翻译二级笔译综合能力模拟30

翻译二级笔译综合能力模拟30ⅠVocabularyandGrammarPart1VocabularySelection1.

Thelongserviceofdecadesofth（江南博哥）eto-be-retiredwiththecompanywas______apresenteachfromthePresident.A.confirmedbyB.recordedinC.acknowledgedwithD.appreciatedfor正确答案：C[解析]

习语搭配。

acknowledgewith(用馈赠或言辞)表示感谢，作出反应：TheproducerwishestoacknowledgetheassistanceoftheLosAngelesPoliceDepartmentinthemakingofthefilm．制片人希望对洛杉矶警察局在本片拍摄过程中所给予的协助表示感谢。

2.

Thousandsof______atthestadiumcametotheirfeettopaytributetoanoutstandingperformance.A.audienceB.participantsC.spectatorsD.observers正确答案：C[解析]audience和spectator均指观众，但有区别。前者多用于对演讲类表演的观看；后者则多用于表示观看节目和运动类事件。根据句子中的地点状语“atthestadium”可知，正确答案是C。

3.

Wecannotbe______thechoicesthatourchildrenaregoingtomake.eventhoughwehavecontributedtothosechoices.A.subjecttoB.susceptibletoC.accountableforD.crazyabout正确答案：C[解析]besubjectto使服从，使遭受。besusceptibleto对…敏感。beaccountablefor负责。crazyabout狂热，热衷。答案是C。

4.

Inthedimlight,Imanagedto______theshadowyfigureofabiglionamongthetrees.A.makeoffB.makeupC.makeoutD.makeover正确答案：C[解析]习语搭配

A．makeoff离开，(尤指做了错事后)匆忙离开，逃走；B．make叩弥补，虚构，和解；C．makeout辨认出，拼凑；D．makeover(尤指依法律形式)转让，移交；而本句意为：在昏暗的光线下，我努力辨认树丛中一只大狮子的阴影。因此C为答案。

5.

AlthoughIspoketoheraboutthematterseveraltimes,shetooklittle______ofwhatIsaid.A.remarkB.warningC.noticeD.attention正确答案：C[解析]takenoticeof为固定搭配，表示“注意，留心”。此外，payattentionto也可表示“注意”的意思。

6.

Iwillnever______theexperiencesofthefouryearsatHowardUniversity,thoughtherewereunhappyencounters.A.dischargeB.rechargeC.discardD.dispose正确答案：C

7.

Thingswentwellforherduringherearlylifebutinhermiddleageher______seemedtochange.A.affairB.luckC.eventD.chance正确答案：B[解析]luck除表示“运气，好运”外，还含有“命运”的意思，如：It'sjustmyluck．我命该如此。其余均不符合题意。

8.

Onlyhotelguestshavethe______ofusingtheprivatebeach.A.occasionB.possibilityC.privilegeD.allowance正确答案：C[解析]近义辨析。

privilege特权，特别待遇：Ihadtheprivilegeofmeetingthequeen．我有会见王后的特权。occasion时机，机会：Abirthdayisnooccasionfortears．生日可不是哭鼻子的时候。possibility可能性：Thereisnopossibilityofhiscoming．他不可能来。allowance宽容，允许，被允许的东西(如限额、限期等)：askforanallowanceofthreedays要求给三天时间。

9.

His______behaviormadeeveryonenervous.Hewasalwaysrushingtoopendoorsandperformothersmalltasks,apologizingunnecessarilyforanyinconveniencethathemighthavecaused.A.obliviousB.observantC.obsequiousD.obsolescent正确答案：C[解析]形近识别。

obsequious卑躬的；巴结的：Heisanobsequiousowner．他是个善于讨好的店主。oblivious未察觉；不注意：Thegovernmentseemsobliviousofthelikelyeffectsofthenewlegislation．政府似乎并没有注意到新法可能带来的后果。observant善于观察的'寂静的：Anobservantshopassistanthadrememberedexactlywhatthemanwaswearing．有个机警的店员准确记得那个男子的穿着。obsolescent即将过时的，逐步淘汰的：Electronicequipmentquicklybecomesobsolescent．电子设备淘汰得快。

10.

GeorgeErnestMorrison,anAustralian,traveledthe"five-footroads,"orfootpaths,fromShanghaitoRangoonin1894,______Chinabeforeitwasengulfedinacenturyofrevolution,warandpoliticaltumult.A.witnessB.witnessedC.witnessingD.towitness正确答案：C[解析]结构识别

本句考察的是用动词不定式、现在分词短语还是过去分词短语作状语：动词不定式表示还没有做的事，现在分词表做过的事，现在分词含有主动的意思，而过去分词形式含有被动的含义；此句要表达的是GeorgeErnestMorrison已做过的事，且表主动，因此C为答案。

11.

