翻译二级笔译综合能力模拟42

翻译二级笔译综合能力模拟42Section1VocabularyandGrammarThissectionconsistsof3parts.Readthedirectionsfor（江南博哥）eachpartbeforeansweringthequestions.Part1VocabularySelectionInthispart,thereare20incompletesentences.Beloweachsentence,thereare4choicesmarkedbylettersA,B,CandDrespectively.Choosethewordwhichbestcompleteseachsentence.ThereisonlyONErightanswer.Blackenthecorrespondingletterasrequiredonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.1.

Thefactorywaspublicly______bytheEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyforhavingneglectedenvironmentalprotocols.A.rebukedB.rebatedC.rebuffedD.remarked正确答案：A[解析]语义辨析。题干意为“这家工厂因忽视环境保护条例而被环境保护局公开______”，选项中只有rebuked(责备)的语义符合语用搭配习惯，故只有A选项符合题意。

2.

Thiscountryisinthesocialtransformationperiodnow,andthesocialtransformationis______tobringdeepchangesoffemaleself-valueasopposedtowomen'straditionalsocialroles.A.demisedB.demotedC.desolatedD.destined正确答案：D[解析]语义辨析。题干意为“这个国家目前正处于社会转型期，相对于传统社会角色，社会转型______会给女性带来自我价值观念的深刻变革”，选项中只有destined(注定)的语义同时符合上下文语境以及语用搭配习惯，故只有D选项符合题意。

3.

Weexpressourdeepestmourningforthedeadintheattack,andwestrongly______andfirmlyopposeterrorismofallforms.A.condemnB.reproachC.reproveD.blame正确答案：A[解析]语义辨析。题干意为“我们对袭击中的死难者表示最深切的哀悼，我们坚决______并反对一切形式的恐怖主义”，选项中只有condemn(谴责)的语义符合英文语用搭配习惯，故只有A选项符合题意。

4.

Thewiseofoldputitthisway:"Amancomestothisworldwithhisfist______,butwhenhedies,hishandisopen."A.clampedB.clutchedC.clenchedD.closed正确答案：C[解析]语义辨析。题干意为“古时候的智者是这样说的：一个人来到这个世界上，他的拳头______，但当他死去时，他的手是张开的”，选项中只有clenched(握紧)的语义符合上下文逻辑，故只有C选项符合题意。

5.

Attheconference,allmembers______anactwhichprovidedalayoutplanfortheadoptionofcountriesallovertheworldfortheirenvironmentalprotectioninthe21stCentury.A.endowedB.entitledC.endorsedD.enquired正确答案：C[解析]语义辨析。题干意为“在这次会议上，所有成员都______一项法案，这项法案为世界各国在21世纪的环境保护制定了全面规划”，选项中只有endorsed(支持，赞同)的语义符合语用搭配习惯，故只有C选项符合题意。

6.

Thepessimistsusuallyratedthemselvestoolow.Thenegativeexpectationofthepessimistswillleadtoaself-fulfilling______.A.proposalB.profitC.predictionD.prophecy正确答案：D[解析]近义词语用辨析。题干意为“悲观主义者的消极预期将导致自我实现的______”，选项中只有prophecy(预言)的语义符合上下文语境以及英文语用搭配习惯，self-fulfillingprophecy为心理学术语，意为“自证预言”，是一种在心理学上常见的症状，故只有D选项符合题意。

7.

Wewillneverengageinarmsraceorposeamilitarythreattoanycountry.NevertoseekhegemonyistheChinesegovernment'ssolemn______totheworld.A.pleadB.pledgeC.pleaD.pleat正确答案：B[解析]语义辨析。题干意为“永不称霸是中国政府对世界的庄严______”，选项中只有pledge(保证，承诺)符合上下文语境以及英文语用搭配习惯，故只有B选项符合题意。

8.

Accordingtothemortgagepoliciesofthebank,propertyonwhichmoneyhasbeenlentcanbe______whentheloanispaidback.A.resignedB.reversedC.recountedD.redeemed正确答案：D[解析]语义辨析。题干意为“根据银行的按揭政策，贷款抵押资产可以在还款时被______”，选项中只有redeemed(赎回)的语义符合上下文语境以及英文搭配习惯，故只有D选项符合题意。

9.

Thedesignofdrainagesystemisimportantin______planningbecausethewaterlogdisasterisgettingworsetheseyears.A.metropolitanB.cantonalC.urbanD.civic正确答案：C[解析]近义词辨析。题干意为“排水系统的设计在______规划中很重要，因为这些年的积水问题越来越严重”，选项中只有urban[planning](城市规划)符合英文语用搭配习惯(专有名词)，故只有C选项符合题意。

10.

