Unit 2 Great People （A卷夯实基础）-（牛津译林版）（解析版）

班级姓名学号分数Unit2GreatPeople（A卷·夯实基础）（时间：60分钟，满分：100分）一、选择题（共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1.（2021•临邑县开学）Gilbert_______electricityandEdison________theelectriclightbulb.（）A.discovered；invented B.discovered；discovered C.invented；invented D.invented；discovered【答案】A【解析】考查同义词."发现"应用discover，指发现早已存在的事物或东西；"发明"应用invent，指发明从未存在过的东西.第一个空，结合语境"吉尔伯特___电".可知，应该是"发现"，用discovered.第二个空，结合语境"爱迪生__了电灯泡.".可知，应该是"发明"，用invented.选A.2.（2020春•和平区期中）Hurryup!Theplay___________fortenminutes.（）A.hasbeenon B.hasbegun C.hadbegun D.began【答案】A【解析】考查现在完成时态.本句描述的是从过去一直持续到现在的动作，故用现在完成时态.begin是瞬间动词，不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用.beon上演.现在完成时态用be的现在分词been.3.（2020•兴化市模拟）Thecarwas______________andcrashedontheroad.（）A.incontrol B.outofcontrol C.undercontrol D.withcontrol【答案】B【解析】根据题意：这辆车失控了，撞在路上.由crashedontheroad可知是失控了，结合选项，A.控制B.失控C.处于控制之下D.随着控制，选项B符合题意，故选B4.（2020•江苏模拟）Shallwegoshoppingnow？Sorry，Ican't.I____myshirts.（）A.wash B.washes C.washed D.amwashing【答案】D【解析】根据题意：我们现在去购物吗？对不起，我正在洗我的衬衣.由sorry可推出我不能去，原因是我正在洗衣服，所以用现在进行时be+doing，故选D.5.（2020•兴化市模拟）Excuseme，lookatthesignoverthere，please.Couldyoustopsmoking？Sorry，I____that.（）A.didn'tsee B.don'tsee C.won'tsee D.can'tsee【答案】A【解析】根据Couldyoustopsmoking？Sorry，I____that.可知这里应该是说过去没有看到这个标志，所以时态用一般过去时.see是一个实意动词，否定形式加助动词did.故选A.6.（2020秋•麻城市期末）﹣﹣﹣Whichwouldyoulike，teaorcoffee？﹣﹣﹣Either_____OK，butIprefercoffee_____milk.（）A.is，has B.are，with C.is，with D.are，has【答案】C【解析】考查系动词.句意"﹣﹣你喜欢哪一种，茶还还是咖啡？﹣﹣任何一个都可以，但我喜欢加牛奶的咖啡.".Either两者中的任何一个，做主语时，谓语动词用单数.因此B，D不正确.表示加牛奶的咖啡，伴随关系，用介词with.A不正确.答案是C.7.（2020春•杜尔伯特县期中）Ibelievethatthosemountains__________withtreesinafewyears.（）A.arecovered B.willbecovered C.arecovering D.willcover【答案】B【解析】考查被动语态.根据句意"我相信在几年内那些山将被树覆盖"，可知要用一般将来时的被动语态，一般将来时的被动语态的构成是willbe+过去分词，故答案为：B.8.（2020秋•房山区校级月考）Asshe___________thenewspaper，Granny__________asleep.（）A.read；wasfalling B.wasreading；fell C.wasreading；wasfalling D.read；fell【答案】B【解析】根据Asshe___________thenewspaper，Granny__________asleep.可知这里as引导的句子用进行时，而主句用一般时，这里的动作发生在过去，所以as引导的句子用过去进行时，主句用一般过去时，故选B.9.（2020•曲靖）﹣Lookattheclouds，sobeautiful!﹣Wow，somanydifferent____，horses，sheep，flowers.（）A.sizes B.shapes C.colors D.styles【答案】B【解析】size尺寸；shape形状；color颜色；style风格；根据答语horses，sheep，flowers可知这是说的云的形状各不相同，所以应用名词复数shapes.10.（2020•兴安盟）﹣Yourshoesaresoold.Whydon'tyoubuyanewpair？﹣BecauseI______allmymoneyonanMP5.（）A.spend B.havespent C.amspending D.wasspending【答案】B【解析】考查现在完成时态的用法：它表示过去发生或完成的事情对现在造成的影响和结果.现在完成时的结构是have/has+动词的过去分词，根据Yourshoesaresoold.Whydon'tyoubuyanewpair？