UncleVernon,quiteunlikeHarryPotterwholookednothingliketherestofthefamily,waslarge,veryfat,and______,withanenormousblackmustache.A.necklessB.necklaceC.recklessD.rackless正确答案：A[解析]形近识别。

neckless胖的没脖子的；necklace项链；reckless鲁莽的；rackless没支架的。

12.

Everymaninthiscountryhastherighttolivewherehewantsto,______thecolorofhisskin.A.withtheexceptionofB.inthelightofC.byvirtueofD.regardlessof正确答案：D[解析]四个选项的意思分别为：A项“除……以外”；B项“根据，依据”；C项“依靠，凭借，由于”；D项“不顾，不管”。

13.

Arroganceandpridearesimilarinmeaning,butthereisa(n)______differencebetweenthem.A.submergedB.indecisiveC.indistinctD.subtle正确答案：D[解析]形容词辨析

A．submerged在水中的，淹没的；B．indecisive非决定性的；C．indistinct模糊的，朦胧的；D．subtle敏感的，微妙的；而本句意为：傲慢与骄傲在意思上近似，但两者间有着的不同。根据上下文，此处应表“微妙的”，因此D为答案。

14.

Theexplanationgivenbythemanageryesterdaywasnotatall______tous.A.satisfyB.satisfiedC.satisfactoryD.satisfying正确答案：C[解析]同义辨析。

satisfactory令人满意的：Theresultofthematchwashighlysarisfactory．比赛结果非常令人满意。satisfy使满足：Iofferedhim$1,000tokeepquiet,butthatdidnotsatisfyhimandhewantedevenmore．我给了他一千美元让他保持沉默，但他并不满足，他还要更多的钱。satisfied满意的，满足的：I'mnotfullysatisfiedwiththestandardofyourwork．我对你的工作水准不太满意。satisfying令人满意的，使人满意的：It'sanimmenselysatisfyingjob．这是一个非常令人满意的工作。

15.

______pollutioncontrolmeasuresareexpensive,manylocalgovernmentshesitatetoadoptthem.A.AlthoughB.HoweverC.BecauseD.Moreover正确答案：C[解析]连词辨析。

这两个句子是因果关系。

16.

Thejurygavea______of"notguilty".A.sentenceB.judgementC.chargeD.verdict正确答案：D[解析]近义辨析。

verdict裁决，判决，判断(指陪审团的裁决)：Theverdictwasthattheprisonerwasguilty．判决犯人有罪。sentence判决，宣判(指法庭的判决，尤其指对已判决有罪的人加以处罚的法院的刑罚决定)：Hereceivedaheavysentence．他被判重刑。judgement判断，审判，裁判(指法庭的判决，法官的决定)：Thejudgementsetanewprecedent．那次判决树立了一个新的判例。charge指控，控告(指提出对不法行为的指控)：achargeofmurder指控犯谋杀罪。

17.

Thespeakerwasverymuch______byrudewordsandbehavioroftheaudienceinthehall.A.jerkedB.incensedC.lacedD.limped正确答案：B[解析]jerked肌肉抽搐的，痉挛；incensed激怒的，发怒；laced有花边的，有带子的；limped跛行的，柔软的。答案是B。

18.

Thelessthesurfaceofthegroundyieldstotheweightofthebodyofarunner,______tothebody.A.thestressitisgreaterB.greateristhestressC.greaterstressisD.thegreaterthestress正确答案：D[解析]固定用法。

the+比较级，the+比较级。

19.

Wecannotseeanypossibilityofbusiness______.yourpriceisonthehighsideoftheprevailingmarkettrend.A.whichB.sinceC.thatD.though正确答案：B[解析]

固定搭配。

后面的从句是对前面主句的解释说明，因而应选用表原因的“Since”。

20.

Thepresidentofthecorporationsuggestedthatthephenomenashouldbe______andanalyzedintotheirsmallestpartsofelements.A.buckledonB.nudgedfurtherC.brokendownD.brokeninto正确答案：C

Part2VocabularyReplacement1.

Althoughthereisagreatnumberofnewbookslaunchedontothemarket,mostofthemaremerelyforthebirds.A.aspateB.avarietyC.apileD.spit正确答案：Aaspateof意指ingreatquantity或ingreatnumber。

2.