ScientistshaveunlockedtheaestheticmysterybydetermininghowLeonardoDaVincipaintedher______skintones.A.faultyB.imperfectC.incorrectD.faultless正确答案：D[解析]语义辨析。题干意为“科学家通过确定达·芬奇是怎样描绘出《蒙娜丽莎》那近乎______肤色，从而解开了美学的奥秘”，选项中只有faultless(完美无缺的)的语义符合上下文逻辑，故只有D选项符合题意。

11.

Ecologicalconstructionisaseriousand______problemfortherealizingofsustainabledevelopmentofecology,economyandsociety.A.impendingB.impedingC.imposingD.implying正确答案：A[解析]语义辨析。题干意为“生态建设是实现生态、经济和社会可持续发展的重大而______问题”，选项中只有impending(迫切的)符合上下文语境以及英文语用搭配习惯，故只有A选项符合题意。

12.

Thewaytoavoidthis______circlewasmonetaryexpansionthatheadsoffdeflation.A.evilB.virulentC.viciousD.pernicious正确答案：C[解析]近义词语用辨析。题干意为“避免这种______循环的方法是通过货币扩张来防止通货紧缩”，选项中只有vicious[circle](恶性循环)符合英文语用搭配习惯，故只有C选项符合题意。

13.

Thejobofourdepartmentisto______

thehigherdecisions,withoutaskinganyquestionstohigherauthorities.A.imploreB.implodeC.implementD.implicate正确答案：C[解析]语义辨析。题干意为“我们部门的工作是______上级的决定，不向上级提出任何问题”，选项中只有implement(实施，执行)符合上下文语境以及英文语用搭配习惯，故只有C选项符合题意。

14.

Inhisbook,theauthorpresentssomestrategiesonMarketingfortheenterprisesto______thefinancialrisksandstriveforthegreatestinterests.A.eludeB.evadeC.escapeD.dodge正确答案：B[解析]语义辨析。题干意为“作者在书中提出了企业______财务风险、追求最大利益的营销策略”，选项中只有evade(规避)的语义符合上下文语义逻辑，故只有B选项符合题意。

15.

InternetMarketingisfittinginwiththenewchangesofconsumingideasfortheregressionof______consumptionneeds.A.dividedB.diversifiedC.divertedD.diverged正确答案：B[解析]语义辨析。题干意为“网络营销正顺应消费观念的新变化，回归______消费需求”，选项中只有diversified(多元化的)的语义符合上下文逻辑，故只有B选项符合题意。

16.

Accordingtoevolutionarypsychology,wehadtobeevolvedtobenicetoeachotherbecausetherewasnobetter______.A.alternativeB.alternationC.alternatorD.altercation正确答案：A[解析]语义辨析。题干意为“根据进化心理学，我们必须进化得对彼此友善，因为没有更好的______”，选项中只有[no]alternative(别无选择)的语义符合英文语用搭配习惯，故只有A选项符合题意。

17.

Intheworstmassshootinginthecountry'shistory,morethantenpeoplediedanddozensofpeoplewerehitbybullet______andsufferedminorinjuries.A.piecesB.chipsC.fragmentsD.debris正确答案：C[解析]语义辨析。题干意为“在该国历史上最严重的大规模枪击事件中，有十余人死亡，另有数十人被子弹______击中受轻伤”，选项中只有fragments(碎片)符合上下文语境以及英文语用搭配习惯，故只有C选项符合题意。

18.

Peopleusedtohavechildrenbecausetheybelievedchildrencouldstretchoutaidsand______parentswithaffectionwhenparentswereoldorill.A.reciprocateB.dissipateC.recruitD.reconcile正确答案：A[解析]语义辨析。题干意为“过去人们之所以要孩子，是因为他们相信当父母年老或生病时孩子可以伸出援手并以爱______父母”，选项中只有reciprocate(回报)符合英文语用搭配习惯，故只有A选项符合题意。

19.

Asthecompanyisundertheriskofoverspendingtheirbudget,theymustretrenchtheirexpendituretomakeupthe______.A.depositB.deficitC.debtD.debit正确答案：B[解析]语义辨析。题干意为“他们必须缩减开支以弥补______”，选项中只有deficit(赤字)的语义符合上下文逻辑，故只有B选项符合题意。

20.

