翻译二级笔译综合能力阅读分类模拟题158

翻译二级笔译综合能力阅读分类模拟题158ReadingComprehension

Thedaythissmalltowntolditsresidentstostopdrinking（江南博哥）thewater,lifeonGlendaleBoulevardturnedfromquiettoalarming.Onecoupledecidedtoimmediatelyputtheirhouseupforsale.Anotherfrettedovertheiryoungsonandthebabywhowouldsoonarrive.Andupthestreet,onemomfeltarisingindignationthatwouldturnherintoanactivistdeterminedtorestrictthechemicalscontaminatingherfamily'sdrinkingwater—andthatofmillionsofotherAmericans.

ThatlateJulyday,thistownalongthebanksoftheKalamazooRiverbecamethelatestcommunityaffectedbyaubiquitousclassofcompoundsknownaspolyfluoroalkylandperfluoroalkylsubstances,orPFAS.Foryears,callsforthefederalgovernmenttoregulatethechemicalshavebeenunsuccessful,andlastyeartheTrumpadministrationtriedtoblockpublicationofastudyurgingamuchlowerthresholdofexposure.

Theman-madechemicalshavelongbeenusedinawiderangeofconsumerproducts,includingnonstickcookware,water-repellentfabricsandgrease-resistantpaperproducts,aswellasinfirefightingfoams.Butexposureshavebeenassociatedwithanarrayofhealthproblems,amongthemthyroiddisease,weakenedimmunity,infertilityrisksandcertaincancers.Thecompoundsdonotbreakdownintheenvironment.

InParchment,wheretheywereonceusedbyalong-shutteredpapermill,testsfoundPFASlevelsinthewatersysteminexcessof1,500partspertrillion—morethan20timestheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency'srecommendedlifetimeexposurelimitof70partspertrillion.Localofficialspromptlyalertedresidents.Michiganofficialsdeclaredastateofemergency.Peoplestartedpickingupfreecasesofbottledwateratthehighschool.Withinweeks,thetownabandonedthemunicipalwellsthathadserved3,000peopleandbegangettingwaterfromnearbyKalamazoo."Thisisnotaproblemyoucanrunawayfrom,"saidParchmentresidentTammyCooper,whohasbecomeanoutspokenadvocateforbetterregulation."ThereareParchmentsacrossthecountry."

HarvardUniversityresearcherssaypublicdrinking-watersuppliesservingmorethan6millionAmericanshavetestedforthechemicalsatorabovetheEPA'sthreshold—whichmanyexpertsargueshouldbefarlowertosafeguardpublichealth.Thelevelisonlyanagencyguideline;thefederalgovernmentdoesnotregulatePFAS.Thecompounds'presencehasrattledcommunitiesfromHoosickFalls,N.Y.,toTucson.Theyhavebeenparticularlyprevalentonornearmilitarybases,whichhavelongusedPFAS-ladenfoamsintrainingexercises.

BothhousesofCongressheldhearingsontheproblemlastyear,andlawmakersintroducedbillstocompelthegovernmenttotestforPFASchemicalsnationwideandtorespondwhereverwaterandsoilpollutedbythemarefound.InlateNovember,theheadoftheEPAvowedthattheagencywouldsoonunveila"nationalstrategy"toaddressthesituation.Affectedcommunitiesarestillwaiting."Therearesomeveryrealhumanimpactsfromthisstuff,"saidErikOlson,adrinking-waterexpertfortheNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil."Mostpeoplehavenoideatheyarebeingexposed."

MichiganisoneofthefewstateswhereofficialsaretryingtodeterminetheextentofPFAScontamination.Healthofficialsundertookstatewideteststhisyearacross1,380publicwatersuppliesandatmorethan400schoolsthatoperatetheirownwells."Whenwelookforit,wetendtofindit,"saidEdenWells,thestate'schiefmedicalexecutive.Yetdetectionraisesdifficultquestions,giventhelackofregulationinvolvingPFASinwaterandtheevolvingresearchonitslong-termhealtheffects."Manyofourresponsesareoutstrippingthescientificknowledgeweneed,"Wellssaid.