Intheflintdecadesofthetwentiethcentury,theindividualgemcouldnotbeseen,butcouldbeworkedwithfruitfully.A.blindlyB.completelyC.productivelyD.carefully正确答案：C[解析]本题中，fruitfully的意思是“产量多地，肥沃地”。四个选项中，productively的意思是“有结果地，有成果地”；blindly的意思是“盲目地，摸索地”；completely的意思是“十分地，完全地”；carefully的意思是“小心地，谨慎地”。只有C项符合题意。

3.

In1982,HitachiwasindictedforstealingconfidentialdocumentsfromIBM.Aspartofacourtsettlement,thecompanypaidIBMhundredsofmillionsofdollars.A.condemnedforB.accusedofC.disciplinedforD.disapprovedof正确答案：B[解析]本题中，indictedfor的意思是“被起诉”。B项的“accusedof被控告”符合题意，如：Thepoliceaccusedhimofstealing．(警方控告他犯有盗窃罪)。其他三项“condemnedfor被责难；disciplinedfor被训练；disapprovedof不赞成”都不正确。

4.

Thatuniversityhasproducedalargenumberofsocialcelebrities,includingfourPresidentsandthreeSpeakers.A.sproutedB.spawnedC.stashedD.spouted正确答案：B

5.

Trivialbreachesofregulationswecanpassover,butmoreseriousoneswillhavetobeinvestigated.A.exceedB.witherC.overpassD.neglect正确答案：D[解析]本题空格处意为“我们对微不足道的违规可以忽略不计”。neglect的意思是“忽略，忽视”，如：Ifyouneglectthisproperty,itwilldepreciate．(如果你忽视这份资产，它无形中就贬值了)。exceed的意思是“超出，超过”；wither的意思是“枯萎，衰退，使枯萎，使衰退”；overpass的意思是“胜过，通过，忽视”。只有D项符合题意。

6.

ItisreportedthatthelatestoutbreakofthebirdfluinPennsylvaniaintheUnitedStateshaspromptedChinatoslapabanonpoultryimportsfromthestate.A.marineproductsB.dairyproductsC.industrialproductsD.avianproducts正确答案：D[解析]本题意为“据报道，最近美国宾夕法利亚洲爆发的禽流感促使中国很快下令禁止从该地区进口家禽类食品”。poultry的意思是“家禽类食品”；D项的“avianproducts鸟类食品”符合题意。其他三项“marineproducts海产食品；dairyproducts乳制食品；industrialproducts工业产品”都不正确。

7.

Leonardowasfined$150bythemagistrateandgivenastrongwarning.A.policemanB.supervisorC.judgeD.lawyer正确答案：C[解析]名词辨析

magistrate表：文职官员，地方法官；A．policeman警察；B．supervisor监督人，管理人，检察员；C．judge法官，审判员，鉴定人；Ｄ．lawyer律师；因此C为答案。

8.

Obviouslytheseareallfactorsaffectingsmoothoperation,buttheunderlyingproblemisstilltobeidentified.A.operationalB.fundamentalC.operatingD.underneath正确答案：B[解析]本题中，underlying的意思是“在下面的，根本的，潜在的”。四个选项中，fundamental的意思是“基础的，根本的”，如：afundamentaldifferencebetweentheiraims(他们目标的根本差异)。operational的意思是“操作的”；operating的意思是“运行的，操作的”；underneath的意思是“下面的”。只有B项符合题意。

9.

Oneofthethingswehavetodotopreventapandemicistomakesurepeopleunderstandandknowwhattheycandotominimizethecommotion.A.commandB.collusionC.turmoilD.tutelage正确答案：C[解析]

名词辨析。

commotion骚动，暴乱：produceacommotion引起一阵骚动。turmoil骚动，混乱：acountryinturmoiloverlaborstrikes处于工人罢工造成的动乱中的国家。command命令，掌握：obeycommand服从命令。collusion共谋，勾结；tutelage监护。

10.

Thisreflectstheprioritybeingattachedtoeconomicoverpoliticalactivity,partlycausedbyagrowingreluctancetoenteracallingblightedbyrelentlesspublicitythatalltoooftenendsindestroyingcareersandreputations.A.powerfulnessB.unwillingnessC.renaissanceD.apologeticness正确答案：B[解析]名词辨析。

reluctance勉强，不情愿；powerfulness强壮、强大；unwillingness不情愿；renaissance再生，新生：Folkmusicisnowenjoyingarenaissance．民间音乐现在又时兴起来了。apologeticness道歉，辩解。

11.

The20th-centurypoemsuggeststosomethingwehavebeenabletofindnothingabout.A.alludesB.avoidsC.allegesD.alerts正确答案：A[解析]动词辨析

suggests建议，提出，使想起，暗示；而A．alludes暗指，影射，间接提到；B．avoids避免，消除；C．alleges宣称，断言；D．alerts警告，因此A为答案。

12.

