北师大版高中英语选择性必修第二册UNIT4 Section Ⅱ Period4课件

Period4

UNIT4

HUMOUR主题语境人与社会——文学与艺术

SectionⅡ

LESSON2&LESSON3课时学案单元语法讲练副词一、时间副词1．时间副词及其特点时间副词表示事情发生的时间。常见的时间副词有now(现在；此刻；目前)，then(当时；那时；接着；于是；然后)，soon(不久；即刻；马上)，ago(以前)，recently(最近；近来)，lately(近来；最近；不久前)，later(较晚地；后来)，finally(最后；终于)，before(先前；从前；以前)，early(早；先；在初期；在早期)，today(今天)，tomorrow(明天)，yesterday(昨天)，tonight(今晚)，suddenly(忽然)，immediately(即刻；马上)，already(已经)，just(刚刚)等。2．时间副词在句中的位置表示确定时间的副词(如today，yesterday等)通常位于句末，有时也位于句首。Hewenthomeyesterday．/Yesterdayhewenthome．他昨天回家了。而那些表示非确定时间的副词(如soon，recently，suddenly等)除可用于句末或句首外，还可位于句中(通常位于实义动词之前，be动词、助动词、情态动词之后)。HewenttoParisrecently．/HerecentlywenttoParis．/RecentlyhewenttoParis．最近他去了巴黎。二、地点副词1．地点副词及其特点地点副词表示事情发生的地点。常见的地点副词有here(在这里；向这里；到这里)，there(在那里；往那里；那里)，up(在上面；向上；向北；在北部)，down(向下；在下面；往南)，away(在远处；离开)，nearby(在附近)，home(在家)，ahead(在某人或某事物的前面)，abroad(在国外；到国外)，indoors(在室内；往室内)，overseas[在(向)海外；在(向)国外]，halfway(半途；中间)，upstairs(在楼上；往楼上)，downstairs(在楼下；往楼下)等。2．地点副词在句中的位置地点副词在句中通常位于句末或句首，但从不位于主语和谓语之间。若有多个副词并列，地点副词通常位于方式副词之后，时间副词之前。Canyouhelptocarrythistableupstairs?你能帮忙把这张桌子搬到楼上去吗？Theboyreadquietlyoverthereallafternoon．这男孩整个下午都在那儿静静地看书。三、方式副词1．方式副词及其特点方式副词表示事情发生的方式。许多以-ly结尾的副词都是方式副词，如carefully(仔细地；周密地；小心地)，happily(快乐地；满意地；幸运地)，quietly(轻声地；安静地；静止地；寂静地；不张扬地)，heavily(严重地；大量地)，warmly(温暖地；亲切地；热烈地；热情地；热心地)，correctly(正确地；得体地)，politely(有礼貌地；客气地)，angrily(愤怒地；生气地)等。2．方式副词在句中的位置(1)方式副词通常位于动词(及其宾语)之后。Hereadtheletterslowly．他从容不迫地看了那封信。(2)方式副词(主要是单个的方式副词)有时也可位于主语与动词之间。Hequicklygotdressed．他赶紧穿好衣服。Heangrilytoreuptheletter．他很生气，把信撕碎了。(3)有的方式副词(如bravely，cleverly，cruelly，foolishly，generously，kindly，secretly，simply等)位于动词之前和位于句末会导致句子意思的变化。Theysecretlydecidedtoleavethetown．他们秘密决定离开这个城镇。Theydecidedtoleavethetownsecretly．他们决定秘密地离开这个城镇。四、频度副词1．频度副词及其特点频度副词表示动作发生的频率。常见的频度副词有always(总是；永远)，continually(不停地；持续地)，frequently(频繁地)，occasionally(偶尔)，often(经常)，once(一次；曾经)，twice(两次)，periodically(定期地)，repeatedly(重复地；再三地)，sometimes(有时候)，usually(通常)，ever(在任何时候；在某时；有时；从来)，hardlyever(几乎从不；很少)，never(从不；永不；从来没有)，rarely(不常；很少)，scarcelyever(仅仅；几乎不)，seldom(很少)等。2．频度副词在句中的位置(1)频度副词通常位于实义动词之前，be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，如果有两个助动词，频度副词通常放在第一个助动词后面。Heoftencomestoseeus．他常来看我们。Heisseldomlateforschool．他上学很少迟到。(2)在简略答语中，当频度副词与be动词、助动词或情态动词位于句末时，频度副词必须前置。—Philipislateagain．—Yes，healwaysis．——菲利普又迟到了。——是的，他总是迟到。—Canyouparkyourcarneartheshops?—Yes，Iusuallycan．——你可以在商店附近停车吗？——是的，通常可以。五、程度副词1．程度副词及其特点程度副词表示事情发展的程度，常见的有fairly(一定地；相当地)，pretty(相当)，rather(在一定的程度上；相当)，quite(完全地；整体地；十分地)，very(完全；非常；十分；极)，much(十分；差不多；几乎)，too(太；再)，greatly(大大地；非常)，almost(几乎；差不多；差一点；将近)，nearly(几乎；差不多)，hardly(几乎不),half(到一半程度)，highly(很；非常)，awfully(非常；极其)，deeply(很；非常)，partly(部分地；不完全地；在一定的程度上)，perfectly(完全地；十足地)，really(确实地；实际地；很；十分；全然)等。2．程度副词在句中的位置