Moreisknownabouttwoparticulartypesofthechemicals,perfluorooctanesulfonate(PFOS)andperfluorooctanoicacid(PFOA),whichcompaniesphasedoutyearsagoamidgrowingevidencethatbothwereendingupinthebloodofnearlyeveryAmerican.ButthousandsofotherPFASchemicalsremaininuse—amongthemanythreats,includingarsenicandlead,todrinkingwaternationwide.

(选自《华盛顿邮报》2019年1月5日)1.

Thephrase"frettedover"underlinedinParagraph1mostprobablymeans______.A.movedoverB.worriedaboutC.talkedaboutD.thoughtover正确答案：B[解析]语义题。fretover意为“担忧”，故正确答案为B。

2.

AccordingtoParagraph2,lastyeartheTrumpadministration______.A.triedtoregulatethechemicalsB.failedtoregulatethechemicalsC.triedtocoverthetruthaboutthechemicalsD.triedtosupportpublicationofastudyurgingamuchlowerthresholdofexposure正确答案：C[解析]细节题。根据题干关键词定位第2段最后一句。分析语意可知，特朗普政府试图阻止一项研究的发表，该研究敦促将PFAS接触量标准降低，故正确答案为C(试图掩盖有关PFAS化学物质的真相)。

3.

Exposurestotheman-madechemicalshavebeenassociatedwiththefollowinghealthproblemsEXCEPT______.A.inabilitytogetpregnantB.cancersC.destructionofimmunesystemD.thyroiddisease正确答案：C[解析]细节题。根据题干关键词定位第3段第1句，第2句提到了与之相关的健康问题，与选项对比后可知C与原文(免疫力下降)不符，故正确答案为C(免疫系统毁坏)。

4.

Inthesentence"ThereareParchmentsacrossthecountry."underlinedinParagraph4,theauthorusestherhetoricaldevicetermed______.A.personificationB.metaphorC.simileD.hyperbole正确答案：B[解析]修辞题。Parchments指代与Parchment遭遇相同的其他地方，故正确答案为B(暗喻)。

5.

Theword"rattled"underlinedinParagraph5mostprobablymeans______.A.involvedB.devastatedC.concernedD.panicked正确答案：D[解析]语义题。rattle意为“使恐惧”，故D为正确答案。

6.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofPFAS?______A.Itisaubiquitousclassofcompounds.B.ItsminimumleveloflifetimeexposuresetbyEPAis70partspertrillion.C.Itisnotregulatedbythefederalgovernment.D.Itaffectsmorethan6millionAmericans.正确答案：D[解析]推断题。根据选项定位第4、5段，仔细比对后可知D与原文不符，因为原文提到“涉及600万美国人的饮用水得到检测”，而非受PFAS影响，故正确答案为D。

7.

Theauthor'sattitudetowardEPAseemstobe______.A.confidentB.supportiveC.doubtfulD.objective正确答案：C[解析]态度题。第6段第2句提到美国环保署署长发誓会很快出台“国家战略”，但许多受感染的社区仍在等待，其中的双引号是对这种承诺的怀疑和讽刺，故正确答案为C。

8.

ThelastsentenceofParagraph7impliesthat______.A.healthofficialsaretryingtodetectPFASwiththeneededscientificknowledgeB.healthofficialsaretryingtolookforthescientificknowledgetheyneedC.researchonPFASisnotsufficientenoughforwhathealthofficialsaretryingtodoD.regulationinvolvingPFASisnotsufficientenoughforwhathealthofficialsaretryingtodo正确答案：C[解析]推断题。根据语篇逻辑，此句是对前句的具体说明，即目前检测工作面临困难，原因有二：缺乏对饮用水中PFAS含量的监管；缺乏有关PFAS对健康产生长期影响的研究。此句字面意思为“我们的许多反应胜过我们所需的科学知识”，科学知识是研究得来的，此句的隐含意义就是“研究不足，无法满足我们的行动”，故正确答案为C。

9.