Theincidenceofthisdiseasehasbeengreatlyreducedthankstoourhealthcareprogram.A.seriousnessB.frequencyofoccurrenceC.mortalityD.curerate正确答案：B[解析]本题中，incidence的意思是“发生(率)；影响；影响的方式[范围，程度]”。四个选项中，frequencyofoccurrence的意思是“发生频率”；seriousness的意思是“严肃，认真”；mortality的意思是“死亡率”；curerate的意思是“治愈率”。只有B项符合题意。

13.

Histalentformusicremainedlatentuntilhiswifeboughthimaguitar.A.hiddenB.sophisticatedC.delicateD.profound正确答案：A[解析]本题中，latent的意思是“潜伏的，隐藏的”。A项“hidden隐藏的”符合题意，如：Thatoldcottageishiddenamongtrees．(那座古老的农舍隐藏在树林中)。其他三项“sophisticated复杂的；delicate精密的；profound深刻的”都不正确。

14.

Constructionofthegiganticofficebuildinginthiscitywasforyearsintermittent.A.stoppingandstartingatintervalsB.somethingthatwillhappensoonC.beingwatchedwithkeeninterestD.anythingthatcomesandgoes正确答案：A[解析]

形容词辨析。

intermittent间歇的，断断续续的：Todaywillbemostlyfineandsunny，withintermittentshowers．今天大部分时间天气晴朗，有间断阵雨。stoppingandstartingatintervals不时停下和开始；somethingthatwillhappensoon马上将发生某事；anythingthatcomesandgoes来来往往的任何事情。

15.

Initiallyhisbookdidnotreceivemuchattention,buttwoweeksafterthecritic'sreviewappearedinthenewspapers,itclimbedtothebestsellers'list.A.AtfirstB.FirstofallC.AtfirstsightD.Fromthefirst正确答案：A[解析]本题中，Initially的意思是“最初，开头”。四个选项中，Atfirst的意思是“最初”，如：Theministeratfirstdeclinedtomakeanycommentsonthedisputebetweenthetwonations．butlatersheagreed．(部长起初拒绝对两国间的争端发表任何评论，但后来她同意了)。Firstofall的意思是“首先”；Atfirstsight的意思是“首先”；fromthefirst的意思是“从头，自始”。只有A项符合题意。

Part3CorrectingGrammaticalErrors1.

Whatdistinguishedherintheothergirlswasherpeculiarhairstyle.A.toB.fromC.thanD.with正确答案：B[解析]固定搭配

distinguish…from把……和……区别开来；此句意为：她独特的发型使人能将她与其他女孩区分开来；因此B为答案。

2.

NearlyeveryoneinBritainwouldliketoowntheirownhomeand,whethertheydoornot,theyarepreparedtoputtimeandmoneyintodecoratingandfurnishingitoreventomakingstructuralchangetoit.A.tomakestructurechangeofB.makingstructuralalterationstoC.inmakingstructurealterationsofD.makestrcturechangeto正确答案：B位于even之后的成分应该是和furnishing的并列成分，所以用making才是。

3.

Someofthelow-endMade-in-Chinamechanical-electronicproductsarenotsellingwellinexportmarketascomparedwithwhataretermedashigh-endones.A.onexportmarketB.inexportingmarketC.inexportedmarketD.intheexportmarket正确答案：D[解析]

冠词应用。

inthemarket“在市场上”，句子中多了一个名词export修饰market因此，定冠词应保留。

4.

Uponcompletinghisexaminationoverthepatient,thedoctorofferedhisjudgmentofherconditions.A.ofB.offC.aboutD.around正确答案：A[解析]本题要表达的意思是“对病人的检查”，四个选项中只有of可以表示对象或所属关系。

5.

Alllivingcreaturespassoninheritedtraitsfromonegenerationtoother.A.theotherB.anotherC.othersD.otherone正确答案：B[解析]本题考查代词的用法。句意为：所有生物都是一代一代地向下传递其遗传特征。other可作形容词或代词，做形容词时，意思是“别的，其他”，泛指“其他的(人或物)”。theother指两个人或物中的一个时，只能用theother，不能用another，此时的other作代词。others是other的复数形式，泛指“另外几个”，“其余的”。Another=an+other，既可作形容词，也可作代词，只能用于三个或更多的人或物，泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。本句是指从一代向另一代传递，故正确答案是B。

6.