Thetheoryof"Asian______ofProduction"istheoreticalinnovationaboutthespecialdevelopmentrulesoforientalsocietiesfromMarxandEngels.A.ModeB.ModelC.ModuleD.Modem正确答案：A[解析]语用辨析。题干意为“亚细亚生产方式理论是马克思、恩格斯关于东方社会特殊发展规律的理论创新”，AsianModeofProduction意为“亚细亚生产方式”，是一个专有名词词组，故只有A选项符合题意。

Part2VocabularyReplacementThispartconsistsof20sentences.Ineachofthemonewordisunderlined,andbeloweach,thereare4choicesmarkedbylettersA,B,CandDrespectively.Choosethewordthatcanreplacetheunderlinedpartwithoutcausinganygrammaticalerrororchangingthebasicmeaningofthesentence.ThereisonlyONErightanswer.Blackenthecorrespondingletterasrequiredonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.1.

Dadhadahang-upaboutthatexpletive,evenifhedidn'ttotallyabstainfromcursing.HealsogotirritatedwhenArchieBunkersaid"GD"ontelevision.A.sustainB.attainC.entertainD.refrain正确答案：D[解析]形近词辨析。“expletive(咒骂语)”和“cursing(咒骂)”词性不同，语义相近。前半句“父亲对骂人的话说不出口，尽管他不能完全______咒骂”，根据“evenif”让步条件的言外之意，推断“abstainfrom”和“hang-up”语义应该相近，为“忍住”。后半句的关键词“irritated(生气)”的语义也能推断出这一情绪引发的反应。除了语义，refrain还能与from搭配。故选D。

2.

Still,itwasnaturaltobeupsetwhensomeoneyouknowhasbeenbrutallymurdered.A.viciouslyB.begrudginglyC.deliberatelyD.briskly正确答案：A[解析]词义辨析。根据副词与“murdered”的惯用搭配和语义分析，B、C、D选项均不符合题意。

3.

Often,capriciousnessisthereasongivenfordoingnothing.Flexibleworkingisanaddedopportunitytoallowstaffatthesharpendtomaketheirownjudgments.A.corruptionB.unpredictabilityC.computationD.empathy正确答案：B[解析]词义辨析。注意语境和逻辑关系，“工人可以灵活安排工作时间”和前一句“有时可以因为______闲着”有着承接关系。所以原因应该是“变化”，A、C、D选项与原句语义不符。

4.

TherewasafeelinginParliamentthattheBillwouldpreventthepressfromsayinganythingcontroversial—itwould"gagthepress".A.counterproductiveB.cunningC.curativeD.contentious正确答案：D[解析]词义辨析。答案可以由政治背景(“Parliament”“Bill”)和提示词及语块(“prevent”“gag”)分析得出。题干大意应为“此项法案将严厉扼制报刊发出有争议性的报道”。

5.

Youarewithustodayand!assureyouthatallmembersoftheclassjoinmeinconveyingourlove,affectionandgoodwishestoyou.A.compassionB.aggressionC.romanticismD.superstition正确答案：A[解析]词义辨析。首先题干替换词具有积极语义韵，排除B、D选项。C选项不能用物主代词搭配，语义也不符。

6.

Hegazedatherardently.Whensherequiredmorecoffeeheleaptup,determinedtoprovehisnewfoundlove.A.purposelyB.earnestlyC.obstinatelyD.prodigiously正确答案：B[解析]词义辨析。题干描写年轻人的动作情态，根据普遍的认知，年轻人追求爱人时必定会投以热烈的眼神。“有目的地”(A选项)、“固执地”(C选项)、“异常地”(D选项)语义与替换部分不符。

7.

Imadeasteepturntostarboardandadownwardmovement;simultaneouslyIwasawareofaslighttremorintheaircraftintheregionofthebombbay.A.quiverB.reboundC.transmitterD.slide正确答案：A[解析]词义辨析。从语义分析可知，当飞机下降时机身会产生一些物理变化，选中的替换项语义是动态的，排除C选项，B、D选项不符合飞行和飞行器的逻辑。

8.

Thebourgeoismythologysawtheworkersasmobsofthestupidandmisled,instigatedbyagitatorswhocouldnototherwisehaveearnedacomfortableliving.A.incubatedB.impliedC.incitedD.investigated正确答案：C[解析]词义辨析。各选项词形上略有相似，有一定辨析难度，但词义不存在交叉及上下义关系，根据语义选出正确答案“被煽动”，即“愚蠢的”“受他人意见左右的”人常犯的错误。

9.

Today,asmultimediatechnologyproliferates,thenumberofavailabletoolsisgrowingcorrespondingly.A.burgeonsB.peltsC.amelioratesD.disintegrates正确答案：A[解析]词义辨析。抓住后一句的“growingcorrespondingly”即可分析出替换部分的意思应为“增长”。只有A选项最符合题干语义。

10.

