhewasabsentfromschoollastweek.他得了重感冒，结果他上周没上课。温馨提醒：关于“介词+关系代词”中介词的选择，一看先行词固定搭配，二看定语从句动词、形容词等构成的固定搭配，三看语境逻辑。介词的选择，先行词指物应用which，先行词指人应用whom。Themanwithwhommyfatherisshakinghandsisourheadmaster.和我父亲握手的那个男子是我们的校长。You'vemadegreatprogressinEnglish,ofwhichI’mgreatlyproud.你在英语方面取得了巨大的进步,为此我感到很骄傲。Johninvitedabout40peopletohisweddingmostofwhomarefamilymembers.约翰邀请了大约40人参加婚礼，其中大多数都是家庭成员。（四）关系副词引导的定语从句1．when指代时间,在从句中充当状语,可改为“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。Icanstillrememberthedaywhen(onwhich)Ijoinedthearmy.我仍然记得我参军的那一天。2．where指代地点，在从句中充当状语，可改为“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。Canyoutellmetheofficewhere(inwhich)heworks?你能告诉我他工作的办公室吗?3．why指代原因,在从句中充当状语,可改为“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。Thereasonwhy(forwhich)weshouldplantmoretreesisthattheycanbeautifytheenvironment.我们应该多植树的原因是树木可以美化环境。温馨提醒：1.关系副词why只能引导限制性定语从句。2.当先行词为atmosphere,case,point,situation,stage等抽象的地点名词且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词where引导。IhavereachedapointinmylifewhereIamsupposedtomakedecisionsonmyown.我已经到了人生中应该自己做出决定的地步了。（五）在限制性定语从句中，只用关系代词that不能用which的情况1．当先行词为all，everything，anything,nothing等时。Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.最后，这个小偷将他所盗窃的所有东西都交予了警方。2．当先行词被theonly,thevery,theright等词语修饰时。ThisistheverybookthatIwaslookingfor.这正是我当时在寻找的书。3．当先行词是序数词或最高级，或者被序数词或最高级修饰时。Thistrainisthefirst(one)thatwillgotoSuzhou.这是去苏州的第一趟火车。4．当先行词既有人又有物时。Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthatthey’retalkingabout?你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗?考点一：考场what引导名词性从句例1．______annoyedmelastnightwasthenoiseofthefirecrackersfromtheneighbourhoodareatillmidnight.【答案】What【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：昨晚使我恼火的（事）是从附近街区传来的一直持续到午夜的爆竹声。句子分析可知，“___annoyedmelastnight”为名词性从句作主语，设空处在从句中作主语，表示“……事”，用连接代词what引导；设空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填What。考点二：考场that引导名词性从句例2．Whenwecomeacrosssuchfactualdifferences,weshouldn’trushtotheconclusion________oneofthenewsreportsgivesfalseinformation.【答案】that【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：当我们遇到这样的事实差异时，我们不应该急于得出其中一篇新闻报道提供了虚假信息的结论。引导同位语从句，说明conclusion的内容，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，故用that引导。故填that。考点三：考场-ever引导名词性从句例3．Everyemployeeneedstofindtheiruniquevaluecontributionthatmakesthemstandoutin________istheirfieldofemployment.【答案】whatever【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：每个员工都需要找到自己独特的价值贡献，使他们在自己的就业领域脱颖而出。分析句子可知，设空处位于介词in后，在句中引导宾语从句，从句中缺主语，结合句意可知，此处表示物，应用whatever引导。故填whatever。考点四：考场where引导名词性从句例4．Whynottryyourluckdowntown,Bob?That’s___thebestjobsare.【答案】where【详解】考查表语从句。句意：为什么不去市中心碰碰运气呢，鲍勃？那是最好的工作所在地。空格处引导表语从句，从句缺少表语，结合句意“所在地”可知，应用连接副词where。故填where。考点五：固定句型中名词性从句例5．Thereisnodoubt____thewoodenchairismuchstrongerthantheplasticoneyouboughtyesterday.【答案】that【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：毫无疑问，这把木椅比你昨天买的塑料椅结实得多。Thereisnodoubtthat…为固定句型，意为“毫无疑问……”，从句成分和意义都完整，故此处that引导同位语从句。故填that。考点六：抽象名词具体化的用法例6．Thequestion________Englishwillkeeponchanginginthefutureiseasytoanswersinceitiscertainthatthisprocesswillcontinue.【答案】whether【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：英语将来会不断变化的问题很容易回答，因为这个过程肯定会继续下去。分析可知，________Englishwillkeeponchanginginthefuture为同位语从句，解释名词thequestion，从句中句子成分齐全，意思上缺少“是否”，所以用从属连词whether，意为“是否”，故填whether。考点七：关系代词that、which引导的定语从句例7．Mr.Crossettwillneverforgettheday________hespentwithhisstudents.【答案】that/which/无【解析】考查定语从句。句意：Mr.Crossett永远不会忘记和学生度过的那天。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是day，从句缺少宾语，应用关系代词which/that引导；关系代词作宾语可省略。故填that/which/无。考点八：关系副词where引导的定语从句例8．OppositeisSt.Paul'sChurch,________youcanhearsomelovelymusic.【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：对面是圣保罗教堂，在那里你可以听到一些优美的音乐。