Today,undersuchanunfavorablesocialcondition,manypostgraduatestudentshardlycanescapefrombeingsidetrackedbythingsthatareirrelevanttotheirhealthydevelopment.A.couldhardlyescapefrombeingB.canhardlyescapebeingC.hardlycanescapefromD.canhardlybeescaping正确答案：B

7.

Anepigramisusuallydefinedbeingabrightorwittythoughtthatisterselyandingeniouslyexpressed.A.asB.asbeC.asbeenD.tobeing正确答案：A[解析]definesth．assth．给……下定义，界定：Inthisdictionary“reality”isdefinedas“thestateofthingsastheyare，ratherthanastheyareimaginedtobe”在这本字典里“现实”被界定为事情的真实状态而非想象中的那样。

8.

Withgoodreasonsheiscalledafool.A.Withgoodreasonsishecalledafool.B.Heiscalledfoolwithagoodreason.C.Withgoodreasonsheiscalledfool.D.Heiscalledfoolwithgoodreasons.正确答案：A[解析]本句为了强调withgoodreasons，将之放在句首，须将系动词倒装到主语的前面，使句子平衡；因此A为答案。

9.

Watermakesupsome70percentagepointsofthebody,anddrinkingenoughwater—eithertapwaterorexpensivemineralwater—willensurethatthebodyisproperlylubricatedandflushed.A.per-centB.percapitaC.percentD.percentage正确答案：C[解析]表百分比用“...percentof+noun”，percentagepoints是“百分点”的意思。

10.

IhavetoldmyfriendthatifIhadknownhewasinhotwater,Iwouldgoandhelphimout.A.knewB.wasknowingC.shouldknowD.willknow正确答案：A此句也为虚拟句。当主句用了woulddo的动词形式，条件句的动词应以一般过去时的形式出现。

11.

Somechildrendisplayanunacceptablecuriosityabouteverynewthingtheyencounter.A.incredibleB.infectiousC.incompatibleD.inaccessible正确答案：A[解析]词语运用

A．incredible令人难以置信的；B．infectious感染的；C．incompatible不兼容的；D．inaccessible不能通达的；因此A为答案。

12.

Manystudentsagreedtocome,butsomestudentsagainstbecausetheysaidtheydon'thavetime.A.didnotbecausetheysaytheydidnotB.wereagainstbecausetheysaytheydon'tC.didnotbecausetheysaidtheydidnotD.wereagainstcomingbecausetheysaidtheydon't正确答案：C[解析]

时态应用。

B和D的“wereagainst”与“agreed”不平行，所以是错误的。A中的“say”与整句的时态不一致。在一个句中，如果动词重复使用时，可用助动词，省掉动词。所以正确答案应是C。

13.

TheeasternbluebirdisconsideredthemostattractivebirdnativeofNorthAmericabymanybird-watchers.A.nativeB.nativewithC.nativebyD.nativeto正确答案：D[解析]本题考查习惯搭配。句意为：很多观鸟者认为东方知更鸟是原产于北美的最具吸引力的鸟类。native意为“本国的，原产的；生来具有的”，当表示某地特产、原产时，native后面一般加to+名词，即nativetoNorthAmerica原产于北美。因此，答案选D。

14.

Thehandsonthisclockarelubricatesothatitcanbeseeninthedark.A.luminousB.luminaryC.lugubriousD.lubricable正确答案：A[解析]A．luminous发光的，明亮的；B．luminary发光体(如日、月等天体)；C．lugubrious(尤指故意装出来的)可怜的，悲惨的，悲哀的；D．lubricable可以涂油的，可润滑的；因此A为答案。

15.

Theearlyrailroadswereconnectedshortlinesintheexistingarteriesoftransportation:roads,turnpikes,canals,andotherwaterways.A.shortlinesthatconnectedB.thoseshortlinesconnectedC.connectedbyshortlinesD.shortconnectedlines正确答案：A[解析]结构应用

本句意为：早期的铁路是些连接已有运输干线的短线，已有的运输干线指公路、收费公路、运河和其他一些水路。主句强调：早期的铁路是些短线，定语“连接已有运输干线的”是修饰shortlines的，因此A为答案。

ⅡReadingComprehension

Ofalltheareasoflearningthemostimportantisthedevelopmentofattitudes.Emotionalreactionsaswellaslogicalthoughtprocessesaffectthebehaviorofmostpeople.

"Theburntchildfearsthefire"isoneinstance;anotheristheriseofdespotslikeHitler.Bothexamplesalsopointupthefactthatattitudesstemfromexperience.Inonecasetheexperiencewasdirectandimpressive;intheotheritwasindirectandcumulative.TheNaziswereindoctrinatedlargelybythespeechestheyheardandthebookstheyread.