From1April,2019,shopswillbeunderanobligationtorecycleallpackagingreturnedtothembyconsumers.A.recruitB.reclaimC.reuseD.recess正确答案：C[解析]形近词词义辨析。根据语义分析，顾客将已经使用过的包装送回商店应该是为了“再次利用”，再据百科知识，全球目前环保意识高涨，相关法规也日趋严格。“reclaim”和替换部分有一定的语义重合，但其偏向“回收废品”。

11.

Mosttrivialargumentsaresaidtobebasedonmattersofprinciple.Whyshouldprinciplesmattersomuch?Whycannotwebemorepragmaticaboutourmomenttomomentbehavior?A.pragmaticalB.realisticC.flexibleD.enigmatic正确答案：C[解析]词义辨析。注意“principle”和替换部分的对比关系，如果不进行整句的语义分析，可能会误选B选项。A选项词性无误，干扰主要来自其词义，类似的例子还有historic/historical,economic/economical等。

12.

Youwillfindoutaboutthesethingsastimegoeson.Experiencewillshowyouhowtoreadjustyourstrategytogetyourselfbackontherighttrack.A.initiateB.assertC.intensifyD.change正确答案：D[解析]词义辨析。注意替换部分后文的“getyourselfbackontherighttrack”给出的暗示，再加一定的构词法知识(前缀re-代表“往复，重新”)，所以题干大意应为“根据经验，不断调整自己的策略以重回人生正轨”。

13.

Ifyoufeellikewithdrawingfromthehurlyburlyandbeingreclusive,thendosoandtakethisopportunitytorechargeyourbatteries,andyourenergywillreturnsoon.A.superficialB.inclusiveC.tentativeD.solitary正确答案：D[解析]词义辨析。题干中“feellike”之后的两个-ing形式是并列的，因此可以从熟词“withdraw”推出“beingreclusive”的意思大概为“避世，不愿卷入人世间的纷扰”。

14.

"Oh,forgoodness'sake,Laura!"heretortedangrily."I'mjusttoodamntiredtoputupwithanynonsense-especiallysomethingsototallyunimportant—atatimelikethis."A.overstatedB.repliedC.scrupledD.chuckled正确答案：B[解析]词义辨析。注意替换部分与副词的搭配。另外，“too...to”表明说话人已经不想再忍受他眼中“无聊，无意义的事情”，按语境推理，可得出替换部分应是人们讲话或回应的可能方式。D选项“咯咯笑”语义上不合逻辑。

15.

MilesandmilesofunspoiltcoastlineandwhitesandsedgedtheruggedAtlanticOcean.Theserenityofthegreencountrysideandsandydunesseemedalmostalifetimeawayfromherpresentexistence.A.infinityB.solemnityC.placidityD.scrap正确答案：C[解析]词义辨析。题干两句话是景物描写，其后有人物的心境。相关的形容词、动词、名词都应该顺应同一个语义逻辑，利用“unspoilt”考生可推断出答案。

16.

Thereportalsocriticizedthedepartmentforrefusingtoacceptthatnewroadsgeneratemoretraffic.Shouldanewroadbecomeliabletotrafficjams,transportofficialswillsuggestwideningorfurtherroadconstructionasasolution.A.likelyB.solvableC.negligibleD.prone正确答案：D[解析]词义辨析和搭配题。先分析语义指向和逻辑关系，根据“willsuggest”后的建议可确定说话人对新路的态度及其原因。likely用在“belikelyto”中虽然有“可能的”意义，但其后不用名词。

17.

Grubbylittlemanhemaybe—heshitsinmypresencewithoutembarrassment—yetinhisthoughtIperceiveheisfastidious.A.tidyB.meticulousC.fragileD.fortuitous正确答案：A[解析]词义辨析。题干中的“grubby”是重要提示，注意标点的用法，破折号可以插入细节用以补充说明，也可以插入态度。此处是前者。

18.

Duringemploymenttheemployeecouldnotuseordisclosethisinformationwithoutbreachingthedutyoffidelity.However,onceemploymenthadended,itcouldbeusedordisclosedbyanemployeeincompetitionwithhisformeremployer.A.perfidyB.loyaltyC.docilityD.duplicity正确答案：B[解析]形近词辨析。题干中所述与竞业禁止条款类似，当今商业社会中，一段雇佣关系应定义各种权利和义务，其中之一就是雇员对雇主信息保密的义务，做到忠诚(忠于自己的职守)。A选项恰好与原意相反。

19.

Butifyouwantedtotakeyourrevengeandkillme,becauseofsomeancientgrudgeagainstsomebodywho'sbeendustfor200years,thenwhydidn'tyoujustdoitlastnightatmyhouse?A.garageB.wedgeC.animosityD.grumble正确答案：C[解析]词义辨析。抓住题干中因果关系就能分析出替换部分的意思为某种负面情绪，而且持续时间很长(对逝去200年的人都放不下怨念)。D选项程度不够深，“嘟嘟囔囔埋怨”在大部分情况下不足以使人动杀机。

20.