Fromthelastparagraph,welearnthatPFOSandPFOA______.A.areknownbymorepeopleB.arenotPFASchemicalsC.arenolongerinuseD.arefoundinthebloodofnearlyeveryAmerican正确答案：C[解析]细节题。根据题干关键词定位最后一段，根据定语从句的语义可知：数年前各公司便已停止使用这两种化学物质，故C为正确答案。

10.

Themainideaofthepassageis______.A.PFASisgivingrisetogrowingconcernsnationwideB.thefederalgovernmentshoulddomoretoregulatePFASC.PFASisposingthreatstodrinkingwaternationwideD.PFASshouldbebannedbythefederalgovernment正确答案：B[解析]主旨题。本文主要讲述了PFAS可能带来的健康危害以及联邦政府对此问题的重视不足，作者借此呼吁政府采取管控措施，故正确答案为B。

Accordingtoanthropologists,peopleinpre-industrialsocietiesspent3to4hoursperdayorabout20hoursperweekdoingtheworknecessaryforlife.Moderncomparisonsoftheamountofworkperformedperweek,however,beginwiththeIndustrialRevolution(1760—1840)when10-to12-hourworkdayswithsixworkdaysperweekwerethenorm.Evenwithextensivetimedevotedtowork,however,bothincomesandstandardsoflivingwerelow.AsincomesroseneartheendoftheIndustrialRevolution,itbecameincreasinglycommontotreatSaturdayafternoonsasahalf-dayholiday.ThehalfholidayhadbecomestandardpracticeinBritainbythe1870's,butdidnotbecomecommonintheUnitedStatesuntilthe1920's.

IntheUnitedStates,thefirstthirdofthetwentiethcenturysawtheworkweekmovefrom60hoursperweektojustunder50hoursbythestartofthe1930's.In1914HenryFordreduceddailyworkhoursathisautomobileplantsfrom9to8.In1926heannouncedthathenceforthhisfactorieswouldclosefortheentiredayonSaturday.Atthetime,FordreceivedcriticismfromotherfirmssuchasUnitedStatesSteelandWestinghouse,buttheideawaspopularwithworkers.

TheDepressionyearsofthe1930'sbroughtwiththemthenotionofjobsharingtospreadavailableworkaround;theworkweekdroppedtoamodemlowfortheUnitedStatesof35hours.In1938theFairLaborStandardsActmandatedaweeklymaximumof40hourstobeginin1940,andsincethattimethe8-hourday,5-dayworkweekhasbeenthestandardintheUnitedStates.

Adjustmentsinvariousplaces,however,showthatthisstandardisnotimmutable.In1987,forexample,Germanmetalworkersstruckforandreceiveda37.5-hourworkweek;andin1990manyworkersinBritainwona37-hourweek.Since1989,theJapanesegovernmenthasmovedfroma6-toa5-dayworkweekandhassetanationaltargetof1,800workhoursperyearfortheaverageworker.TheaverageamountofworkperyearinJapanin1989was2,088hoursperworker,comparedto1,957fortheUnitedStatesand1,646forFrance.11.

Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?______.A.Thereasonswhypeopleinpre-industrialsocietiesworkedfewhoursperweek.B.Changesthathaveoccurredinthenumberofhoursthatpeopleworkperweek.C.Acomparisonofthenumberofhoursworkedperyearinseveralindustries.D.WorkingconditionsduringtheIndustrialRevolution.正确答案：B[解析]本题为主旨大意题，通读全文可知，本文主要讲述周工作时长的演变——第1段主要讲工业革命时期周工作时长的变化，第2、3段是关于美国20世纪早期的周工作时长变化，最后一段则提到了其他国家的工作时长变化，因此B项为最佳答案。

文章开头提到的前工业化时代人们的工作时长只是作一个引入而没有展开讲，因此A项错误。C项“比较各个行业的年工作时长”，文章是对国家间不同的时长做了简单比较，并不涉及具体行业，因此排除C项。D项“工业革命时期的工作条件”在文中无涉及。