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词St.Paul'sChurch，且先行词在从句中作的是地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。考点九：关系代词whose引导的定语从句例9．Thebuilding_________doorsarewhiteisanofficebuilding.【答案】whose【解析】考查定语从句。句意：门是白色的那座建筑是一座办公楼。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是thebuilding，指物，关系词在定语从句中作定语，表示所属关系，意为“……的”。故填whose。考点十：关系代词as引导的限制性定语从句例10．SearchenginessearchtheInternetbasedonthekeywordsyoutypein,andchoosesuchwebpagesforyou________containthewordsyouaskfor.【答案】as【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。句意：搜索引擎根据你输入的关键词搜索互联网，并为你选择出包含你要求的关键词的网页。在定语从句中，当先行词前有such,thesame修饰时，关系代词用as,句中webpages为先行词，前有such修饰，故填as。考点十一：关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句例11．________isoftenthecasewithchildren,Tomwasbetterbythetimethedoctorarrived.【答案】As【解析】考查定语从句。句意：汤姆在医生赶到前已经完全没事了，这种事经常发生在孩子身上。as引导非限制定语从句，先行词是整个句子，as在从句中作主语，意为“正如，像……一样”。故填As。考点十二：定语从句“介词+关系代词”用法例12．Nelsonofferedguidancetopoorblackpeopleontheirlegalproblems________whichIwasgrateful.【答案】for【解析】考查介词。句意：纳尔逊为贫穷的黑人提供法律问题方面的指导，对此我心存感激。分析句子可知，此句是一个由介词+which引导的非限制性定语从句，短语begratefulfor“对……心存感激”，因此要用介词for，解释原因，forwhich=why，作状语。故填for。考点十三：定语从句谓语主谓一致例13．Davidisoneofthosestudentswho________(praise)bytheheadmasteryesterday.【答案】werepraised【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：大卫是昨天被校长表扬的学生之一。根据句意可知，关系代词“who”指代的先行词是“thosestudents”，为复数，同时应用一般过去时。故填werepraised。考点十四：先行词是theway的定语从句例14．Yourfriendsalsoinfluencetheway________youviewyourphysicalappearance.【答案】that/inwhich/省略(/)【解析】考查定语从句。句意：你的朋友也会影响你看待自己外表的方式。分析句子可知，此处为theway当“way”表示“方式、方法”，theway在句中作先行词，后被一个定语从句修饰时，theway在从句中作作状语成分，引导定语从句可用that，也可用inwhich，或什么都不用。故填that/inwhich/省略(/)。考点十五：分割型定语从句例15．Occasionsarequiterare_________Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.【答案】when【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我有时间和家人待在一起一天的时候很少。定语从句的先行词是occasions，被谓语arequiterare分隔开。故填when。第一组（名词性从句）一、单项填空1.（2021·天津·高考真题）ItseemedthatIhadbecome________myparentshadwantedmetobe.A．when B．where C．what D．whether2.（2021·天津·高考真题）WhatpuzzlesLily'sfriendsis________shealwayshassomanycrazyideas.A．whether B．why C．what D．when3.（2020·江苏·高考真题）Itisnotaproblem_____wecanwinthebattle;it’sjustamatteroftime.A．whether B．why C．when D．where4．（2020·天津·高考真题）Thestudentcompletedthisexperimenttomakecometrue______ProfessorJosephhadsaid.A．that B．what C．when D．where5.（2020·天津·高考真题）MygrandmotherhelpedmebelievethatIcouldaccomplish____________Iputmymindto.A．whenever B．whatever C．wherever D．whichever6（2018·天津·高考真题）Hestudiedhardandlaterbecameawell-knownwriter,whichwas______hisfatherhadexpected.A．why B．how C．that D．what7.（2019·江苏·高考真题）Scientistshaveobtainedmoreevidence________plasticisfindingitswayintothehumanbody.A．what B．that C．which D．where8.（2019·天津·高考真题）Theopinionlearningisalifelongprocesshasbeenexpressedbyeducationexpertsthroughouttheyears.A．which B．thatC．what D．how9．（2018·北京·高考真题）（2018·北京）Thisis_________myfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.A．how B．whichC．that D．what10.（2018·天津·高考真题）Thegoldmedalwillbeawardedto___________winsthefirstplaceinthebicyclerace.A．whomever B．whereverC．whoever D．whatever11．（2017·江苏·高考真题）Wechoosethishotelbecausethepriceforanighthereisdownto$20,halfof_______itusedtocharge.A．that B．whichC．what D．how12.（2017·天津·高考真题）Sheaskedme________Ihadreturnedthebookstothelibrary,andIadmittedthatIhadn’t.A．when B．whereC．whether D．what13.（2017·北京·高考真题）Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree-linedstreet,notknowing________shewasheading.A．why B．whereC．how D．when13.（2016·天津·高考真题）Themanagerputforwardasuggestion__________weshouldhaveanassistant.Thereistoomuchworktodo.A．whether B．thatC．which D．what14.（2018·江苏·高考真题）Byboatistheonlywaytogethere,whichis_______wearrived.A．where B．whenC．why D．