Likeplantsthatjostleforabareminimumofsoilandlight,humanbeingswouldeventuallyfillalltheavailableterritory,hewarned.Truetohispredictions,thepopulationofEuropeandNorthAmericadidindeedgrowdramaticallyinthe150yearsthatfollowed.A.competeB.pushC.rattleD.jest正确答案：A[解析]词义辨析。光和土壤之于植物的意义与有限的土地之于人类的意义类似，因此为了生存，必然产生竞争。B选项和替换词有部分意义重叠，但不符合全句语义。本题提示考生平时学习词汇不能只关注部分义项。

Part3ErrorCorrectionThispartconsistsof20sentences.Ineachofthemthereisanunderlinedpartthatindicatesagrammaticalerror,andbeloweach,thereare4choicesmarkedbylettersA,B,CandDrespectively.Choosethewordorphrasethatcanreplacetheunderlinedpartsothattheerroriscorrected.ThereisonlyONErightanswer.Blackenthecorrespondingletterasrequiredonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.1.

Theelectionsof2015and2017broughtin103newToryMPs,madeupathirdofthepartyintheCommons.A.makingupathirdofthepartyB.weremakingupathirdofthepartyC.formakingupathirdofthepartyD.bymakingupathirdoftheparty正确答案：A[解析]现在分词短语作状语。本题中的现在分词作结果状语。

2.

Icouldn'ttakemyeyesonhim,eventhoughIknewthatthiswasn'tpolite.A.takemyeyesintohimB.takemyeyesathimC.takemyeyestohimD.takemyeyesoffhim正确答案：D[解析]介词与动词搭配。本题中take与off搭配，意思是无法将目光从他身上移开。

3.

Fewthingsweremoreembarrassingformethanwerecaughtonthetoiletbyourguests.A.likebeingcaughtB.thanwascaughtC.thanbeingcaughtD.thanitwascaught正确答案：C[解析]被动语态结构。than引导的从句中省略了主语I，此处应该用被动语态，意思是“蹲厕所时被看见”。

4.

Thereareanumberoffarmersnowwhenselldownstockandclosedownfordryperiodsbutthisrequiresacertainequitylevel.A.whileB.whoC.whichD.onwhich正确答案：B[解析]定语从句。本题中定语从句与先行词farmers被now分开，但细读一下就能看出，因此应该用指代人的who来引导定语从句。

5.

Oneofthebigmovementsinfarmingpracticeoverrecentyearsistowardsgrazingpracticethatrespondtoclimate.A.practicesgrazingB.grazingpracticesC.grazepracticeD.practicebygrazing正确答案：B[解析]主谓一致。that引导的从句是定语从句，从其中的谓语动词形式判断，可以知道先行词应该用名词复数。

6.

Karenappliedforsomeassistancetorestructuretheirfinancesandwasrejectedonconditionoftheirincomefromthegrocerystore.A.bymeansofB.inspiteofC.withregardtoD.onaccountof正确答案：D[解析]复合介词。从句子语义判断，画线部分后面应该是申请被拒的原因。故选D。

7.

Pressurehasincreasedonthefamilyafterthebankrevalueditspropertiesandstockasaresultofthedownturninconditions,whichchangestheinterestpayments.A.yourpropertiesB.theirpropertiesC.ourpropertyD.herproperty正确答案：B[解析]代词指代。句子前面出现的family从语义上来看，是指家庭成员，是复数，因此后面的代词也应当用第三人称复数。

8.

Manyfarmershavetakenadvantageofrainwhenitisgoingtocome,bymakinghayandstockpilingotherfodder.A.whileitiscomingB.whenitdoescomeC.whenithascomeD.whileitwillcome正确答案：B[解析]助动词用法。when引导的从句的意思是“当确实下雨时”，用does表示强调。

9.

Sometimesthechildfeltasecondselfinside,watchful,smallandcrouchingthing.A.awatchful,smallandcrouchingthingB.thewatchful,smallandcrouchingthingC.thesewatchful,smallandcrouchingthingsD.thosewatchful,smallandcrouchingthings正确答案：A[解析]冠词用法。本题中画线部分是一个名词词组作同位语，其中心词是单数，故词组中缺不定冠词a。

10.

Thewomanstartedsingingagainbyherselfwhenshecooked.A.forherselfB.toherselfC.onhimselfD.tohimself正确答案：B[解析]介词用法。从句子意思判断，是这位女士自吟自唱，因此应该是singingtoherself。

11.