鞋现在是旧的却不买新的可知，我已经把钱花在了买MP5上了二、完形填空（共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）（2021秋•秭归县期末）Winteriscoldanditcanbe（1）foranimalstofindfoodduringwinter.Theygetthroughwinterinmany（2）.Wouldyouliketogotoa（3）placeforthewinter？That's（4）migratoryanimalsdo.Whentheweatherstartsto（5）cold，migratoryanimalslikebirdsandbutterfliesflytoawarmerplace，andthentheycomebackin（6）.（7）goodwaytogetthroughwinteristosleepthrough（8）.Manyanimalshideandsleepduringthewinter.Theirbodytemperaturedropsandheartsbeatmore（9）.Thishelpsthemtosavetheirenergy.Theydonoteat.Theyliveofftheirfat.They（10）whentheweathergetswarmer.Wecallthishibernation（冬眠）.Snakes，frogsand（11）hibernateinwinter.Manyanimalsstayactiveinwinterandadapttothecoldweather.Someanimalssavefoodinsummerandautumnandeatitinwinter.Thisiswhatsquirrelsdo.Otheranimals（12）changesintheirbodiesorbehavior.Tokeepwarm，someanimalsgrow（13）coatsinwinter.Someanimalseatdifferentkindsoffoodasthe（14）change.Theredfoxeatsfruitandinsectsintheotherthreeseasons，buteatssmallrodentsinwinter.Otheranimalschange（15）.Thearcticfoxisbrowninsummer.Itscoatturnswhiteinwinter.Howdoyoulivethroughthewinter？Doyouwearathickcoat？Doyoustayinside？Ordoyouliveinawarmplace？（1）A.easyB.differentC.difficultD.interesting（2）A.plansB.waysC.roadsD.seasons（3）A.warmB.quietC.goodD.cold（4）A.whenB.howC.whatD.where（5）A.getB.stopC.takeD.make（6）A.winterB.autumnC.summerD.spring（7）A.OtherB.AnotherC.TheotherD.Others（8）A.itB.themC.herD.him（9）A.easilyB.slowlyC.quicklyD.hard（10）A.wakeupB.getupC.turnupD.putup（11）A.ducksB.sheepC.dogsD.bears（12）A.do.planC.makeD.have（13）A.smallerB.thinnerC.thickerD.larger（14）A.daysB.monthsC.seasonsD.years（15）A.coatsB.housesC.foodD.colors【答案】CBACADBABADCCCD【解答】（1）C考查形容词。easy容易的；different不同的；difficult困难的；interesting有趣的。根据winteriscold可知，动物很难在冬天找到食物，冬天很冷，动物在冬天很难找到食物。故选C。（2）B考查名词。plan计划；way方法；road道路；season季节。根据下文介绍可知，此处指的是方法，句意：他们在许多方法度过了冬天。故选B。（3）A考查形容词。warm暖和的；quiet安静的；good好的；cold寒冷的。根据Whentheweatherstartsto___cold，migratoryanimalslikebirdsandbutterfliesflytoawarmerplace，andthentheycomebackin可知，此处指的是暖和的，句意：你想去一个温暖的地方过冬吗？故选A。（4）C考查疑问词。when何时；how如何；what什么；where哪儿；句意：这就是迁徙动物所做的。此处是what引导的表语从句，且在从句中作宾语，故选C。（5）A考查动词。get得到；stop停止；take拿走；make制造。getcold变冷，固定短语，句意：当天气开始变冷时，候鸟和蝴蝶等候鸟飞到一个温暖的地方，然后它们在春天回来。故选A。（6）D考查名词。winter冬天；autumn秋天；summer夏天；spring春天。根据常识可知，春天气温慢慢变得暖和了，句意：当天气开始变冷时，候鸟和蝴蝶等候鸟飞到一个温暖的地方，然后它们在春天回来。故选D。（7）B考查代词。other其它的；another另外的；theother其它的；others其它的。根据句意：度过冬天的另一个好方法是睡觉。故选B。（8）A考查代词。it它；them它们；her她；him他，句意：度过冬天的另一个好方法是睡觉。此处要用it指代winter，故选A。（9）B考查副词。easily容易地；slowly慢慢地；quickly迅速地；hard努力地。根据Thishelpsthemtosavetheirenergy.Theydonoteat.Theyliveofftheirfat.可知，此处指的是心跳的更慢，句意：他们的体温下降，心跳得更慢。故选B。（10）A考查动词短语。wakeup醒来；getup起床；turnup开大；putup张贴。根据Manyanimalshideandsleepduringthewinter可知，此处指的是醒来，句意：当天气变暖时，他们醒来。故选A。