(1)程度副词用在实义动词前，be动词、助动词、情态动词之后。Ialmostforgottobringmykey．我差点忘记带钥匙。(2)程度副词用在形容词或副词前，enough除外。Hedrivesverycarefully．他很小心地驾驶。(3)程度副词much(……得多)，even(更加)可在形容词或副词的比较级之前作修饰语。Thisquestionismuchmoredifficultthanthatone．这个问题比那个问题难多了。[即时训练1]选词填空properly，almost，normally，fairly，fast，occasionally，recently，frequently①Itisonly________thathistorianshavebeguntolookintothequestion．②Iknewhim______well，butIwouldn'tsaywewerereallyclosefriends．recentlyfairly③Hewassoabsorbedinhisworkthathe__________stayedupuntilthemidnight．④SheisespeciallygoodattraditionalChineselandscapepaintings，but____________shedoesoilstoo．⑤Ihaven'tusedmyFrenchforyearsandhaveforgotten______allofit．⑥Theproblemwillnotbedifficulttosolve，if________handled．frequentlyoccasionallyalmostproperly⑦Weare____approachingatimewhentheroarofatigerinthewildwillbereplacedforeverbysilence．⑧They________chargethreehundredpoundsbutwegotitforhalfprice．fastnormally六、连接副词1．充当连接性状语，在句子之间起连接作用的连接副词。常见的有therefore(因此；为此；所以)，besides(而且；还有)，however(然而)，moreover(此外；而且)，still(仍然；依旧；还是)，thus(如此；这样)，meanwhile(同时；其间)等。Idon'tlikeit．Besides，it'stooexpensive．我不喜欢它。而且，它太贵了。Theuniversitieshaveexpanded,thusallowingmanymorepeoplethechanceofhigheducation．大学扩招了，这样就使更多人能有机会接受高等教育。2．引导名词性从句或不定式的连接副词。主要有when，why，where，how等。Tellmewhenweshallleave．/Tellmewhentoleave．告诉我什么时候离开。Idon'tknowhowIcanfindhim．/Idon'tknowhowtofindhim．我不知道如何找到他。Wherewecangetthemoneyisjustourproblem．/Wheretogetthemoneyisjustourproblem．到哪里去弄这笔钱正是我们头痛的事。That'swhyhespeaksEnglishsowell．那就是他的英语讲得这么好的原因。七、关系副词关系副词用于引导定语从句，主要有when(什么时候)，where(在哪里)，why(为什么)。Sundayisthedaywhenveryfewpeoplegotowork．星期日是很少人上班的日子。That'sthereasonwhyhedislikesme．那就是他不喜欢我的原因。DoyouknowashopwhereIcanfindsandals?你知道在哪家商店我能找到凉鞋吗？八、疑问副词疑问副词有when(什么时候)，where(在哪里)，why(为什么)，how(怎么样)等，通常用于引出特殊疑问句。Wheredoyoucomefrom?你是哪里人？[即时训练2]语法填空①Atweekends,theStudents'UnionarrangedvisitstotheNursingHomenearby,______theydidwhattheycouldtomaketheelderlyfeelhappy．②Theceremonyisagrandoccasion____weareannouncedtobegrown-ups．③Hedidn'tknowwhattodobuttowalkalongtheroadandcallouthisfamilieswhilewalking．_______,nobodyansweredhim．wherewhenHowever④Astoournexttrip,___aboutcampingatthenearbylakenextSaturdayifweatherpermits?⑤Watchingthisfilm,youwillbedeeplymovedbythecourageandspiritofthemaincharacterSunWukong．That's____Imakethisrecommendation．howwhy短文语法填空Questioningcanleadtosearchingforananswer．Ifwe1．_____raisedoubtsaboutwhetherwhatwearetoldistrue，wecan2．______findthecorrectanswerandlearnmore．Twoyears3．___，ourteacherofferedusananswertoa4．____difficultmathprobleminclass．Ifoundtheanswer5．______________strange，butnobodyelse6．_____doubtedit．Thinkingthathissolutionmightbewrong，I7．_________(careful)analysed