Thewomanwoulddieifthechilddied.Thewomanwouldbeliedownwithabrokenheart.A.wouldliedownB.waslyingdownC.laydownD.wouldhavelaindown正确答案：A[解析]虚拟语气的用法。前面的句子已经点明是与现在事实相反的假设，所以后面就应该用wouldliedown继续假设她会如何做。

12.

Herfacewasterribleinitsfuryandsheopenedhermouthandcursescameoutsobitterandfasterthatthedrivershrankandrecoiledandranupthestepsofthebus.A.bitterlyandfastB.bitterandfastC.bitterlyandfastlyD.morebitterandfaster正确答案：B[解析]形容词用法。bitterandfast是修饰hercurses，前面有副词so修饰这两个形容词。

13.

Thedriverrandownthesteps,yellingwithhisfacehoveringonlyafootfromthechild,hischeeksgoingpurpleandspittleshootingfromhismouthandontoher.A.becausehischeeksaregonepurpleB.withhischeeksaregoingpurpleC.hischeeksgonepurpleD.forhischeekshavegonepurple正确答案：C[解析]独立主格结构用法。本题中有三个独立主格结构，其余两个在名词后面都用的是现在分词短语，但画线部分从语义上看，应该是过去分词，表示脸色因为愤怒已经变成紫色。

14.

Aboutsixmonthsafterthey'dreturned,whiletheywerewalkingslowlyinthestreetinahotafternoon,thechildwasdreamingofpopsiclesandwindontheskin.A.onhotafternoonB.onahotafternoonC.intoahotafternoonD.atahotafternoon正确答案：B[解析]介词表示时间的用法。当morning，afternoon，evening前有定语修饰时，前面习惯用介词on。

15.

Thepreschoolteachersallthoughtthechildaprodigy,becauseofnootherchildrenatthatschoolhadeverbeensoadeptorknownsomanywordsandnumbersatsuchanage.A.forB.asC.sinceD.because正确答案：D[解析]引导原因状语从句的连词使用辨析。四个选项中，只有because表示直接的因果关系，且通常放在主句后面。

16.

Butthewoman,whoatelunchatherdesk,whoneverspokeofherprivatelife,hadn'ttoldtheminwhichherfamilywasgoing.A.asaresultB.thatC.whereD.unless正确答案：C[解析]宾语从句。从句子语义上看，是“她并未告诉他们她家人要去哪里”，因此应该选where。

17.

Shedidn'tanswer,onlysmiledthinly,becauseshecouldnever,givesahundredlifetimes,haveexplainedtohimthedistanceshe'dcome.A.givenB.whengivingC.ifgivingD.whilegiven正确答案：A[解析]given表示条件的用法。该词后面接名词短语或从句作条件状语。

18.

Whensheopenedthedoor,shesawthatnobodyisintheapartmentsinceshe'dleftit.A.theretotheapartmentB.wasontheapartmentC.wereintheapartmentD.hadbeenintheapartment正确答案：D[解析]时态用法。从句子结尾部分的since从句来判断，前面主句中的时态应该用完成时。

19.

Allsleepingchildrenareveryalikeassiblings,unformed,softinthecheek.A.aslikeasB.muchalikeC.thesamelikeasD.asalikeas正确答案：D[解析]比较结构。as...as...也是一种比较结构，两个as之间可用形容词或副词的原级。本题中的alike是形容词。

20.

Peoplestirredinthemorningandwentoutintotheyardandreturnedwhennightfell,forsheremainedfrozen.A.butB.andC.orD.so正确答案：A[解析]并列连词的用法。本题中前后两部分语义上形成对照，故选用表示对照的连词but。

Section2ReadingComprehensionInthissectionyouwillfindaftereachofthepassagesanumberofquestionsorunfinishedstatementsaboutthepassage,eachwith4(A,B,CandD)choicestoanswerthequestionorcompletethestatement.Youmustchoosetheonewhichyouthinkfitsbest.Blackenthecorrespondingletterasrequiredonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.

AtarecentdebateinWashingtonabouttheriseofChina,aU.S.careerdiplomatstruckanoptimisticnote.Yes,ChinawouldprobablysoonovertaketheUnitedStatesastheworld'slargesteconomy,heconceded,buttheMiddleKingdomwasunlikelytorivaltheUnitedStatesanytimesoonwhenitcameto"softpower",orculturalinfluenceandattractiveness.

Indeed,softpowerisgenerallyseenasamajorassetintheforeignpolicyrealm,helpingcountriesachievetheirgoalswithoutresortingto"hardpower"—i.e.,coercivemeans."Youngpeoplearoundtheworld,"thediplomatconfidentlyasserted,"stilllistentoAmericanmusic,watchAmericanmoviesanddreamofcomingtotheUnitedStates."