（11）D考查名词。A.ducks鸭子；B.sheep羊；C.dogs狗；D.bears熊。根据常识可知，熊在冬天冬眠，句意：蛇、青蛙和熊在冬天冬眠。故选D。（12）C考查动词。do做；plan计划；make制作；have有。makechanges做出改变，使发生变化，句意：其他动物的身体或行为发生变化。故选C。（13）C考查形容词。smaller更小的；thinner更瘦的；thicker更厚的；larger更大的。根据Tokeepwarm可知，此处指的是更厚的，句意：为了保暖，一些动物在冬天长出更厚的外套。故选C。（14）C考查名词。days天；months月；seasons季（节）；years年。根据语境，随着季节的变化，有些动物吃不同种类的食物。句意：随着季节的变化，有些动物吃不同种类的食物。故选C。（15）D考查名词。coats外套；houses住宅；food食物；colors颜色。根据Thearcticfoxisbrowninsummer.Itscoatturnswhiteinwinter.可知，此处指的是颜色，句意：其他动物改变颜色。故选D。三、阅读理解（共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）Awell﹣knownpoembyTangdynastypoetDuMutellsofasceneinearlyApril："RainsfallheavilyasQingmingcomes，andpassersbywithloweredspiritsgo."ThisscenetakesplaceonTombSweepingDay，alsoknownasQingmingFestival.TombSweepingDayisatraditionalChinesefestival.TombSweepingDayisatraditionalChinesefestival.ItbeganintheZhoudynasty，over2，500yearsago.Chinesepeoplecelebrateittorememberandhonortheirancestors（祖先）.Thisyear，itfallsonApril4.TombSweepingDaybecameapublicholidayintheChinesemainlandin2008.Peoplehaveonedayoffforthatday.Onthisday，familiesbringflowers，foodandwinetothegravesites（墓地）oftheirancestors.Theyplacecakes，fruitsinfrontofthegravesandsomemaybumjosspaper，asmoneyforthedead.Afterthat，theysweepthetombsandcherish（怀念）thememoriesoftheirdeadfamilymembers.TombSweepingDaygivesusachancetoshowrespecttoourancestorsandfamilymemberswhohavepassedawayandshowthatwemissthem.ThistraditionshowsthatfamilyvaluesareanimportantpartofChineseculture.TombSweepingDayisalsothebeginningofthetimeforgardeningandoutdooractivitiesinChina.Familiesoftengettogetherforoutingsortoflykitesatthistime.（1）TheChinesemeaningoftheunderlinedword"passersby"is.A.故人B.陌生人C.行人D.古代人（2）TombSweepingDayiscelebratedforpeopleto.A.goouttoflykitesB.haveapublicholidayC.rememberandhonortheirancestorsD.gettogetherwiththeirfamilies（3）Whatcanpeopletaketothegravesitesaccordingtothepassage？A.Flowers，food，wineandjosspaper.B.Flowers，food，fruitsandumbrellas.C.Food，fruits.josspaperandkites.D.Flowers，wineandpets.（4）WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage？A.WehaveonedayoffforTombSweepingDay.B.PeopleintheworldcelebrateTombSweepingDay.C.TombSweepingDaybeganintheZhoudynasty.D.FamilyvaluesplayanimportantroleinChineseculture.（5）Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss？A.Peoplebringmanythingstothegravesite.B.DuMuwroteapoemaboutQingmingFestival.C.QingmingFestivalisagoodtimeforoutdooractivities.D.TomeSweepingDayisatraditionalChinesefestival.【答案】CCABD【解析】1.C.细节理解题.根据杜牧的诗句RainsfallheavilyasQingmingcomes，andpassersbywithloweredspiritsgo.清明时节雨纷纷、路上行人欲断魂可知passersby值得是行人，所以该选C.2.C.细节理解题.