2024-2025学年高中英语Module4GreatScientists单元小测课时作业含解析外研版必修4

Module4GreatScientists课时作业16单元小测Ⅰ.单词拼法1．Noonecanreplace(取代)theroleheplaysinthecompany.2．Hewaseducated(教化)inalocalprimaryschool.3．Thewinetheymadeisofhighquality(质量)．4．Heisabrilliant(才华横溢的)scientist.5．Hermotherwasdiagnosed(诊断)withcancer.6．Weneedalargequantity(数量)ofmoneytobuildahouse.7．Theirproductswereexported(出口)toothercountriesinquantity.8．Mybrothergraduated(毕业)fromafamousuniversityandnowworksasanengineer.9．Hernameescaped(逃跑)me.10．Imadeabrief(简洁的)introductionofourproducts.Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空或在空格处填入语法形式正确的词1．Herparentsdiedwhenshewasababyandshewasbroughtupbyheraunt.解析：句意：她诞生后不久父母双亡，是由姑姑抚养大的。bringup“培育；哺育”。2．Ifonecannothearaswellasotherpeople,hewillknowasaresultofthistestwhathishearingabilityis.解析：句意：假如一个人的听觉不如他人，经过这个测试，他就能了解自己的听力如何。asaresultof“由于……的结果”。3．Ifyoulookatthebeginningofthebook,you'llfindabrief(briefly)introductionbytheauthor.解析：句意：假如你看一下本书的开头，就会找到作者写的简介。brief“简短的；简洁的”。4．HegraduatedwithaMaster'sdegreefromtheUniversityofArizona.解析：句意：他毕业于亚利桑那高校，获得了硕士学位。graduatewith“以……而毕业”；graduatefrom“毕业于……学校”。5．Theprisonertriedtoescapefromtheprisonbutfailed.解析：句意：犯人企图越狱，但失败了。escapefrom“从……逃脱”。6．MypenfriendandIkeepintouchbysendinge­mails.解析：句意：我的笔友和我通过互发邮件保持联系。“by＋动名词”表示方法或方式，意为“通过……方式”。7．SinceObamacametopower,_theeconomyofAmericahaspickedup.解析：cometopower上台，掌权，执政。句意：自从奥巴马执政以来，美国经济已好转。8．MrGreencanbringinfivethousanddollarsamonth.解析：bringin挣得，赚进。句意：格林先生每月能挣五千美元。9．Ican'tfigureoutwhyhegaveuphiswell­paidjob.解析：figureout弄清晰。句意：我不明白为什么他放弃了高薪工作。10．Thekeytogetting(get)alongwellwithothersistobekindtothem.解析：thekeytodoingsth.……的关键，为固定用法。Ⅲ.完形填空AsIheldmyfather'shandsonenight,Icouldn'thelpbutnoticetheircalluses(老茧)androughness.Hishandstellthestoryofhislifeasa__1__，includingallhisstruggles.Onesummer,Iremember,adrought(旱灾)hitOntario，turningitintoa__2__desert.OnoneofthosehotmorningsIwaspickingsweetcornwithmydadtofillthelast__3__fromthegrocerystore.Fiftydozenwasallweneeded,which__4__tooktwentyminutes.Thatmorning，however，theprocessdidn't__5__quickly.Afterfortyminutesofaimlesslywalkinginthefield，we__6__neededtwentydozen.Iwascompletelyfrustratedand__7__.Droppingthebasketheavily,Ideclared,“Ifthestorewantsitslasttwentydozen，theycanpickitthemselves！”Dad__8__，“Justthink，mylittlegirl，onlytendozenleftforeachofusandthenwe're__9__.”SuchisDad—whateverproblemhe__10__，henevergivesup.