ParticularlyinLatinAmerica,thatremainsastrueasever,despiteDonaldTrumpintheWhiteHouseandahistoricandirreversibleshiftofeconomicpowerawayfromtheWesttowardsAsia.TheUnitedStates'culturalinfluenceandvisibilitystandsunrivaledacrossLatinAmerica.Chineseculture,bycomparison,remainslargelyunknownandisusuallymetwithindifferenceandalackofinterest.WhilesomepeopleareawareofChina'sgrowingeconomicroleinLatinAmerica—itisalreadythelargesttradingpartnerofseveraloftheregion'smajoreconomies,includingBrazil,ChileandPeru—mostwouldstruggletonameasingleChinesecontemporarysinger,athleteorsoapoperastar.LatinAmerica'smassmediabusilyreportsevenminoreventsinU.S.politicsorculturallife,yetChinesenewsremainthestuffofspecialists.

YetwhileU.S.softpowermayprovidesometangibleeconomicbenefitsinLatinAmerica—thinkoftourismtoDisneyWorldandNewYork,NetflixsubscriptionsandStarbuckssales—ithasalsoshowntobeadouble-edgedsword,particularlyintheforeignpolicyrealm.China'sunder-the-radarapproachinLatinAmerica,bycomparison,alsobringsimportantadvantages,someofwhichmay,paradoxically,beofgreaterstrategicrelevanceinthelongterm.Thatisbecause,inaregiontraditionallyconcernedaboutU.S.meddling,strongculturalinfluencetendstoinflatetheperceivedpoliticalandeconomicinfluence.WhiletheUnitedStates'defactoinfluenceinLatinAmericahasdeclinedsignificantlyoverthepastdecade—partlyduetoChina'sgrowingroleintheregion,butalsobecauseU.S.policymakersgenerallydonotseetheregionasapriority—thischangeisbarelyreflectedinthepublicdebate,wheretheU.S.roleremainsoutsized.

ThatoftenmakescooperatingwiththeUnitedStatespoliticallycostly.WhenBrazil'sformerPresidentFernandoHenriqueCardosoreached,in2000,agroundbreakingspacecooperationdealwiththeUnitedStates,whichwouldinvolveU.S.useoftheBrazilianspaceagency'slaunchsiteinAlcântarainNorthernBrazil(itsequatoriallocationallowsreducingfuelcostsofsatellitelaunchesby30percent),theoppositionsawanopportunitytowhipupanti-Americannationalistsentimentbymischaracterizingthetechnologysafeguardsagreement(TSA)asathreattoBrazil'ssovereignty.Cardosofoundhimselfaccusedofbeinganentreguistaandcanceledtheproject,whichwouldhaveallowedBraziltodeveloppreciousexpertiseinthearea—increasinglyimportantduetostronggrowthinthemicrosatellitesectorcrucialforGPSandinternetcommunication.WhenthecurrentgovernmentofMichelTemertookuptheprojectrecently,pressureagainintensified,eventhoughthistimeitssuccessfulconclusionismorelikely.IftheprojectpartnerhadbeenChinabackthenortoday,itseemsunlikelythattheprojectwouldhavefacedasmuchpoliticalresistance.

ThisepisodeisstarklycontrastedbyhowChinacanoperateacrossLatinAmericaandmakestrategicinvestmentsalmostwithoutanyrealconcernforpublicopinion.WhenChineseinvestorsrecentlyboughtathirdofBrazil'selectricitysector—asectoroftremendousstrategicimportance—thenewsbarelymadeittothefrontpageofBraziliannewspapers.1.

WhywastheU.S.careerdiplomatoptimistic?______A.BecauseChinawouldprobablysoonovertaketheUnitedStatesastheworld'slargesteconomy.B.BecausetheUnitedStateswouldremaintheworld'slargesteconomy.C.BecauseChinawasunlikelytorivaltheUnitedStatesanytimesoonwhenitcameto"softpower".D.BecausetheUnitedStateswasunlikelytorivalChinaanytimesoonwhenitcameto"softpower".正确答案：C[解析]细节题。根据题干关键词定位第1段第1句，由第2句中的but分句可知，这位美国外交官认为中国在软实力方面还无法与美国匹敌。根据上下文，theMiddleKingdom应该指中国，故正确答案为C。

2.

Theword"coercive"underlinedinParagraph2issynonymousto______.A.forcibleB.complementaryC.formidableD.coherent正确答案：A[解析]语义题。forcible强迫的，complementary互补的，formidable可怕的，coherent连贯的。coercive意为“强制的，强迫的”，故A为正确答案。

3.

