高中阶段所有从句

高中阶段所有从句课件句子结构

按句子的结构划分，句子分为简单句、并列句、复合句三种。一、简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语），句子各个成分都是由单词或短语表示，这样的句子称为简单句。简单一般分为以下五类：S+V：Thesunrisesintheeast.S+V+O：Mybrotherboughtanewcellphone.S+V+P：Thegrassturnsgreen.S+V+Oi+Od：Myfathergavemeagift.S+V+O+C：Hemadethebabylaugh.二、并列句：并列句往往由并列连词连接，并列连词连接的两个或多个句子都是对等并列的关系。常见的并列连词有and,notonly…butalso…,neither,nor,neither…nor…,or,either…or…,but,yet,still,however,while,when,for,so,thus,therefore等。Somestudentsareinterestedinmusicandothersarefondofplayingfootball.Shenotonlydanceswellbutalsosingswell.Everyonelikesapersonwithgoodmanners,butnoonelikesapersonwithbadmanners.Iwasabouttoleavewhenitbegantorain.三、复合句：由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成的句子叫复合句。主句是复合句的主干部分，从句在主句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语、状语等。Whathedidmadehismotherangry.Parentsshouldn’tgivetheirchildrenwhatevertheywant.Thisisbecauseyouaretoocareless.Checkallyouranswersbeforeyouturninyourpapers.Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterpeople’shealth.定语从句定义：担任定语功能的句子称为定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，又称为形容词性从句。定语从句用来修饰名词、代词或整个主句。

He

whodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnottrueman.MissGreenisastrictbutkindteacher

who

alwayscaresforeverystudent.

Footballisplayedinover80countries,whichmakesitpopular.I’llneverforgetthedays

关系代词，在从句中作宾语先行词

thatwespenttogether.

修饰关系代词的选择和作用1.先行词指人时，关系代词在定语从句中作主语时用who,作宾语时用whom(whom可以省略).TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.ThepersonwhomyoujusttalkedtoisMr.Li.ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMr.Li.2.先行词指物时，关系代词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时用which,作宾语时可省略。Theyplantedthetreeswhichdidn’tneedmuchwater.Thefish(which)weboughtwerenotfresh.3.先行词既可以指人也可以指物，关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语时，用that,作宾语是可省略。Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Thegirl(that)wesawyesterdayisJim’ssister.He’schanged.He’snotthemanthathewasbefore.4.Whose的意义相当于所有格，在定语从句中作定语，先行词可以是人也可以是物。指物时可与ofwhich互换，“名词+ofwhich”.Harryistheboywhosemotherisourteacher.ThehousewhosewindowsfaceeastisMr.Smith’s.ThehousethewindowsofwhichfaceseastisMr.Smith’s.关系副词的选择和作用

1.当先行词是一个表示时间的名词，且从句中缺少时间状语时，选择关系副词when。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.比较：Istillrememberthedaythat/whichwespenttogether.2.

当先行词是一个表示地点的名词，且从句中缺少地点状语时，选择关系副词where。Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.比较：Thisistheplacethat/whichIoncevisited.3.当先行词是thereason(s)，且从句中缺少原因状语时，选择关系副词why。Thisisthereasonwhyhewaskilled.比较：Thisreasonthat/whichhegaveuswasunacceptable.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句“介词+关系代词”也可以在从句中充当时间、地点、原因等状语。介词选择遵循三个原则：1.根据先行词的搭配习惯

thedayonwhichIjoinedthearmy.IstillremembertheyearinwhichIstayedhere.2.根据从句中谓语动词的搭配onwhichIspent5Yuan.ThisisthebookforwhichIpaid5Yuan.fromwhichIlearntalot.3.根据所表达的意义Thewallonwhichthereisamapfaceseast.Thewallinwhichthereisawindowfaceseast.As和which1.as和which都可以引导非限制性定语从句，在定义从句中作主语或宾语，指代前面整个句子。区别：①as引导的非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前、之后，也可以放在中间；which引导的非限制性定语从句，只能放在主句之后。②as有正如，正像的含义，而which没有。Shakespeareisafamousplaywright,asweknow.

Asweknow,Shakespeareisafamousplaywright.Shakespeare,asweknow,isafamousplaywright.Hismotherisanengineer,whichmakeshimproud.2.若先行词被such或thesame所修饰，关系代词用as。Heissuchakindmanaswealllike.ThisisthesamewatchasIlost.※

只能用that的情况1.当先行词是all,much,little,any,few,something,anything,everything,none,nothing,theone等不定代词时IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?2.当先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficethatwasinvited.3.当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveread.ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.

4.先行词既有人又有物时

Theytalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthattheyremembered.