Theclassroomteacherintheelementaryschoolisinastrategicpositiontoinfluenceattitudes.Thisistruepartlybecausechildrenacquireattitudesfromthoseadultswhosewordtheyrespect.

Anotherreasonitistrueisthatpupilsoftendelvesomewhatdeeplyintoasubjectinschoolthathasonlybeentoucheduponathomeorhaspossiblyneveroccurredtothembefore.ToachildwhohadpreviouslyacquiredlittleknowledgeofMexico,histeacher'smethodofhandlingsuchaunitwouldgreatlyaffecthisattitudetowardMexicans.

Themediathroughwhichtheteachercandevelopwholesomeattitudesareinnumerable.Socialstudies(withspecialreferencetoraces,creedsandnationalities),sciencemattersofhealthandsafety,theveryatmosphereoftheclassroom...theseareafewofthefertilefieldsfortheinculcationofproperemotionalreactions.

However.whenchildrencometoschoolwithundesirableattitudes,itisunwisefortheteachertoattempttochangetheirfeelingsbycajolingorscoldingthem.Shecanachievethepropereffectbyhelpingthemobtainconstructiveexperiences.

Toillustrate,firstgradepupilsafraidofpolicemenwillprobablyaltertheirattitudesafteraclassroomchatwiththeneighborhoodofficerinwhichheexplainshowheprotectsthem.Inthesameway,aclassofolderchildrencandevelopattitudesthroughdiscussion,research,outsidereadingandall-daytrips.

Finally,ateachermustconstantlyevaluateherownattitudes,becauseherinfluencecanbedeleteriousifshehaspersonalprejudices.Thisisespeciallytrueinrespecttocontroversialissuesandquestionsonwhichchildrenshouldbeencouragedtoreachtheirowndecisionsasaresultofobjectiveanalysisofallthefacts.1.

Thecentralideaoftheabovepassageisthat______.A.attitudesaffectouractionsB.teachersareimportantindevelopingorchangingpupils'attitudesC.attitudescanbechangedbysomeclassroomexperiencesD.bytheirattitudes,teachersinadvertentlyaffectpupils'attitudes正确答案：B[解析]本题考查文章大意。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述影响人态度的因素，其中汉族要讲述了老师对发展和改变学生态度方面的重要作用，所以，答案是B。

2.

Theword"despot"underlinedinParagraph2meansaperson______.A.whoenjoysahighreputationB.whoisverysuccessfulinpoliticsC.withunlimitedpowersD.whodepositsalargesumofmoneyinabank正确答案：C[解析]本题考查推理判断。由常识可知，希特勒是德国元首，且名声极差，故排除A。B、D也不正确。我们可以推断的是他具有无限的权利。所以，答案是C。

3.

Thepupils'attitudesareNOTinfluencedby______.A.theirparents'persuasiontobehaveproperlyB.theirteachers'attitudesC.thespeechestheyhearandthebookstheyreadD.suchmediaassocialstudies,sciencematterandclassroomatmosphere正确答案：A[解析]本题考查是非判断。根据第二段“TheNaziswereindoctrinatedlargelybythespeechestheyheardandthebookstheyread．”可知，C项正确；根据第三段Thisistruepartlybecausechildrenacquireattitudesfromthoseadultswhosewordtheyrespect．可知，A项正确；根据第五段Socialstudies(withspecialreferencetoraces，creedsandnationalities)，sciencemattersofhealthandsafety，theveryatmosphereoftheclassroom.可知，D项正确。所以，答案是A

4.

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthepupils______.A.usuallystudyacertainsubjectingreaterdetailsathomethanatschoolB.usuallydonotstudyacertainsubjectathomeC.studythesubjectsonlyatschoolD.studyasubjectmoredeeplyatschoolthanathome正确答案：D[解析]本题考查推理判断。根据第四段的Anotherreasonitistrueisthatpupilsoftendelvesomewhatdeeplyintoasubjectinschoolthathasonlybeentoucheduponathomeorhaspossiblyneveroccurredtothembefore．可知，对于在家触碰到的问题，还在在学校就喜欢深研究。所以，答案是D。

5.

Theexampleofthepupils'learningaboutMexicoshowsthat______.A.achildusuallylearnstherightthingsfromtheirteachersB.ateachercancorrectapupil'swrongideasC.ateacher'sattitudecaninfluenceachild'sattitudebyteachingD.achild'sattitudeisverychangeable正确答案：C[解析]本题考查推理判断。根据第四段的ToachildwhohadpreviouslyacquiredlittleknowledgeofMexico，histeacher'smethodofhandlingsuchaunitwouldgreatlyaffecthisattitudetowardMexicans．可知，对于一个事先不了解墨西哥的孩子来说，老师对待这一单元的态度会大大地影响孩子对墨西哥人的态度。所以，答案是C。

6.