根据第二段中TombSweepingDayisatraditionalChinesefestival.ItbeganintheZhoudynasty，over2，500yearsago.Chinesepeoplecelebrateittorememberandhonortheirancestors（祖先）.可知中国人庆祝清明节来记住和尊敬他们的祖先.所以该选C.3.A.细节理解题.根据第三段中Onthisday.familiesbringflowers，foodandwinetothegravesites（墓地）oftheirancestors.Theyplacecakes，fruitsinfrontofthegraveandsomemaybumjosspaper，asmoneyforthedead.可知在这一天人们带着鲜花、食品、酒和纸钱到墓地纪念他们的祖先.所以该选A.4.B.细节理解题.根据第二段中TombSweepingDayisatraditionalChinesefestival.可知清明节是一个传统的中国节日，不是全世界的人都会过的节日.所以该选B.5.D.细节理解题.TombSweepingDayisatraditionalChinesefestival.该文主要介绍了中国的传统节日清明节，所以该选D.B（2021秋•营口期末）Manypeopleattendphysicalexerciseeveryday.Forthefirsttimeinrecent10years，theUnitedStatesgovernmenthaschangeditsguidance（指导）onhowmuchexercisepeopleneedtostayhealthyandwhentheyshouldstart.Thenewguidancesaysthatchildrenasyoungas3yearsoldneedtoexercise.Earlierguidanceusedtobeginattheageof6.Dr.Giriorsaysthatthemostimportanttimeforchildrentobeginexercisingisbetween3and5.Henotesthatboysandgirlsinthisagegroupneedatleastthreehoursofactivitieseveryday.Doctorssayitisimportanttobeginatayoungage.Theyaddthatfromthebirthtotheageof5，achild'sbraindevelopsmorethanatanyothertimeinlife.Thesedevelopmentshavealastingeffectonachild'sabilitytolearnandtosucceedinstudyandinlife.Asforchildrenbetween6and17，atleastonehouraday.Foradults，thesuggestedtimeforexerciseremainsthesame150minutesperweek.However，thosepeoplewhoareovertheageof65shouldincludeactivitiesthathelptheirbalance.Betterbalancemeansfewerfallsandlesschancesofinjury.Manypeopleareexcitedandsatisfiedwiththisguidance.Butsomefindthatithaschangednothingaboutthedangersofsittingtoomuch.Becausetherearestilllotsofpeoplewhosittoomucheveryday.Itisharmfulandcanevenundo（破坏）thebenefitsofexerciseyoumayhavegotten.Becauseofthat，let'ssitlessandstartyoung.（1）Whatisthedifferenceofthenewguidancefromtheold？A.Thetimepeopleshouldspendontheirstudy.B.Thesubjectpeopleshouldtake.C.Theageofchildrenshouldbegintoexercise.D.Theactivitiespeopleshoulddo.（2）Childrenbetween3and5shouldexerciseforatleasthoursaweek.A.threeB.sevenC.fifteenD.twenty﹣one（3）Whydoctorsbelievechildrenshouldattendphysicalactivitiesatanearlyage？A.Becausetheyhavemorefreetimetoplay.B.Becausetheycanlearnthingsveryfast.C.Becausetheirparentsexpectthemtoattendthem.D.Becausetheyarehelpfulfortheirstudyandlifeinthefuture.（4）Ifpeopleover65takeexerciseasthetimesuggestedincludingactivitiesthathelptheirbalance，theywill.A.reducetheriskoffallsandinjureB.haveagoodsleepatnightC.neverfallandinjurewhileexercisingD.fallandinjureeasilythanbefore（5）Somepeoplewhomaynotbesatisfiedwiththenewguidance.A.don'twanttotakeexerciseB.worksintheofficeC.don'tworkanymoreD.believetakingtooexerciseisharmful【答案】CDDAB【解析】（1）C.细节理解题。