[参考译文]据人类学家称，前工业化社会的人们每天花3—4小时(每周约20小时)完成生活必需的一些工作。现代社会对每周工作量的比较始于工业革命时期(1760—1840)，当时的标准是每周工作6天，每天工作10—12小时。尽管投入工作的时间变长子，人们的收入和生活水平依旧很低。直到工业革命末期，人们的收入有所增加，于是周六下午也逐渐变成每周的休息时间。一直到19世纪70年代前，每周半天假一直是英国的标准做法，而美国则直到20世纪20年代才普及。

20世纪前30年里，美国人每周的工作时间从60小时降到50小时(20世纪30年代初)。1914年，亨利·福特(HenryFord)将其汽车工厂的工作时间从每天9小时降至8小时。1926年他宣布，从此以后每周六工厂将停工一整天。当时福特受到了很多美国工厂的批评，包括全美钢铁和西屋电气，但这一提议很受工人们欢迎。

20世纪30年代的大萧条期间，为了扩散为数不多的工作机会，分享工作的做法开始盛行，当时美国的周工作时长也降至35小时，为现代以来最低。1938年，《公平劳动标准法案》宣布从1940年开始美国实行40小时工作制，从此，每天8小时，每周工作5天成为美国的标准工作制。

此后各地也对此标准做了很多调整，说明该标准也不是一成不变的。比如，1987年，德国金工工人就通过罢工争取到了37.5小时的周工作时长；1990年，英国工人争取到了37小时。自1989年起，日本政府也将工作天数从每周6天改为5天，并规定普通劳动者平均一年的工作时长为1,800小时，而1989年，日本人均每年工作2,088小时，美国为11957小时，法国为1,646小时。

12.

Comparedtopre-industrialtimes,thenumberofhoursintheworkweekinthenineteenthcentury______.A.remainedconstantB.decreasedslightlyC.decreasedsignificantlyD.increasedsignificantly正确答案：D[解析]本题提问前工业化时代和19世纪(即文中提到的工业革命时期)的工作时长比较。由第1段可知，前工业化时代人们每天只工作3—4小时，而19世纪则达到10—12小时，可见时长增加了很多，因此选D项。

A、B、C三项均不符合题意。

13.

ThewordnorminParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.minimumB.exampleC.possibilityD.standard正确答案：D[解析]本题为词义题。norm意为“规范，标准，准则”，因此D项“标准，规范”意思与之最为接近。

A项“最小值；最少”、B项“例子，范例”、C项“可能性”均不符合要求。

14.

ThewordhenceforthinParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______.A.intheendB.forabriefperiodC.fromthattimeonD.onoccasion正确答案：C[解析]本题为词义题。henceforth意为“此后，从今以后”，因此C项“从此”与之意义最为接近。

A项“最终，最后”、B项“短期内”、D项“有时，偶尔”均不符合要求。

15.

TheideamentionedinParagraph2refersto______.A.the6O-hourworkweekB.thereductioninthecostofautomobilesC.thereductionintheworkweekatsomeautomobilefactoriesD.thecriticismofFordbyUnitedStatesSteelandWestinghouse正确答案：C[解析]本题为细节题，首先找到idea所在位置为第2段最后一句，通读第2段可知，此处idea是指亨利·福特提出的周六闭厂一整天，鉴于之前工人只有周六下午可以休息，也就是意味着工人每周工作的时间减少了，因此C项正确。

A、B两项文中均无提及。D项“全美钢铁和西屋电气对福特的批评”，这是对其观点的批评，而并非观点本身的内容，因此排除D项。

16.