Accordingtotheauthor,DonaldTrumpintheWhiteHouseseemstobe______

toLatinAmerica.A.promisingB.influentialC.surprisingD.unfavorable正确答案：D[解析]细节题。根据题干关键词定位第3段第1句，从despite这个词可知，DonaldTrumpintheWhiteHouse与主句构成让步关系，是美国在拉美软实力影响的不利因素，故正确答案为D。

4.

Inparagraph3,theauthormentionsChinesecontemporarysinger,athleteorsoapoperastarjustinordertoshowthat______.A.peopleinLatinAmericaareawareofChina'sgrowingeconomicroleB.peopleinLatinAmericaareignorantofChina'svisibilityC.peopleinLatinAmericaarenotinterestedinChinesecultureD.peopleinLatinAmericaremainunknowntoChineseculture正确答案：C[解析]细节题。根据题干关键词定位第3段第4句，可知大多数拉美人很难说出一个中国当代歌手、运动员或电视明星的名字，其原因在第3句：相比之下，中国文化往往不为人知，通常无人关注或难以引起人们的兴趣。故正确答案为C。

5.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofU.S.softpowerinLatinAmerica?______A.Itisunrivaledbyanyothercountry.B.ItcontributestoloweconomicbenefitsfortheU.S..C.Itremainsthesameasbefore.D.ItismoreinfluentialthanChinesesoftpowerinthesameregion.正确答案：B[解析]推断题。根据选项定位第1—4段，仔细甄别后可知，B与原文(带来一些切实的经济利益)不符，故为正确答案。

6.

Thecompoundword"under-the-radar"underlinedinParagraph4mostlikelymeans______.A.vulnerableB.vigorousC.invisibleD.inviable正确答案：C[解析]语义题。vulnerable脆弱的，vigorous精力充沛的，invisible不引人注目的，inviable不可能生存的。根据上下文，under-the-radar意为“低调的”，故正确答案为C。

7.

Accordingtothepassage,theU.S.influenceinLatinAmericahasdeclinedoverthepastdecademainlybecause______.A.ChinaisreplacingtheUnitedStatesintheregionB.China'sapproachintheregionisofgreatstrategicrelevanceinthelongtermC.theU.S.governmenttendstoinflatetheperceivedpoliticalandeconomicinfluenceintheregionD.theU.S.governmentdoesnotattachsomuchimportancetotheregion正确答案：D[解析]细节题。根据题干关键词定位第4段第4句，可知美国在拉美地区影响力的下降有两个原因：中国在该地区的作用日益突显；美国的政策制定者未将该地区作为优先考虑的对象，故正确答案为D。

8.

ThemainideaofParagraph5isthat______.A.theU.S.cooperationwithLatinAmericancountriesoftenencounterspoliticalresistanceB.thespacecooperationbetweentheUnitedStatesandBrazilislikelytosucceedC.theU.S.isunwillingtocooperatewithBrazilinspaceexplorationD.ChinaiswillingtocooperatewithBrazilinspaceexploration正确答案：A[解析]主旨题。该题为段落主旨题，关键在于找出中心句，而段落中心句一般位于段首。分析第5段结构可知，第1句(那常常使得与美国合作的政治代价高昂)为中心句，接着举了两个例子说明该句观点，故正确答案为A。

9.

Theword"entreguista"underlinedinParagraph5mostprobablymeans______.A.criminalB.traitorC.corruptionistD.villain正确答案：B[解析]语义题。criminal罪犯，traitor叛国者，corruptionist贪官，villain恶棍。根据上下文，entreguista意为“叛国者”，故正确答案为B。

10.

Theauthor'sattitudetowardsChina'seconomicsuccessinLatinAmericais______.A.optimisticB.neutralC.indifferentD.negative正确答案：D[解析]态度题。最后两段作者对美国与中国在拉美地区的待遇做了对比，前者因其强大的文化影响力遭遇政治抵制，而后者因低调行事反而进展顺利。作为美国人，作者的字里行间反映出其心中的不忿，故正确答案为D。

Seekingtoframehisnewadministrationasonewithafirmfocusonclosingthegapbetweenchildrenfromaffluentandpoorfamilies,Gov.-electGavinNewsomwillproposespendingsome$1.8billiononanarrayofprogramsdesignedtoboostCalifornia'senrollmentinearlyeducationandchild-careprograms.

Newsom'splan,whichhehintedatinaFresnoeventlastmonth,willbeakeyelementinthestatebudgetproposalhewillsubmittotheLegislatureshortlyaftertakingofficeMonday,asourceclosetothegovernor-elect'stransitionteamsaid.

Thespendingwouldboostprogramsdesignedtoensurechildrenenterkindergartenpreparedtolearn,closingwhatsomeresearchershavecal