5.当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时Whoistheboythatisstandingoverthere?※不能用that的情况：1.在非限制性定语从句中Dinnerstartswithasmalldish,whichiscalledastarter.2.在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前时：I’mlookingforacontainerinwhichIcanputallthesepeaches.※定语从句中主谓一致问题1.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中谓语动词的单复形式与先行词保持一致。Mr.Smith,whoisnowdownstairs,isaskingtoseeyou.TheSmiths,whoarenowdownstairs,areaskingtoseeyou.2.Oneof+复数名词+关系代词+谓语动词复数形式；the(only)oneof+复数名词+关系代词+谓语动词单数形式

Heisoneofthestudentswhoworkhard.Heisthe(only)oneofthestudentswhogoesabroad.※在定语从句中，被关系词代替的部分不可在从句中重复出现。Thisistherightbookthatyouarelookingforit.（×）※

当先行词是way表示方式、方法时，关系词可用inwhich、that或省略。Thisisthewayinwhich/(that)IstudyEnglish.※

当先行词situation,point,degree等作先行词表示抽象的地点，其后常由where引导定语从句，在定语从句中作地点状语。Canyouthinkoutasituationwherethiswordcanbeused?Herillnesshasdevelopedtothepointwherenobodycancureher.※Isthisschool___

wevisited?Thisschoolistheonethatwevisited.Isthistheschool___wevisited?Thisistheschoolthatwevisited.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1.在句子功能方面，非限制性定语从句对先行词仅仅起一种信息补充或解释说明作用。没有定语从句主句的意思也非常清楚。而限制性定语从句则是主句不可缺少的，它对先行词起着限制、修饰作用。否则，指代不清。Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterthepatients.Lijiang,whereIwasborn,isverybeautiful.2.在非限制性定语从句中，先行词可以是名词、代词或者一个句子，而限制性定语从句中，先行词一般是名词或代词。

Theearthgoesroundthesun,whichistrue.Shehasfoundthenecklace(that)shelosttwoweeksago.3.在语言形式上，非限制性定语从句的引导词前有逗号将其与主句分开；而限制性定语从句则没有。4.在句子结构上，非限制性定语从句中作宾语时，关系词不可省略；而在限制性定语从句中可以省略。Thenovel(which)Ihavereadthreetimesisverymoving.Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverymoving.5.在关系词上，非限制性定语从句中不用that(指人时用who/whom,指物用which),关系副词则用when,where,forwhich6.非限制性定语从句一般翻译成并列句或状语从句，而限制性定语从句则翻译为定语。1.Alltheneighborsadmirethisfamily，____theparentsaretreatingtheirchildlikeafriend.

A.why

B.where

C.which

D.that2.Thenews____ourathleteswonanothergoldmedalwasreportedinyesterday’snewspaper.A.which

B.whether

C.what

D.that3.Theroadconditionsthereturnedouttobeverygood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.it

B.what

C.which

D.that

BDC4.Thecompaniesareworkingtogethertocreate

_____theyhopewillbethebestmeansoftransportinthe21stcentury.

A.which

B.that

C.what

D.who5.TheScienceMuseum,____wevisitedduringarecenttriptoBritain,isoneofLondon’stouristattractions.

A.which

B.what

C.that

D.where6.Lookout!Don’tgettooclosetothehouse___roofisunderrepair.A.whoseB.whichC.ofwhichD.thatCAA7.—Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourselves?—Yes,there’sonepoint___wemustinsiston.A.whyB.whereC.howD.×8.Ifashophaschairs___womencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where9.Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking,thefirst___Ireallyenjoyed.A.ofthatB.ofwhichC.thatD.which10.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,___surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.A.whichB.thatC.thisD.itDDBA11.___isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What12.Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,___hewentontoCambridge.A.fromwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthis13.Hersisterhasbecomealawyer,___shewantedtobe.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.whichBCD单句改错:1.Ialsoenjoytheeveningwhenwespenttogether.______2.IliveinBeijing,whereisthecapitalofChina.______3.Thisisoneofthebestbooksthathasbeenpublishedsofar._____4.Sheistheonlyoneofthestudentswhowerepraised.______5.Iwillgiveyoursisteramodelplanewhichshewillliketoplay.______________________________________________

6.ItisthemostexcitingfootballmatchwhichIhaveseen.______7.Whichweknow,heavyobjectsandlightobjectsfallatthesamespeedunlessairholdsthemback.______8.Hedoesn’thavesuchamindthatisnecessarytoascientist._______9.TheradiowhichIboughtitlastweekhasgonewrong._____10.Onthewallhungapicture,whichcolorisblue.