WhatisonereasonforthechangeinthelengthoftheworkweekfortheaverageworkerintheUnitedStatesduringthe1930's?______A.Severalpeoplesometimessharedasinglejob.B.LaborstrikesinseveralcountriesinfluencedlaborpolicyintheUnitedStates.C.Severalcorporationsincreasedthelengthoftheworkweek.D.TheUnitedStatesgovernmentinstituteda35-hourworkweek.正确答案：A[解析]本题提问美国20世纪30年代周工作时长变化的原因。由第3段第1句可知是因为大萧条时期工作不多，人们开始分享工作，而人均的工作时长也就产生了变化，因此A项正确。

文中虽然提到了其他国家通过罢工运动降低工作时长，但发生在美国做出调整之后，因此B项错误。C项文中无提及。D项“美国政府实行35小时工作制”是利用35hours设置的干扰项，文中没有提到美国政府有实行这个工作制，这只是因为工作机会不多而导致人们自发采取分享工作这种做法，从而导致周时长降为了35小时，故D项也不选。

17.

WhichofthefollowingismentionedasoneofthepurposesoftheFairLaborStandardsActof1938?______A.Todiscourageworkersfromaskingforincreasedwages.B.Toestablishalimitonthenumberofhoursintheworkweek.C.Toallowemployerstosetthelengthoftheworkweekfortheirworkers.D.Torestricttradewithcountriesthathadalongworkweek.正确答案：B[解析]本题问《公平劳动标准法案》实行的原因。由第3段最后一句可知该法案主要用于规定每周的工作时长上限，因此B项符合要求。

A项“打消工人们要求加薪的念头”、C项“允许雇佣者规定其员工每周的工作时长”和D项“限制与周工作时长过长的国家的贸易往来”这三项在文中均无提及。

18.

ThewordmandatedinParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto______.A.requiredB.recommendedC.eliminatedD.considered正确答案：A[解析]本题为词义题。mandated意为“强制执行；授权”，一般用于法律法规的生效执行，带有一定的强制意味，因此A项“要求”与之最为接近。

B项“推荐”、C项“去除，消除”和D项“考虑”均不符合要求，故都被排除。

19.

ThewordimmutableinParagraph4isclosestinmeaningto______.A.unmatchedB.irregularC.unnecessaryD.unchangeable正确答案：D[解析]本题为词义题。immutable意为“不可改变的，永恒不变的”，因此D项“不可改变的”与之意义最为接近。

A项“不匹配的”、B项“不规则的”、C项“不必要的”，均不符合要求。

20.

WeknowfromthepassagethatallthefollowingareevidencesthatthelengthoftheworkweekhasbeendecliningsincethenineteenthcenturyEXCEPT______.A.Thehalf-dayholidayB.HenryFordC.UnitedStatesSteelandWestinghouseD.Germanmetalworkers正确答案：C[解析]本题提问与工作时长缩短不相关的人物或事件。C项UnitedStatesSteelandWestinghouse“全美钢铁和西屋电气”是对福特提出的周六放假表示反对的两大公司，因此C项符合题目要求。

A项“半天假期”是减少工作时长的开始。B项亨利·福特是美国首个提出周六停工的雇主。D项德国金工工人通过罢工争取到了37.5小时的周工作时长，因此这3项均与工作时长减少有关，不符合题目要求，故都予以排除。

Microbiomehelpsusbydigestingourfood,trainingourimmunesystemsandcrowdingoutotherharmfulmicrobesthatcouldcausedisease.Inreturn,everythingfromthefoodweeattothemedicineswetakecanshapeourmicrobialcommunities—withimportantimplicationsforourhealth.Studieshavefoundthatchangesinourmicrobiomeaccompanymedicalproblemsfromobesitytodiabetestocoloncancer.

Asthesecorrelationshaveunfurled,sohasthehopethatwemightfixtheseailmentsbyshuntingourbugstowardhealthierstates.Thegiganticprobioticsindustrycertainlywantsyoutothinkthat,althoughthereislittleevidencethatswallowingafewbillionyogurt-bornebacteriahasmorethanasmallimpactonthetrillionsinourguts.Theboominggenreofmicrobiomedietbooks—self-helpmanualsforthebacterialself—peddlesasimilarline,eventhoughourknowledgeofmicrobe-manipulatingmenusisstillinitsinfancy.

