名师原创：Unit1 单元语法详解课件

Unit1Art

单元语法详解人教版新教材选择性必修三

原创Cao

本单元重点语法

动词不定式◆原句再现a.Itishardtogiveaprecisedefinition.(教材P2)b.AstherehavebeensomanydifferentstylesofWesternart,itisimpossibletodescribethemallinashorttext.(教材P2)c.PerhapsthebestwaytounderstandWesternartistolookatthedevelopmentofWesternpaintingoverthecenturies.(教材

P2)d.Duringthe MiddleAges,thepurposeofWesternartwastoteachpeopleaboutChristianity.(教材

P2)e.They

begantoadoptamorehumanisticattitudetolife(教材

P2).f...OurgoalistodisplaytheChineseartisticgeniusfromancienttimes.(教材

P8)g.Someoftheitemsondisplayarethoughttohavecomefromthe…..(教材

P8)◆

动词不定式构成：

●一般式：to+do(动词原形)

●被动式：tobedone

●进行式：tobedoing

●完成式：tohavedone

●完成被动式：tohavebeendone●动词不定式否定须在不定式前加not或never◆动词不定式的功能：在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语●

作主语这时可用it作形式主语代不定式放句首，不定式后移，请观察以下句子a.

It

ismydreamtobehereatChristmastime.

b.

It

ishisdreamtogoabroad.c.It

iseasytosay,

it

isdifficulttodo.=TobehereatChristmastime

ismydream.=

Togoabroad

ishisdream.

=

Tosay

iseasy,

todo

isdifficult.d.It

isveryimportant

tolearnEnglishwell.=TolearnEnglishwellisveryimportant.e.

It

isnecessary

toattendthemeeting.=Toattendthemeetingisnecessary.※请关爱以下两个结构：①It’s+形容词

+of+sb.+todosth.②It’s+形容词+for+sb.+todosth.※轻轻告诉你：当形容词表示人的性格或品质时用介词of;否则用for,表示人性格或品质的形容词有:clever,wise,kind,friendly,cruel,foolish,silly,stupid,careless,warm-hearted,…请观察以下句子a.Itishard

foryoutodoitwell.b.Itisfriendlyofyoutohelpme.c.Itispossibleforthemtofinishthejobintwohours.d.Itisunwiseofhertodoso.※疑问词who,what,which,where,when,how+todo可构成不定式短语,在句中可用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等,请观察以下句子a.

Whentostart

hasnotbeendecided.(主语)b.Idon’tknow

whattodo.(宾语)c.Hecantellyou

wheretogetthebook.(宾语补足语)d.Thequestionis

who(m)toask.(表语)●作宾语

a.Iwant

tobuy

acomputer.b.Shehopes

tofind

abetterjob.c.Iwish

togo

withyou.※轻轻告诉你：以下动词后常接不定式作宾语decide,refuse,pretend,agree,determine,want,expect,hope,wish,manage,promise,choose,plan,beg,

请观察以下句子a.Theengineerrefused

togiveintothecompany.b.Ipromised

tobuyhimacomputeryesterday.c.Atlasthechose

toleavethefactory.d.Wemanaged

togetintouchwiththeoldman.e.Theboypretended

tobereadingthen,butinfact,hedidn’t.●作宾语补足语a.She

askedmetohelp

her.b.Theteacher

toldhimtocome

ontime.c.John’smother

taughthimtoreadandwrite.※悄悄告诉你：类似结构较多，请观察以下机构want

sb.

to

do/wish

sb.todo/advisesb.todo/begsb.to

do/get

sb.to

do/order

sb.to

do/expectsb.

to

do/wouldlike

sb.to

do/help

sb.

todo…※

温馨告知：有些动词后接宾语时不定式作宾语补足语不带to，主要有以下两种动词：※使役动词:let,make,have，请观察以下句子a.Theteachermade/hadourmonitor

cleantheblackboard.b.Pleaseletme

dothejob.※感官动词:see,watch,hear,feel,listento,notice,observe,lookat等,请观察以下句子a.Isawthem

playontheplaygroundatthattime.b.Myfathernoticedthelittleboy

enterthecave.※轻轻告诉你：这些感官动词接宾语后，宾语补足语也可以是现在分词或过去分词，但意义完全不一样，请观察以下句子a.Iheardhersinginthenextroom.我听见她在隔壁唱歌了（唱歌的动作已经发生过了）b.Iheardhersinginginthenextroomthen.当时，我听见她正在隔壁唱歌（唱歌的动作正在发生）c.Hefelthisarmtouchedsuddenly.他感觉到他的胳膊突然被碰了一下（表示被动）d.Isawhimcomeintotheclassroom.我看见他走进了教室(动作已经发生且为主动)e.Isawhimcomingintotheclassroom.我看见他正走进教室(动作正在发生)f.Isawhimbeaten.我看见他挨打了(表示被动)●试试看a.Ioftenseehimdanceonasmallsquare.→Heisoftenseen_____________onasmallsquare.b.Weheardtheladysingintheparkjustnow.→Theladywasheard_____________intheparkjustnow.c.Thebossmadethemworkdayandnight.→Theyweremade_______________dayandnight.todancetosingtowork※从以上试题可以看出：当使役动词和感官动词接宾语和不带to动词不定式作宾语补足语时，如果把句子变为被动语态，原来不带to的动词不定式需要加上to.即：sb.+bedone+todosth.