theneverhardlyagoveryalittle/abitevencarefullyproblemandtriedtoworkitoutina8．_____________

differentway．Halfanhour9．_____(late)，Imanagedtofindthecorrectanswer．10．____Ishowedmyanswertohim，theteacherpraisedmeformyindependentthinking．FromthisexperienceIhavelearntthatquestioning_canserveasabridgethathelpsustoseekthetruth．quite/verylaterWhenⅠ．单词拼写1．Thoughstuckinthetrafficjam,hewasstillinagood____(心情)atthethoughtofthecomingholiday．2．Sheleanedoverand_________(悄声说)somethinginhisear．3．Thenewhousereallywasn'tworthallthe_______(花费)involved．4．We___________(遇到)anumberofdifficultiesinthefirstweek．课时分层作业（二）moodwhisperedexpenseencountered5．Aftertheoperationyoumayfinditdifficultto____(咀嚼)andswallow．6．Chaplinwasnotjusta______(天才)，hewasamongthemostinfluentialfiguresinfilmhistory．7．__________(惊讶的)，Maryrealisedthathehadalsorecognisedwhatheractionmeant．chewgeniusAstonished8．IonceservedasavolunteerintheNationalGames，soIamgreatly_________(确信的)thatIamuptothejob．9．Shewasawomanofunique______(天赋)anddetermination．10．Herremarkwasfollowedbyan___________(尴尬的)silence．convincedtalentembarrassedⅡ．选词填空inabadmood,aslongas,haveareputationfor,aseriesof,relyon,makeanattempt,busyoneselfin,onthecontrary1．It'snotroubleatall；_______________，itwillbeagreatpleasuretohelpyou．2．Youmay_______himthatheiscapableofcalculatingoftheeventsaccurately．3．I________________cleaningtheroomwhenyoutelephonedmeyesterday．onthecontraryrelyonbusiedmyselfin4．He_______________topasstheexam，butitwastoodifficult．5．___________discussiongroupshasbeentimetabledfortheafternoons．6．Whenyouare_____________，youcantrywatchingacomedyandyoumayfeelbettersoon．7．Theuniversity____________________highacademicstandards．8．Wecansurelyovercomethesedifficulties__________wearecloselyunited．madeanattemptAseriesofinabadmoodhasareputationforaslongasⅢ．阅读理解It'swell-knownthathumourcanbenefitusbothphysicallyandmentally．Theideathatlaughteristhebestmedicinehasbeenaroundsinceancienttimes．Inhis1905book,Jokes

and

Their

Relation

to

the

Unconscious,SigmundFreudarguedthathumouristhehighestofthepsyche'sdefensemechanism(机制),capableofturninganxietyintopleasure．Therearefourhumourstyles．Affiliativehumourreferstojokesaboutthingsthatmightbecommonlyconsideredfunny,whichisusuallyemployedtoimproverelationshipsormakeotherslaugh．Ifyou'veeversharedafunnypicturewithaco-worker,you'veusedaffiliativehumour．Self-enhancinghumourinvolvesbeingabletolaughatyourself,oftenusedasawayforyoutodealwithstressordifficultiesandfeelbetterasaresult．Aggressivehumourislaughingattheexpenseofothers,whichofteninvolvessarcasm(讽刺),teasing,andcriticism．Self-defeatinghumouristheartofputtingyourselfdowntogainfavourfromyourpeers,whichispossiblyusedbysomeonewho'stargetedbybullies．Eachstyleofhumouractuallycarriesadifferentinfluence,whenitcomestomentalhealth．JulieAitkenSchermer,apsychologicalresearcheratTheUniversityofWesternOntario,sayspeopleusingself-enhancinghumourarelesslikelytoshowsignsoflonelinessandpoorrelationshipswithothers．Bycontrast,bothaggressiveandself-defeatinghumourstylescanhintattrouble．“Wefindthatself-defeatinghumouristhemostconcerningstyleasitisalsolinkedwithlonelinessandfeelingsofnotmattering．Thosewithanaggressivehumourstylemaynotexperiencelonelinessasmuch,however,sincetheyrelyongroupdynamics(群体动力)inordertomakefunoftheirpeers，”saysSchermer．Evenifyoutendtofavourmorenegativehumourstyles,there'snoreasontoloseheart．Schermersayspeoplecandevelopapositive,self-enhancinghumourstylebyconcentratingonthelighterandmorehumorousaspectsoflife．AsauthorKurtVonnegutoncewrote,“Laughterandtearsarebothresponsestoworriesandanxieties．Iprefertolaugh,sincethereislesscleaninguptodoafterward．”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过一本书——Jokes

and

Their

Relation

to

the

Unconscious，介绍了四种不同的幽默类型。1．WhyisSigmundFreud'sbookmentionedinparagraph1?A．Toshowtheimportanceofmentalhealth．B．Tostresstheroleofhumour．C．Topersuadepeopletostaypositive．D．Tointroduceancientjokestous．√B