Thisquestforahealthymicrobiomehasledsomepeopletotakemeasuresthatarefarmoreextremethansimplyspooningupyogurt.InSeptember,thearchaeologywriterJeffLeachusedaturkeybastertoinfusehisgutswiththefecesofaHadzatribesmanfromTanzania.Doctorshavecarriedouthundredsoffecaltransplants,particularlytotreatpeoplewithunshakableinfectionsofthediarrhea-causingbacteriumClostridiumdifficile.Theprocedurehasbeenspectacularlysuccessful,farmorethanconventionalantibiotics.

Mr.LeachexperimentedonhimselfbecauseheviewstheWesternmicrobiomeas"ahotmicrobialmess".HebelievedtheHadza,withtheirtraditionalhunter-gathererlifestyle,carrydiversemicrobialcommunitiesthatarepresumablyclosertoahealthieranddisappearingideal.Hencethestuntwiththeturkeybaster.Thisreasoninginvokesanincreasinglycommontrope:thatthereisa"normal"or"healthy"microbiomethatoneshouldaimfor.Thereisnot.

"Healthy"microbescaneasilyturnrogue.Thoseinourgutsareundoubtedlyhelpful,butiftheycrosstheliningoftheintestineandenterourbloodstream,theycantriggeradebilitatingimmuneresponse.

Conversely,"unhealthy"configurationsofmicrobescanbenormal,evennecessary.Researchersfoundthatmicrobiomesgothroughahugeupheavalbythethirdtrimesterofpregnancy.Theyenduplookinglikethemicrobiomesofpeoplewithmetabolicsyndrome—adisorderthatinvolvesobesity,highbloodsugarandahigherriskofdiabetesandheartdisease.Thesecommunitiesmightindicatesomeoneonthevergeofchronicdisease—ormerelymotherhood.Packingfatandbuildingupbloodsugarmakessensewhenyouarenourishingagrowingfetus.

Themicrobiomeisateemingcollectionofthousandsofspecies,allconstantlycompetingwithoneanother,evolving,changing.Wemustembraceitscomplexityifwehopetobenefitfromit.21.

Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabouttherelationshipbetweenmicrobiomeandhumanhealth?______A.Thegutmicrobiomecanhelppeopleextractthenutrientsfromfoodandexertenormousinfluenceovertheirmetabolism.B.Thehumangutmicrobiomecanadapttoachangingdiet.C.Themicrobiomecancausehealthproblemslikeobesityandcoloncancer.D.Thehumanimmunesystemwillattackmicrobesiftheycrosstheliningoftheintestineandenterbloodstream.正确答案：C

22.

Theword"shunt"underlinedinParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______.A.evadeB.divertC.avoidD.eliminate正确答案：B

23.

Accordingtothepassage,______claim(s)thatprobioticshelpthegrowthofgoodbacteriawhichareessentialtomaintainnormalhealth.A.scientistsB.probioticsindustryC.aHadzatribesmanD.theauthor正确答案：B

24.

WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthearchaeologywriterJeffLeach?______A.Hewasinfectedwiththediarrhea-causingbacteriumClostridiumdifficile.B.HetransplantedthefecesofaHadzatribesmanfromTanzania.C.HewantstoimprovethediversityoftheWesternmicrobiome.D.HebelievesthattheHadzacarryhealthiermicrobiomethanhim.正确答案：A

25.

Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardtheexperimentofthearchaeologywriter?______.A.Approving.B.Disapproving.C.Indifferent.D.Neutral.正确答案：B

26.

Theword"rogue"underlinedinParagraph5isclosestinmeaningto______.A.infashionB.redC.viciousD.rough正确答案：C

27.

Accordingtothepassage,thefollowingmaybethecausesforobesityandhighbloodpressureEXCEPT______.A.unhealthymicrobesB.pregnancyC.metabolicsyndromeD.chronicdisease正确答案：A

28.

Accordingtotheauthor,microbiomeis______.A.healthyB.unhealthyC.normalD.context-dependent正确答案：D

29.

WhichofthefollowingCANNOTbeinferredfromthepassage?______A.Ourmicrobeshaveprobablyadaptedtoourlifestyles.B.Microbiomesvaryaroundtheworld.C.Thesamemicrobescanbebeneficialalliesordangerousthreats.D.Themicrobiomecanonlybereplacedwithsurgery.正确答案：D

30.