Theauthorimpliesthat______.A.theteachershouldguidealldiscussionsbyrevealingherownattitudeB.insomeaspectsofsocialstudiesagreatervarietyofmethodscanbeusedintheuppergradesthaninthelowergradesC.peopleusuallyactonthebasisofreasoningratherthanemotionD.children'sattitudesoftencomefromthoseofotherchildren正确答案：B[解析]本题考查推理判断。根据文章倒数第二段Toillustrate，firstgradepupilsafraidofpolicemenwillprobablyaltertheirattitudesafteraclassroomchatwiththeneighborhoodofficerinwhichheexplainshowheprotectsthem．Inthesameway，aclassofolderchildrencandevelopattitudesthroughdiscussion，research，outsidereadingandall-daytrips．可知，对于一年级的学生，我们只能用一种方法改变其态度，而对于大点的学生，我们可以采用很多方式发展其态度。由此推断，答案是B。

7.

Astatementmadeorimpliedinthepassageisthat______.A.attitudescanbebasedonthelearningoffalsehoodsB.achildcandevelopintheclassroomanattitudeabouttheimportanceofbrushinghisteethC.attitudescannoteasilybechangedbyrewardsandlecturesD.theattitudesofelementaryschool-agedchildrenareinfluencedprimarilybytheirteachers正确答案：D[解析]本题考查推理判断。根据第三段第一句“Theclassroomteacherintheelementaryschoolisinastrategicpositiontoinfluenceattitudes．”可知，小学老师对学生态度的影响起决定性的作用。由此推之，答案是D。

8.

Thepassagespecificallystatesthat______.A.directexperiencesaremorevaluablethanindirectonesB.whateverattitudesachildlearnsinschoolhavealreadybeenintroducedathomeC.teachersshouldalwaysconcealtheirownattitudesD.teacherscansometimeshaveanunwholesomeinfluenceonchildren正确答案：D[解析]本题考查细节理解。根据ateachermustconstantlyevaluateherownattitudes，becauseherinfluencecanbedeleteriousifshehaspersonalprejudices．可知，老师必须不断的评估自己的态度，因为，如果他有个人偏见的话，他的影响就很有害。所以，答案是D。

9.

Fromthelastparagraph,wecanseethat______.A.ateacher'sinfluenceonchildrenisalwayspositiveB.childrenshouldbeencouragedtoreachtheirowndecisionsbyignoringobjectivefactsC.ifimproperlyhandled,ateacher'sinfluencecanbeveryharmfultothechildrenD.childrenmaydevelopprejudicesiftheteacher'sattitudeiswrong正确答案：C[解析]本题考查细节理解。根据ateachermustconstantlyevaluateherownattitudes,becauseherinfluencecanbedeleteriousifshehaspersonalprejudices．可知，老师必须不断的评估自己的态度，因为，如果他有个人偏见的话，他的影响就很有害。所以，答案是C。

10.

Theauthorofthispassagetriesto______.A.presentcertainfactsofhowthedevelopmentofaperson'sattitudecanbeinfluencedB.showthatoursocietyisnotdoingenoughtohelpchildrenshapetheirattitudesC.pointoutthatteachersaretheonlypeoplewhocaninfluencethechildren'sattitudesD.provethatspeechesandbooksaretheonlyfactorstoindoctrinatechildren正确答案：A[解析]本题考查文章意图。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了影响人态度的主要因素，其中主要介绍老师对人的态度的影响。所以，答案是A。

Thesuntodayisayellowdwarfstar.Itisfueledbythermonuclearreactionsnearitscenterthatconverthydrogentohelium.Thesunhasexistedinitspresentstateforabout4billion,600millionyearsandisthousandsoftimeslargerthantheEarth.

Bystudyingotherstars,astronomerscanpredictwhattherestofthesun'slifewillbelike.About5billionyearsfromnow,thecoreofthesunwillshrinkandbecomehotter.Thesurfacetemperaturewillfail.Thehighertemperatureofthecenterwillincreasetherateofthermonuclearreactions.Theouterregionsofthesunwillexpandapproximately35millionmiles,aboutthedistancetomercury,whichistheclosestplanettothesun.Thesunwillthenbearedgiantstar.Temperaturesontheearthwillbecometoohotforlifetoexist.

Oncethesunhasusedupitsthermonuclearenergyasaredgiant,itwillbegintoshrink.Afteritshrinkstothesizeoftheearth,itwillbecomeawhitedwarfstar.Thesunmaythrowoffhugeamountsofgasesinviolenteruptionscallednovaexplosionsasitchangesfromaredgianttoawhitedwarf.