[推理判断题。根据第一段“It'swell-knownthathumourcanbenefitusbothphysicallyandmentally．Theideathatlaughteristhebestmedicinehasbeenaroundsinceancienttimes．Inhis1905book,Jokes

and

Their

Relation

to

the

Unconscious,SigmundFreudarguedthathumouristhehighestofthepsyche'sdefensemechanism,capableofturninganxietyintopleasure．”可知，第一段提到这本书是为了强调幽默的作用。故选B。]2．Accordingtothetext,whichkindofhumourmayyouusetorelievepressure?A．Affiliativehumour．B．Self-enhancinghumour．C．Aggressivehumour．D．Self-defeatinghumour．√B

[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Self-enhancinghumourinvolvesbeingabletolaughatyourself,oftenusedasawayforyoutodealwithstressordifficultiesandfeelbetterasaresult．”可知，用于缓解压力的是自我提升式幽默。故选B。]3．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“hintat”probablymeaninthethirdparagraph?A．Signal． B．Explain．C．Prevent． D．Solve．√A

[词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“JulieAitkenSchermer,apsychologicalresearcheratTheUniversityofWesternOntario,sayspeopleusingself-enhancinghumourarelesslikelytoshowsignsoflonelinessandpoorrelationshipswithothers．”以及“Bycontrast,bothaggressiveandself-defeatinghumourstyles”可知，使用自我提升式幽默的人不太可能表现出孤独和与他人关系不好的迹象。相比之下，攻击性和自我挫败的幽默风格都可能暗示出麻烦，故画线词意思是“暗示”。故选A。]4．WhichofthefollowingwillKurtVonnegutprobablyagreewith?A．Humourisdifficulttocontrol．B．Cryingisagoodwayofrelief．C．Humourisadouble-edgedsword．D．Laughteristhebestcureforstress．√D

[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Laughterandtearsarebothresponsestoworriesandanxieties．Iprefertolaugh,sincethereislesscleaninguptodoafterward．”可知，KurtVonnegut更喜欢笑，可得出他可能同意“笑是治疗压力的最好方法”这一观点。故选D。]Ⅳ．完形填空Ioncestoppedbehindseveralcars,waitingattheredlight．Thewindblewfiercely．Aheadofmestoodayoungwomanalongsidethestreetrubbingherbarehandstogetheranddancingtokeep1．Besideherrestedasignthatread,“Ihaveababyandnofood．”Homelessandunemployedpeoplearea2sightinmanyofourlargecities,andmostpeopledrivebywithout3assistance．Nodoubttheyhavebeentaughtthatgivingthemmoneydevelopsadependent

4,orthatthecashmaybeusedtobuyalcohol5thefooditwasintendedfor．Likeme,theymayhavebeentaughtthatoneshouldgivemoneytoalocalcharity,astheseorganisationscan6thoseinneedfarmoreeffectively．AsIwaitedforthelighttoturngreen,Ifelt7aboutthatwoman．Shewasobviouslyinneed．Andwhetherornotsheactuallyhadababyreallydidn't8．WhatshouldIdo?ShouldIgivehermoney？AsI9,thewindowofthecarinfrontofmewas10downandahandreachedoutholdingapairofwarmgloves．Thedriver11herownglovesandgavethemtothewoman．Isawtheyoungwoman12thewords“Thankyou”andabroadsmilelitupherface．AsIhesitated,somebodyelse13．AsItriedtodecidethebestwaytohelp,somebodyelsejustdidwhatshecould．Imademyselfa(n)

14thatdaytoalwaysdosomething．Whetheritisbigorsmall,justdosomething．Somethingisalmostalwaysbetterthannothing！Toooftenweunderestimate(低估)thepowerofatouch,asmile,akindword,alisteningear,orthesmallestactofcaring,allofwhichhavethe15toturnalifearound．【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者目睹了一个司机送给一位在寒风中求助的女士一副暖和的手套，认识到我们常常会低估一些微小的关爱举动的力量，而这些力量也许会改变别人的生活。1．A．calm