●作状语a.Hecame

toshow

mehisnewCDplayer.(表示目的)b.Iwentthere

tosee

myteacher.(表示目的)c.Shecameback

toget

herEnglishbook.(表示目的)d.Theboywastoofrightened

tomove.(表示结果)※动词不定式作目的状语时,todo可以换成soastodo/inordertodo,但是，soastodo不能位于句首,请观察以下句子ToimproveEnglish,

sheworksharderthanever.=

InordertoimproveEnglish,

sheworksharderthanever.(这里不能换成soastoimprove…)=Sheworksharderthanever

inorderto/

soasto

/to

improveEnglish.●作表语a.Hisworkistofeedtheanimals.b.Ourplanistohelpthechildreninthepoorareas.c.Mywishistobeascientist.d.Hisdreamistogotoafamousuniversity.e.Thewriter’saimistowritetwobooksinayear.●作定语(这时不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系,若是不及物动词,介词不能省略)a.Givemesomething

todrink.

b.Theyhavemuchfood

toeat.

c.Heaskedforaroom

tolivein.（这里

in不能少）d.Theiceishardenough

toskateon.（这里

on

不能少）1.Ourheadmasteroftentoldus______thingsforgranted.nottohaveB.nottotakeC.didn’ttakeD.nottomake2.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_____.A.notto

B.nottodo

C.notdoit

D.donotto3.Mrs.Smithwarnedherdaughter_______afterdrinking.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive4.Thepatientwaswarned_______oilyfoodaftertheoperation.toeatnotB.eatingnot

C.nottoeatD.noteating

◆考点训练BAAC5.Theworkerswantus________togetherwiththem.A.work

B.working

C.towork

D.worked6.Theywouldnotallowhim__________acrosstheenemyline.A.toriskgoingB.riskingtogoC.forrisktogoD.riskgoing7.Isawhim_______outoftheroom.A.go

B.hadgone

C.hasgone

D.goes8.I’veheardhim_______aboutyouoften.A.spokeB.speaks

C.speakD.spoken9.Hedoesn’thavetobemade_______.Healwaysworkshard.A.learn

B.tolearnC.learned

D.learningCAACB10.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister_____,todayhewasmade_____byhislittlesister.

cry；tocry

B.crying；cryingC.cry；cry

D.tocry；cry11.Shecouldn’tdecidewhichrestaurant_______.A.tohavelunch

B.toeatC.toeatat

D.eatingat12.Thereisn’tanydifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydon’tknow______.A.wheretochoose

B.whichtochooseC.tochoosewhat

D.tochoosewhich

AcB13.“Haveyoudecidedwhen____?”“Yes,tonight.”A.toleave

B.tobeleavingC.willyouleave

D.areyouleaving14.LastsummerItookacourseon________.A.howtomakedresses

B.howdressesbemadeC.howtobemadedresses

D.howtobemade15.Hedoesn’tknow______tostayornot.A.whether

B.if

C.either

D.ifhewill16.Shepretended______mewhenIpassedby.A.nottosee

B.notseeingC.tonotsee

D.havingnotseenAAAA17.--Thelightintheofficeisstillon.--Oh,Iforgot_____.A.turningitoff

B.turnitoffC.toturnitoff

D.havingturneditoff18.LittleJimshouldlove_____tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetaken

B.totake

C.beingtaken

D.taking19.Goon____theotherexerciseafteryouhavefinishedthisone.A.todo

B.doing

C.with

D.tobedoing20.Iwouldlove_____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togo

B.tohavegone

C.going

D.havinggone21.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_______onabigrocknearby.A.tohaverested

B.resting

C.torest

D.rest

CAABC22.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident______losehisjob.A.sonotastoB.soasnottoC.soastonot

D.notsoasto23.Ineedadayortwo________.A.tothinkitoverB.tothinkoveritC.thinkingitD.thoughtitover24.Hewastooexcited_________.A.speak

B.tospeak

C.nottospeak

D.speaking25.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_____thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented26.Hesaidhewouldrathernot_______itrightnow.A.doing

B.todo

C.do

D.tobedoingBABCC27.Ratherthan____onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefer___abicycle.ride；rideB.riding；rideC.ride；toride

D.toride；riding28.It’sfreezingoutside.You_______putonyourovercoat.hadbettertoB.hadbetterC.wouldbetter

D.wouldbetterto29.Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitissoftto_____.A.sit

B.siton

C.besit

D.besaton30.I’mhungry.Getmesomething_________.A.eat

B.toeat

C.eating

D.foreating31.--Iusuallygotherebytrain.--Whynot_____byboatforachange?A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.tr