__________________________________________14.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut___hesaidit.A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich15.—Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp?—Thereisnooneelse____,isthere?A.whototurntoB.shecanturntoC.forwhomturnD.forhertoturn16.Byusingyoureyesyoucantellthedirection___lightcomes.A.inwhichB.fromwhichC.withwhichD.onwhichABA17.Canyoutellmethenameoftheshop___youpaidavisitlastweek?A.whatB.whichC.towhichD.tothat18.I,who___yourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyou.A.beB.amC.areD.is19.Thelastquestion___canbeusedbyyou.A.whichheaskedB.thathewasaskeditC.heaskedD.heaskeditCBC20.Haveyoueveraskedhimthereason__mayexplainhisabsence?A.whyB.whenC.thatD.what21.Thebox,___colorisredandwhite,isforputtingoldbooks.A.whichB.whoseC.itsD.that22.___shecoulddowastogobackhome.A.AllwhatB.AllthatC.AllthisD.AllwhichCBB

形容词性从句（定语从句）

主语从句

表语从句复合句名词性从句

宾语从句

同位语从句

副词性从句（状语从句）主语从句主语从句在复合句中做主句的主语。引导主语从句的词有：

连词：thatwhether;

连接代词：whowhatwhich;

连接副词：whenwherehowwhy等

Thathewillcometothepartyexcitedus.Whetheryoucansucceeddependsonyourself.

Whowonthegameisnowknown.

Whathesaidisright.

Whenweshallmeetagainisunknown.※

①that一般置于句首，引导的是一个完整的陈述句②that在从句中无任何意义，不作成分，只起连接作用，但不可以省略有时，为了平衡句子结构或为了表示强调，常用it作形式主语，把that引导的主语从句放到后面。

常用的句式主要有：It+be+形容词+that从句

常用的形容词有:likely,right,wrong,certain,necessary,important,natural,strange,obvious,clear等Itisnecessarythatwe(should)buyaChinese-Englishdictionary.Itislikelythattherewillbeasnowstormtomorrow.※在“Itisnecessary/important/strange/natural+that从句”结构中，从句谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”，should也可省略。It+be+名词+that从句常用的名词有：apity,ashame,afact,anhonor,awonder,nowonder,goodnews等Itisapitythatyoudidn’tattendthelecture.Itisnowonderthatyouhaveachievedsomuchsuccess.It+be+动词-ed+that从句常用的动词-ed形式：said,believed,hoped,reported,told,thought,advised,decided,

suggested,ordered等Itissaidthatthefamouswriterwillvisitourschoolnextweek.Itwassuggestedthateachstudent(should)singasonginEnglish.※在“Itisadvised/decided/suggested/ordered+that从句”结构中，从句谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”，should也可省略。It+特殊动词+that从句常用的动词有:happen,(doesn’t)matter,occur,make…difference等IthappenedthatIknewhowtodealwithit.Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.表语从句

表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语，放在系动词之后。引导表语从句的词有：

连词：thatwhether;连接代词：whowhatwhich;连接副词：whenwherehowwhy另外，because,asif/though也可引导表语从句。

Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathedidn’tgetupontime.

Thequestioniswhetherhewillcomeornot.Changshaisnotwhatitusedtobe.Thisishowwegotoutoftroublethen.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.※①that在从句中无任何意义，不作成分，只起连接作用，但不可以省略②当主语为advice,decision,demand,suggestion,order等表示要求、主张、建议、命令的词时，从句谓语动词为“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。Myadviceisthatyou(should)stopsmoking.

同位语从句

同位语从句在句子中起同位语的作用。它一般跟在某些名词（

fact,idea,news,promise等）的后面，用以说明或解释前面的名词。引导同位语从句的有连词that,少数情况也用whether,how,when,where,why等。

Thenews

thattheywonthematchistrue.Thestudentaskedmethequestion

whetherthebookwasworthreading.

※①that在从句中无任何意义，不作成分，只起连接作用，但不可以省略.②同位语从句与定语从句的区别：Thenewsthattheywonthegameistrue.Thenews（that）youtoldusistrue.

a.从意义上讲，前者对名词加以解释说明，后者对名词进行修饰、限定。b.从结构上讲，前者由连词that引导，不作成分，不可省略，后者由关系词引导，代替先行词在从句中作某个成分，作宾语时可省略。

填入适当的引导词1.______hewantsisabook2.______hewantstogothereisobvious.

3.Is_____hetoldustrue?