B．energeticC．warm D．politeC

[根据上文中的“Thewindblewfiercely．”可知，那天的风很大，天气很冷，一位年轻的女士搓着手跺着脚是为了暖和。故选C。]√2．A．perfect B．terribleC．strange D．common√D

[根据本空后的“sightinmanyofourlargecities,andmostpeopledrivebywithout__________assistance”可知，人们开车直接经过，而不是提供帮助，说明这样的情况很常见。故选D。]3．A．receiving B．offeringC．seeking D．expectingB

[根据上文语境可知，大多数人遇到他们会径直开车经过，而不是提供帮助。故选B。]√4．A．method B．experimentC．tradition D．lifestyleD

[下文提到“thecashmaybeusedtobuyalcohol”，根据语境可知，他们认为给钱反而会使这些无家可归的人购买酒来逃避现实，养成依赖他人的生活方式。故选D。]√5．A．otherthan B．ratherthanC．morethan D．betterthanB

[根据语境可知，他们施舍给无家可归和失业的人的钱也许并没有被用来买食物，而是被用来买酒。故选B。]√6．A．assist B．recogniseC．control D．classifyA

[根据上文“oneshouldgivemoneytoalocalcharity”可知，慈善机构是专门帮助这些人的地方。根据语境可知，此处指慈善机构等组织可以更有效地帮助那些需要帮助的人。故选A。]√7．A．crazy B．cautiousC．conflicted D．satisfiedC

[根据下文“Shewasobviouslyinneed．”以及“WhatshouldIdo？”可知，对于是否要帮助那位女士，作者心里感到矛盾。故选C。]√8．A．change B．matterC．bother D．differB

[根据上文“Shewasobviouslyinneed．”可知，她显然需要帮助，而她是否真有一个婴儿需要养活无关紧要。故选B。]√9．A．hesitated B．insistedC．compared D．observed√A

[根据上文“WhatshouldIdo？”和“ShouldIgivehermoney？”可以看出，在要不要帮助那位女士的问题上作者犹豫不决，下文中的“AsIhesitated”也是提示。故选A。]10．A．kept B．rolledC．fell D．brokeB

[根据本空后的“downandahandreachedoutholdingapairofwarmgloves”可知，车窗应该是被摇下来的。故选B。]√11．A．tookoff B．putonC．tookdown D．putawayA

[根据上文“ahandreachedoutholdingapairofwarmgloves”可知，这位司机把自己的手套摘下来给了那位女士。故选A。]√12．A．eye B．noseC．mouth D．face√C

[根据本空后的“Thankyou”可知，作者应该是看到那位女士喃喃地说“谢谢”。故选C。]13．A．continued B．leftC．acted D．appeared√C

[根据上文“thewindowofthecarinfrontofmewas__________downandahandreachedoutholdingapairofwarmgloves”可知，作者在犹豫的时候，有人已经把手套送给这个需要帮助的女人。根据上下文语境可知，与空前的“hesitated”形成对比，在作者犹豫不决时，有人已经行动起来了。故选C。]14．A．appointment B．chanceC．agreement D．promiseD

[根据本空后的“Whetheritisbigorsmall,justdosomething．”可知，这是作者对自己许下的承诺：以后一定要做一些事情来帮助别人。故选D。]√15．A．benefit B．potentialC．convenience D．skillB

[根据语境可知，所有这些小的举动都可能改变一个人的生活。故选B。]√Ⅴ．语法填空“Lookonthebrightside”isoneofthose1．__________(suggestion)thatpeoplealwaysconsiderinspiringbutlesshelpful．However,newresearchshowsthatfindingsomethingofinterestinaterriblesituationmakes2．__________easyforpeopletostopcomplaining．Besides,lookingatachallengewithhumourisagoodmethod,3．__________mayevenbehelpfulinpreventinganxiouspeople4．__________feelingsad．suggestionsitwhichfromInastudypublishedmuch5．__________(early),researchersgavetheparticipantssomephotosthatshownegativesituations．Thentheywoulddescribethesephotosaccordingto6．__________requestofresearchers．Thoseusinghumorouswordstodescribethephotos7．__________(find)tohavefewernegativeemotionsandmorepossibilitiestogothroughahardtimeintheirlifethanthosewhodescribedthephotos8．__________(direct)．earlierthewerefounddirectlySothereappeartobenodisadvantagestolookingatdifficultthingsinyourlifewithhumourandlightness．Theconclusionfromthestudyisthatf