根据第二段Thenewguidancesaysthatchildrenasyoungas3yearsoldneedtoexercise.Earlierguidanceusedtobeginattheageof6.新的指导意见称，3岁的儿童就需要锻炼。早期的指导称从6岁开始，可知新旧指导的差异在于儿童几岁开始锻炼。故选C。（2）D.细节推理题。根据第二段Dr.Giriorsaysthatthemostimportanttimeforchildrentobeginexercisingisbetween3and5.Henotesthatboysandgirlsinthisagegroupneedatleastthreehoursofactivitieseveryday.Girior博士说，儿童开始锻炼的最重要时间是3到5岁之间。他指出，这个年龄段的男孩和女孩每天至少需要3个小时的活动。据此推断三到五岁的孩子每个星期应该锻炼至少21个小时。故选D。（3）D.细节理解题。根据第三段Doctorssayitisimportanttobeginatayoungage.Theyaddthatfromthebirthtotheageof5，achild'sbraindevelopsmorethanatanyothertimeinlife.Thesedevelopmentshavealastingeffectonachild'sabilitytolearnandtosucceedinstudyandinlife.医生说，小时候开始锻炼很重要。他们补充说，从出生到5岁，孩子的大脑比一生中任何时候都发育得多。这些发展对孩子的学习能力以及在学习和生活中取得成功有着持久的影响，可知儿童应该从小锻炼的原因是对未来的学习和生活有影响。故选D。（4）A.细节推理题。根据第四段However，thosepeoplewhoareovertheageof65shouldincludeactivitiesthathelptheirbalance.Betterbalancemeansfewerfallsandlesschancesofinjury.然而，那些65岁以上的人应该参加有助于平衡的活动。更好的平衡意味着更少的摔倒和受伤的机会。据此推断参加应该参加有助于平衡的活动的65岁以上的老人将会减少摔倒和受伤的机会。故选A。（5）B.推理判断题。根据最后一段Butsomefindthatithaschangednothingaboutthedangersofsittingtoomuch.Becausetherearestilllotsofpeoplewhosittoomucheveryday.但一些人发现，这并没有改变久坐的危害。因为仍然有很多人每天坐得太久，据此推断在办公室上班的人可能对这个新的指导不满意。故选B。四、翻译句子（共10小题，每小题3分，共30分）1.（2021•江苏二模）你认为史上最伟大的人是谁？________________________________________.【答案】Whodoyouthinkisthegreatestpersoninhistory？【解析】这里是一个特殊疑问句，说的是客观事实用一般疑问句，疑问词是who，最伟大的人用最高级thegreatestperson是单数故选择is，加上范围inhistory，故Whoisthegreatestpersoninhistory？加上插入语doyouthink表示你认为，故答案是Whodoyouthinkisthegreatestpersoninhistory？2.这是一个美国公民可得到的最高奖项.________________________________________.【答案】ThisisthehighestawardthatanAmericancitizencanreceive.【解析】考查汉译英.根据汉语句子，可知句子是一般现在时，Thisisthehighestaward这是一个最高的奖项，后接that引导的定语从句，anAmericancitizen一个美国公民，情态动词can后接动词原形receive得到.故答案为ThisisthehighestawardthatanAmericancitizencanreceive.3.因为他的出色表现，尼尔.阿姆斯特朗被授予自由勋章.________________________________________.【答案】Becauseofhisexcellentperformance.NeilArmstrongwasawardedthemedaloffreedom.【解析】考查汉译英.根据汉语句子，可知Becauseof因为，是复合介词，其后接名词短语.hisexcellentperformance他的出色表现.时态为一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was\were+done.主语是NeilArmstrong单数，所以用wasawarded，themedaloffreedom自由勋章.故答案为Becauseofhisexcellentperformance.NeilArmstrongwasawardedthemedaloffreedom.4.西蒙回到家后，打开电脑查看他的电子邮件.________________________________________.【答案】WhenSimongothome，heturnedonhiscomputerandcheckedhisemail.【解析】此句是含有时间状语从句的主从复合句，用when来引导时间状语从句，回到家gethome，打开turnon，查看check，根据句意"西蒙回到家后，打开电脑查看他的电子邮件"可知，主句和从句都用一般过去时，故答案为：WhenSimongothome，heturnedonhiscomputerandcheckedhisemail.5.对一个人说，这是一小步；对于整个人类来说，是一次巨大的飞跃.________________________________________.【答案】Thisisonesmallstepforman，butonegiantleapforman