how27．（2015·陕西·高考真题）Readingherbiography,Iwaslostinadmirationfor_____DorisLessinghadachievedinliterature.A．what B．thatC．why D．how二、单句填空1.（2021新高考I卷）GoingtoMountHuangshanremindsmeofthepopularBeatles’song“TheLongandWindingRoad”.__________issobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheout-of-this-worldscenes.2.（2021北京卷）Thepoorwomanwasn'tabletogivehimanyinformationabout__________shelived.3.（2021天津卷）WhatpuzzlesLily'sfriendsis________shealwayshassomanycrazyideas.4.（2020北京卷）Oliversaysifyou'reluckyenoughtohavesomeoneclosetoyouwhoenjoyscooking,askthem__________youcanjoininwhenit'spossible.5.（2020浙江卷）Overthousandsofyears，theybegantodependlesson__________couldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild，andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.6.（2020天津卷）Thestudentcompletedthisexperimenttomakecometrue__________ProfessorJosephhadsaid.7.（2020江苏卷）Itisnotaproblem__________wecanwinthebattle;it’sjustamatteroftime.8.(2019·江苏卷)Scientistshaveobtainedmoreevidence___________plasticisfindingitswayintothehumanbody.9.(2019·新课标I卷)Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence__________theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.10.(2018·北京)Thisis_________myfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.第二组（定语从句）一、单项填空1．（2022·天津·高考真题）Guidebooksarepreparedtosuittheconvenienceofthetraveler,________routesroundacityorasiteareoftensuggested.A．forwhich B．withwhichC．forwhom D．withwhom2．（2021·天津·高考真题）Inthespring,aseason________wearelearningnewrhythmsoflife，manyofusfindcomfortinthenaturalworld.A．when B．where C．what D．which3．（2017·天津·高考真题）Ihavereachedapointinmycareer________Ineedtodecidewhichwaytogo.A．that B．where C．which D．why4．（2021·天津·高考真题）AttheChineseartfestival,therearedifferentstands________artistsdemonstratetheirskillsandteachthevisitors.A．where B．which C．that D．when5．（2021·天津·高考真题）WilliamHastieoncesuggestedthathistoryinformsusofpastmistakes________wecanlearnwithoutrepeatingthem.A．fromwhich B．inwhich C．withwhom D．forwhom6．（2017·全国·高考真题）Theshippinggroup,_______profitsdivedlastyearbynearlyathird,hastoldshareholderstoexpectanevenlowerresultforthisyear．A．whose B．where C．which D．that7．（2020·江苏·高考真题）Manylessonsarenowavailableonline,from_____studentscanchooseforfree.A．whose B．which C．when D．whom8．（2020·天津·高考真题）Dr.Rowan,______secretaryresignedtwoweeksago,hashadtodoallhisowntyping.A．whose B．ofwhom C．ofwhich D．which9．（2020·天津·高考真题）Mr.Smithownedthisoilpaintinguntiltheearly1990s,____________hegaveittohisgrandson.A．which B．when C．where D．who10．（2018·天津·高考真题）Therewasalongwaitatthereceptiondesk,______everyonewascheckingin.A．why B．which C．whom D．where11．（2019·江苏·高考真题）Wehaveenteredintoanage_______dreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.A．which B．what C．when D．that12．（2019·天津·高考真题）Thecoursenormallyattractsabout100studentsperyear,uptohalfwillbefromabroad.A．who B．ofwhichC．when D．ofwhom13．（2016·天津·高考真题）Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,________theweathermaybebetter.A．that B．whereC．which D．when14．（2015·北京·高考真题）OppositeisSt.Paul’sChurch,________youcanhearsomelovelymusic.A．which B．that C．when D．where15．（2018·江苏·高考真题）Self-drivingisanarea_______Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.A．that B．whereC．which D．when16．（2018·北京·高考真题）Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,_________helpsthemkeepfit.A．which B．whoC．as D．that17．（2018·天津·高考真题）Kate,_________sisterIsharedaroomwithwhenwewereatcollege,hasgonetoworkinAustralia.A．whom B．thatC．whose D．her18．（2017·江苏·高考真题）In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgram,oneof________purposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.A．which B．it’sC．whose D．whom19．（2017·北京·高考真题）Thelittleproblems________wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.A．