__11__，thedisastrouseffectsofthedroughtwerefeltalloverourcountry.Itwasachallengingtimeforeveryone,__12__Dadremainedoptimistic.He__13__tobegratefulforotherthingslikegoodhealthandfoodonourplates.OnlythendidItrulybeginto__14__Dadandhisfaiththatguidedusthroughthehardtimes.Dadisalsoalivingexampleofreal__15__.Fromdawntodusk，heworkscountlesshoursto__16__ourfamily.Healwaysputsourhappiness__17__hisown，andneverfailstocheermeonatmysportsgames__18__hisexhaustionafterlongdays.Hislovingandselflessnaturehasinspiredmetobecomemoresympatheticand__19__，puttingothersfirst.Dad，thelife__20__Ihavelearnedfromyouwillstaywithmeforever.Youaremyfather，teacher，friendand，mostimportantly，myhero.1．A.teacher B．gardenerC．farmer D．grocer答案：C解析：依据下文摘玉米，可知父亲是一位农夫。2．A.stormy B．livelyC．disappearing D．burning答案：D解析：依据前文旱灾及空后词沙漠，可知“热辣辣的”符合句意。3．A.order B.formC．gap D.position答案：A解析：依据空后“fromthegrocerystore”，可知此空为“定购”。4．A.repeatedly B．normallyC．finally D.really答案：B解析：依据句意“这件事通常会花费20分钟”。5．A.go B．beginC．occur D．change答案：A解析：依据句意“进程进展不快。”6．A.yet B.stillC．even D.nearly答案：B解析：“仍旧”一词说明进展不快。7．A.surprised B．nervousC．angry D．frightened答案：C解析：依据句意及下文“我”的行为，看出“我”特别生气。8．A.apologized B．criedC．complained D.laughed答案：D解析：对比“我”的生气。父亲很镇静，故“笑着说”。9．A.lost B.doneC．gone D．touched答案：B解析：依据句意“每人只摘10dozen，我们就完成了。”10．A.meetswith B．bringsupC．worksout D．thinksabout答案：A解析：依据句意“无论他遇到什么问题，他从不放弃。”11．A.Thankfully B．HopefullyC．Unfortunately D．Strangely答案：C解析：“不幸地”，与disastrous(灾难的)相对应。12．A.or B.forC．so D.but答案：D解析：依据句意“尽管不幸，但父亲仍保持乐观”，表示转折。13．A.happened B．seemedC．continued D.aimed答案：C解析：与上句“remain”相呼应。14．A.face B.appreciateC．examine D.question答案：B解析：我感谢父亲带我们度过艰难时刻。15．A.love B.prideC．friendship D.honesty答案：A解析：依据下文“cheer”“loving”等词可以知道。16．A.support B．settleC．start D.impress答案：A解析：父亲长时间工作目的是抚养家庭。17．A.after B.beforeC．beside D.under答案：B解析：此处指“先人后己”。18．A.inspiteof B．intermsofC．incontrolof D.inplaceof答案：A解析：此处指“不顾自己的疲惫”，A项“不顾”，B项“就……而言”，C项“限制”，D项“代替”。19．A.careful B.regretfulC．considerate D.humorous答案：C解析：依据句意“父亲的爱和无私激励我更富有怜悯心更能为别人考虑。”A项“细致的”，B项“懊悔的”，C项为“考虑周到的”，D项“幽默的”。20．A.history B.mottoC．patterns D.lessons答案：D解析：从父亲身上学到重要的人生课程将伴随一生。Ⅳ.阅读理解EdmondHalleywasanEnglishscientistwholivedover200yearsago.Hestudiedtheobservationsofcometswhichotherscientistshadmade.Theorbitofoneparticularcometwasaverydifficultmathematicalproblem.Hecouldnotworkitout.Neithercouldotherscientistswhodealtwithsuchproblems.However,HalleyhadafriendnamedIsaacNewton,whowasabrilliantmathematician.Newtonthoughthehadalreadyworkedoutthatproblem，buthecouldnotfindthepapersonwhichhehaddoneit.HetoldHalleythattheorbitofacomethadtheshapeofanellipse.ThenHalleysettowork.Hefiguredouttheorbitsofsomeofthecometsthathadbeenobservedbyscientists.Hemadeasurprisingdiscovery.Thecometsthathadappearedintheyears1531,1607and1682allhadthesameorbit.Yettheirappearanceshadbeen75to76yearsapart.ThisseemedverystrangetoHalley.Threedifferentcometsfollowedthesameorbit.ThemoreHalleythoughtaboutit,themorehethoughtthattherehadnotbeenthreedifferentcometsaspeoplethought.Hedecidedthattheyhadsimplyseenthesamecometthreetimes.Thecomethadgoneawayandhadcomebackagain.Itwasanastonishingidea!Halleyfeltcertainenoughtomakeapredictionofwhatwouldhappeninthefuture.Hedecidedthatthiscometwouldappearintheyear1758.Therewas53yearstogobeforeHalley'spredictioncouldbetested.In1758thecometappearedinthesky.Halleydidnotseeit，forhehaddiedsomeyearsbefore.EversincethenthatcomethadbeencalledHalley'sCometinhishonor.1．Halleyfiguredouttheorbitof________.A．somedifferentcometsappearingseveraltimesB．thesamecometappearingatdifferenttimesC．threedifferentcometsappearingthreetimesD．severalcometsappearingatthesametime答案：B解析：依据第三、四段可知，哈雷计算的是同一颗彗星在不同时间的轨道。2．Halleymadehisdiscovery________.A．bydoingexperimentsB．bymeansofhisowncarefulobservationC．byusingtheworkofotherscientistsD．bychance答案：C解析：哈雷的探讨是基于前人的成就的。3．Halleymadeasurprisingbutcorrectpredictionintheyear________.A．1704 B．1705C．1706 D．1707答案：B解析：1758－53＝1705。4．Thispassageingeneralisabout________.A．HalleyandotherscientistsB．theorbitofacometC．NewtonandHalleyD．Halleyandhisdiscovery答案：D解析：全文讲的是哈雷发觉“哈雷彗星”的故事。Ⅴ.语法填空There'snoonereasonwhywomenreturntoschool.__1__(go)backtoschoolprovidesprivateandpublicbenefits.Collegegraduates,generallyenjoyhighersalaries,__2__(employ)moreconsistently,andworkinnicerconditions.College­educatedpeoplevotemore,givemoretocharity,andrely__3__(little)ongovernmentsupport.Makingtheswitchfrom__4__(support)tosupportingoneselfcanbeachallenge,__5__oftenanecessaryone.Financial__6__(dependent)forwomeniskey,saysNancySchlossberg,professoratUniversityofMaryland.“Ithink__7__importantforwomentodosomedirectachievement,becausechancesarethatwomenwilllivealoneinlaterlife,eitherdivorced__8__nevermarried.”ToSchlossberg,educationis__9__(critic)inthelongrun.Shesays,“Youaregoingtodomuchbetterthanbeforeifyouhaveagoodeducation;youaregoingtobehappierthanbeforeonconditionthatyouhavetheeducationthatenablesyoutodowhatyouhavetodoinlife.Thequestionis__10__youarereadyatthistimetogoforit.”1．Going解析：考查非谓语动词。设空处位于句首作主语，应用动名词形式，故填Going。2．are_employed解析：考查动词时态和语态。依据语境可知，此处讲解并描述的是现在的事实，设空处与enjoy和work为并列成分，故用一般现在时；employ的逻辑主语为collegegraduates，它们之间为被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态，因此填areemployed。3．less解析：考查词性转换。句意：接受过高校教化的人更多参加投票，为慈善贡献更多，更少依靠政府支持。设空处应与前文more构成并列结构表比较，因此填其比较级less。4．being_supported解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：从被支援到自食其力的转变会是一个挑战……。介词from后接v.­ing形式作宾语；依据句意，第一个support表示“被支援”，应用被动形式。因此填beingsupported。5．but解析：考查连词。依据句意“尽管从被支援到自食其力的转变会是一个挑战，但也是必需经验的挑战”可知，前后两句之间为转折关系，因此填but。6．independence解析：考查词性转换。句意：经济上的独立对女性而言是很关键的。形容词financial后应接名词，依据句意可知，设空处表示“独立，不依靠”，因此