4.Ithasbeenproved____eatingvegetablesinchildhoodhelpstoprotectyouagainstseriousillnessinlaterlife.5.______wasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamily.6.____mattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.7.Itisnoneofyourbusiness

____otherpeoplethinkaboutyou.Believeyourself.8.____parentssayanddohasalife-longeffectontheirchildren.

9.____hewillcomehereonWednesdayisnotcertain.10.____hecamehereisnotknown.11.____hewillgoornotisnotclear.12.____willtakepartinthephysicscontestwillbeannouncedthisafternoon.1.(08北京卷)Thecompaniesareworkingtogethertocreate

theyhopewillbethebestmeansoftransportinthe21stcentury.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.who2.(08上海春卷)Thenews_____ourathleteswonanothergoldmedalwasreportedinyesterday’snewspaperA.whichB.whetherC.whatD.that3.(08上海春卷)______wearesureaboutistheneedtopreventchildrenfrombeingspoiledA.WhatB.WhichC.WhetherD.That

4.(08上海卷)Ashisbestfriend,Icanmakeaccurateguessesabout_____hewilldoorthink.A.whatB.whichC.whomD.that5.(08上海卷)Ithasbeenproved____eatingvegetablesinchildhoodhelpstoprotectyouagainstseriousillnessinlaterlife.A.ifB.becauseC.whenD.that6.(08天津卷)Thelasttimewehadgreatfunwas_____wewerevisitingtheWaterPark.A.whereB.howC.whenD.why7.(08重庆卷)PeopleinChongqingareproudof___

theyhaveachievedinthepasttenyears.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how8.(08安徽卷)Studentsarealwaysinterestedinfindingout___theycangowithanewteacher.A.howfarB.howsoonC.howoftenD.howlong9.(08浙江卷)______wantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway.A.AnyoneB.TheoneC.WhoeverD.Who10.(08浙江卷)Somechildrenwanttochallengethemselvesbylearningalanguagedifferentfrom___theirparentsspeakathome.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.one11.(08湖南卷)Whenasked_____theyneededmost,thekidssaidtheywantedtofeelimportantandloved.A.whatB.whyC.whomD.which12.(08陕西卷)TomorrowisTom’sbirthday.Haveyougotanyideathepartyistobeheld?A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where13.(08福建卷)_____isknowntousallisthattheOlympicGameswilltakeplaceinBeijing.A.ItB.WhatC.AsD.Which14.(08山东卷)______wasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamily.A.It B.This C.What D.As1.____mattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.[2007全国卷II]

A.WhatB.WhyC.Where D.Which2.______hereferredtoinhisarticlewasunknowntothegeneralreader.[2007上海卷]A.ThatB.What C.WhetherD.Where3.Thetraditionalviewis______wesleepbecauseourbrainis“programmed”tomakeusdoso.[2007上海卷]A.whenB.why C.whether D.that4.CouldIspeakto

isinchargeofInternationalSales,please?[2007山东卷]A．anyoneB．someoneC．whoeverD．Nomatterwho5.Youcanonlybesureof_________youhaveatpresent;youcannotbesureofsomething_____youmightgetinthefuture.[2007安徽卷]A.that;whatB.what;/ C.which;that D./;that6.—Where’sthatreport?—Ibroughtittoyou____youwereinMr.Black'sofficeyesterday.[2007北京卷]A.ifB.whenC.becauseD.before7.Itisnoneofyourbusiness

otherpeoplethinkaboutyou.Believeyourself.[2007福建卷]A.how B.what C.whichD.when8.Havingcheckedthedoorswereclosed,and_________allthelightswereoff,theboyopenedthedoortohisbedroom.[2007湖南卷]A.whyB.thatC.whenD.where9.Choosingtherightdictionarydependson______youwanttouseitfor.[2007江苏卷]A.what B.why C.howD.whether10.

parentssayanddohasalife-longeffectontheirchildren.[2007陕西卷]11.Byimprovingreadingskills,youcanreadfasterandunderstandmoreof

youread．[2007上海春] A．that B．what C．whichD.whether1.(安徽06)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschool.Itisnolonger_______itwas20yearsago,_______itwassopoorlyequipped.A.what;whenB.that;whichC.what;whichD.when;that2.(辽宁06)Doyouhaveanyidea_______isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?A.thatB.whatC.asD.which3.(全国I/II06)Marywroteanarticleon______theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.A.whyB.whatC.whoD.that4.(广东06)Someresearchersbelievethatthereisnodoubt_______acureforAIDSwillbefound.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether5.(重庆06)Theoldlady’shandshookfrequently.Sheexplainedtoherdoctor_______thisshakinghadbegunhalfayearbefore,and_______,onlybecauseofthis,shehadbeenforcedtogiveupherjob.A.when;howB.how;whenC.how;howD.why;why6.(江苏06)-Don’tyouthinkitnecessarythathe_toMiamibuttoNewYork?-Iagree,butthepro