Thepurposeofthepassageisto______.A.introducethefunctionofthemicrobiomeB.explainthedynamicnatureofthemicrobiomeC.criticizethedeceptivebehaviorofsomeindustriesD.encouragepeopletolearnmoreaboutthemicrobiome正确答案：B

FrommyinfancyIwasnotedforthedocilityandhumanityofmydisposition.Mytendernessofheartwasevensoconspicuousastomakemethejestofmycompanions.Iwasespeciallyfondofanimals,andwasindulgedbymyparentswithagreatvarietyofpets.WiththeseIspentmostofmytime,andneverwassohappyaswhenfeedingandcaressingthem.Thispeculiarityofcharactergrewwithmygrowth,and,inmymanhood,Iderivedfromitoneofmyprincipalsourcesofpleasure.

Tothosewhohavecherishedanaffectionforafaithfuldog,Ihardlyneedtotakethetroubleofexplainingthenatureortheintensityofthegratificationthusderivable.Thereissomethingintheunselfishandself-sacrificingloveofabrute,whichgoesdirectlytotheheartofthepersonwhohashadfrequentoccasionstotestthepaltryfriendshipandgossamerfidelityofmereMan.

Imarriedearly,andwashappytofindinmywifeadispositionnotuncongenialwithmyown.Observingmypartialityfordomesticpets,shelostnoopportunityofprocuringthoseofthemostagreeablekind.Wehadbirds,gold-fish,afinedog,rabbits,asmallmonkey,andacat.Thislatterwasaremarkablylargeandbeautifulanimal,entirelyblack,andsagacioustoanastonishingdegree.Inspeakingofhisintelligence,mywife,whoatheartwasnotalittletincturedwithsuperstition,madefrequentallusionoftheancientpopularnotion,whichregardedallblackcatsaswitchesindisguise.Notthatshewaseverseriousaboutthispoint—andImentionthematteratallfornobetterreasonthanthatithappens,justnow,toberemembered.

Pluto—thiswasthecat'sname—wasmyfavoritepetandplaymate.Ialonefedhim,andheattendedmewhereverIwentaboutthehouse.ItwasevenwithdifficultythatIcouldpreventhimfromfollowingmethroughthestreets.Ourfriendshiplasted,inthismanner,forseveralyears,duringwhichmygeneraltemperamentandcharacter—throughtheinstrumentalityoftheFiendIntemperance—had(Iblushtoconfessit)experiencedaradicalalterationfortheworse.Igrew,daybyday,moremoody,moreirritable,moreregardlessofthefeelingsofothers.Isufferedmyselftouseintemperatelanguagewithmywife.Atlength,Iwasevenviolentwithher.Mypets,ofcourse,weremadetofeelthechangeinmydisposition.Inotonlyneglected,butill-usedthem.ForPluto,however,Istillretainedsufficientregardtorestrainmefrommaltreatinghim,asImadenoscrupleofmaltreatingtherabbits,themonkey,oreventhedog,whenbyaccident,orthroughaffection,theycameinmyway.

Butmydiseasegrewuponme,andatlengthevenPluto,whowasnowbecomingold,andconsequentlysomewhatpeevish—evenPlutobegantoexperiencetheeffectsofmyilltemper.Onenight,returninghome,muchintoxicated,fromoneofmyhauntsabouttown,Ifanciedthatthecatavoidedmypresence.Iseizedhim;when,inhisfrightatanyviolence,heinflictedaslightwounduponmyhandwithhisteeth.31.

Theauthorofthepassageis______.A.ajesterB.apetloverC.ashort-storythrillerD.apetshopper正确答案：B[解析]推断题。从第1段第3句可知，作者尤其喜欢动物，其父母也放任他养了许多宠物，故正确答案为B(一名宠物爱好者)。

32.

______issimilarinmeaningtotheunderlinedpartinParagraph1.A.Thepersonwho