that B．asC．where D．when20．（2017·天津·高考真题）Myeldestson,________worktakeshimallovertheworld,isinNewYorkatthemoment.A．that B．whose C．his D．who二、单句填空1.（2022新高考I卷）TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies___________livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.2.（2022全国甲卷）Onthe1,100.Kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,___________losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovince.3.（2022浙江1月卷）KimCobb,aprofessorattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyinAtlanta,isoneofasmallbutgrowingminorityofacademics___________arecuttingbackontheirairtravelbecauseofclimatechange.4.（2021新高考II卷）IdecidedthatifIlearnedofacompany___________usedalotofplastic,I'dsenditanemailurgingittocutback.5.（2021北京卷）Whenyousleep,yourbrainsortsthrougheverything___________happenedduringtheday,tryingtolinknewexperiencestooldmemories.6.（2021浙江1月卷）BMIisaninternationallyrecognizedmeasurementtool___________givesanindicationofwhethersomeoneisahealthyweight.7.（2021天津卷）WilliamHastieoncesuggestedthathistoryinformsusofpastmistakesfrom___________wecanlearnwithoutrepeatingthem.8.（2021天津卷）AttheChineseartfestival,therearedifferentstands___________artistsdemonstratetheirskillsandteachthevisitors.9.（2020新高考卷）The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum___________openedin1759.10.（2020全国I卷）Becausethemoon’sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot___________itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.11.（2020全国III卷）InancientChinalivedanartist,___________paintingswerealmostlifelike.Theartist’sreputationhadmadehimproud.12.（2020天津卷）Dr.Rowan,___________secretaryresignedtwoweeksago,hashadtodoallhisowntyping.13.（2020江苏卷）Manylessonsarenowavailableonline,from___________studentscanchooseforfree.14.（2020江苏卷）Ifyoulookatallsidesofthesituation,you’llfindprobablyasolutionthat___________everyone.15.（2019全国II卷）NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,___________sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.第一组（名词性从句）阅读下面句子，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1．Withtheseinspiringwordsringingintheirears,Alliedsoldierspreparedfor________wouldbecomeknownasD-Day.2．Thegoldmedalwillbeawardedto________winsthefirstplaceinthebicycler.3．Ihavenoidea_________hashappenedrecentlyonmyco-worker,soIcan’tgivethesadgirlasuitablecomfort.4．Concernswereraised________witnessesmightbeencouragedtoexaggeratetheirstoriesincourttoensureadecisionofguilty.5．_____isknowntousallisthatthe2024OlympicGameswilltakeplaceinParis.6．OneofthereasonswhyCharlesDickenslovedhisnovelDavidCopperfieldwas________itwasbasedonhisownlife.7．—Thequestionis________itisthatwecangoforapicnic.—Irecommendanationalforestpark18milesawayfromhere.8．Itwas________theteachersaidtohim_________encouragedhimtomakeeveryefforttocatchupwithhisclassmates.9．WhenIsawmycatwaitingsadlyforthedogtoreturnatthegate,Isuddenlyrealized________closetherelationshipbetweenthemwas.9．Itwasannouncedthatachargeforplasticbags___________(charge)nextyear.10．Thereisgrowingevidence________stayinguplateatnighthasaseriousimpactonpeople’shealth.11．Hedidn’tattendschoolyesterday,andthat’s________hegotatoothache.12．ThemomentIwillalwaysrememberis________IdeliveredmyfirstEnglishspeechbeforeabigaudience.13．Susanmadeitcleartome________shewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.14．________teamwinsonSaturdaywillgotothenationalchampionships.15．Thereason________accountsfortheirnamesGalileanMoonsis________theywerediscoveredbyGalileoin1610.16．Theteachersaidthatthesun________(rise)intheeastand________(set)inthewest.17．—Children’sbehaviourismosteasilyinfluencedbyhisparents.—True.That’s________weshouldsetagoodexampletoourkids.18．Peoplegoforwalkslessa