Afterbillionsofyearsasawhitedwarf,theSunwillhaveusedupallitsfuelandwillhavelostitsheat.Suchastariscalledablackdwarf.AftertheSunhasbecomeablackdwarf,theearthwillbedarkandcold.Ifanyatmosphereremainsthere,itwillhavefrozenontotheearth'ssurface.11.

Whatistheprimarypurposeofthispassage?A.Toalertpeopletothedangersposedbythesun.B.Todiscussconditionsonearthinthefarfuture.C.Topresentatheoryaboutredgiantstars.D.Todescribechangesthatthesunwillgothrough.正确答案：D[解析]主旨题型

本文主要谈论了：如今的太阳是个黄色的矮星，由靠近它中心的高热原子核反应将氢转化为氦来提供燃料。……天文学家通过研究其它星球，能够预测太阳的余生/未来会是什么样子。距今大约五十亿年后，太阳的核会缩小并且会变得更热，而太阳表面的温度会降低……然后太阳将会成为一个红色的巨星。地球上的温度会变得过热，以至没有生命能够存活。

一旦太阳耗尽了红色巨星的高热原子核反应的能量，它会开始缩小；等它缩小到地球的大小时，它将会变成个白色的矮星；当它从一个红色巨星变成一个白色矮星时，太阳会以剧烈喷发的形式释放大量的被称之为“新星爆发”的气体。在变成白色矮星的几十亿年后，太阳会耗尽它所有的燃料，热度消失；这样的一个星被称之为黑色矮星……由此得知本文的主要目的是谈论太阳所要经历的变化，因此D为答案。

12.

Theword"fueled"underlinedinParagraph1mostprobablymeans______.A.poweredB.bombardedC.createdD.pushed正确答案：A[解析]词义题型

A．powered产生动力；B．bombarded炮轰，轰击；C．created创造；D．pushed推动；参照注释51。太阳由靠近它中心的高热原子核反应将氢转化为氦来……因此A为答案。

13.

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthesun______.A.isapproximatelyhalfwaythroughitslifeasayellowdwarfB.hasbeeninexistencefor10billionyearsC.israpidlychanginginsizeandbrightnessD.willcontinueasayellowdwarfforanother10billionyears正确答案：A[解析]推断题型

从文章第二段第一句得知，天文学家通过研究其它星球，能够预测太阳的余生/未来会是什么样子。文章没有谈及太阳已存在了多少年，选项B不对；尽管文章谈了太阳所要经历的变化，但这一过程是极其缓慢的，选项C也不对；文章第二段提到：距今大约五十亿年后，太阳的核会缩小并且会变得更热，而太阳表面的温度会降低，然后太阳将会成为一个红色的巨星，因此选项D也不对；所以A为答案。

14.

Whatwillprobablybethefirststageofchangeasthesunbecomesaredgiant?A.Itscorewillcooloffanduselessfuel.B.Itssurfacewillbecomehotterandshrink.C.Itwilluseupitsthermonuclearenergy.D.Itscenterwillgrowsmallerandhotter.正确答案：D[解析]细节题型

见第二段第二句并参照注释51：距今大约五十亿年后，太阳的核会缩小并且会变得更热，而太阳表面的温度会降低，然后太阳将会成为一个红色的巨星；因此D为答案。

15.

Whenthesunbecomesaredgiant,whatwillconditionsbelikeonEarth?A.Itsatmospherewillfreezeandbecomesolid.B.Itwillbeenvelopedintheexpandingsurfaceofthesun.C.Itwillbecometoohotforlifetoexist.D.Itwillbenearlydestroyedbynovaexplosions.正确答案：C[解析]细节题型

见第二段最后一句TemperaturesontheEarthwillbecometoohotforlifetoexist．(地球上的温度会变得过热，以至没有生命能够存活。)C为答案。

16.

Asawhitedwarf,thesunwillbe______.A.thesamesizeastheplanetMercuryB.thousandsoftimessmallerthanitistodayC.around35millionmilesindiameterD.coldanddark正确答案：B[解析]细节题型

见第三段第一、二句：一旦太阳用尽了它作为一个红色巨星的热核能，它就开始缩小；等它缩小到地球的大小时就会变成一个白色的矮星。所以B为答案。

17.

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthesequenceofstagesthatthesunwillprobablypassthrough?A.Yellowdwarf,whitedwarf,redgiant,blackgiant.B.Redgiant,whitedwarf,reddwarf,novaexplosion.C.Yellowdwarf,redgian