Unit4HistoryandTraditionsDiscoveringUsefulStructures课件高中英语人教版

Period3DiscoveringUsefulStructures

Unit4HistoryandTraditions

LearningaimsTolearnthepastparticiplesastheattributeandtheobjectcomplement.1.Analysethesentencesbelowinthetextandfindoutthepastparticiples.Andthendiscusstheirfunctions.Mostpeoplejustusetheshortenedname:“theUnitedKingdom”or“theUK”.Theyusethesameflag,knownastheUnionJack,...TheyhadcastlesbuiltallaroundEngland,...astheobjectcomplementastheattributeastheattributeLeading-inTheUnitedKingdom,GreatBritain,England—manypeopleareconfusedby...TheyconqueredEnglandafterthewell-knownBattleofHastingsinthe11thcentury.astheattributeastheattribute过去分词或过去分词短语在句中可作定语或宾语补足语。PastParticiplesastheAttribute(1)tiredvisitorsawell-organisedtripbeautifullydressedstars2.Completethephrasesintherightcolumnbyusingthepastparticiplesintheleftcolumn.Comparethemeaningofeachpairofphrases.PastParticiplesastheAttribute(2)visitors_____ofthelongwait/...atrip_________wellbymyworkplace/...stars_______beautifullyattheevent/...tiredorganiseddressed

PastParticiples(1)过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作。规则动词的过去分词由动词原形加-ed构成；不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的构成规则。过去分词一般在句子中可以用作定语（theattribute）、宾语补足语（theobjectcomplement）、表语（thepredicative）和状语（theadverbial），但不能单独构成谓语。

Grammar及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完成，即被修饰词通常是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，且该动作已经完成。

Itookpartinthecelebrationheldbyourschool.(=whichwasheldbyourschool).我参加了学校举办的庆祝活动。2.不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅表示完成，不表示被动。

Thefallenleavesofthewoodcoverthegroundwheninfall.秋天时,小树林的落叶覆盖着地面。一、过去分词作定语的时态和语态意义3.过去分词（短语）作非限定性定语，相当于非限定性定语从句，用来补充说明被修饰词的情况，通常用逗号与主句隔开。Thebridge,builtlastyear.(=whichwasbuiltlastyear),isinusenow.这座桥，去年建成，现在已通行。二、过去分词作定语时的位置1.一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在被修饰词之前。有时为了表示强调，也可放在被修饰词之后。如：Thepollutedwaterwastoblameforthespreadofcholera.污染了的水造成了霍乱的传播。2.过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在被修饰词之后。Theriverpollutedbydailywasteisnowdirtyandsmelly.被日常垃圾污染的河水现在脏且难闻。【即学即练】

1.Thefirstengine____________(drive)bysteamwasinventedbyJamesWalt,aninventor,engineer,andchemist.2.Itisdangerousforthevillagerstodrinkfromwells____________(pollute)withpoisonouschemicals.3.Rosemarysharesher_____________(pack)lunchwithtwofriendseveryday.4.WestminsterAbbeyisatypicalGothicchurch,____________(complete)inthe10thcentury.5.TheseareEnglishtextbooksspecially___________(design)forprimaryschoolstudents.6.InthecarparkoftheNationalMuseumthereareparkingspaces___________(reserve)forpeoplewithdisabilities.drivenpollutedpackedcompleteddesignedreserved能够接动词过去分词作宾补的动词有以下四类：1.表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see，watch，observe，lookat，hear，listento，feel，notice，find等；如：IheardthesongsunginEnglish.我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。Hefoundhishometowngreatlychanged.他发现他的家乡变化很大。thesong为宾语，sung为宾语补足语,两者之间为动宾关系hishometown为宾语，changed为宾语补足语,两者之间为动宾关系三、过去分词作宾语补足语2.表示"使..."意义的动词。如∶have，make，get，keep，leave等；如：I'llhavemyhaircuttomorrow.明天我要理发。Hegothistoothpulledoutyesterday.他昨天把牙拔了。Don'tleavethosethingsundone.不要留下那些事情不做。宾语和宾语补足语之间为被动关系，为动宾关系3.表示"希望"、"要求"意义的动词，如∶wouldlike，order，want，wish等；Iwouldlikethismattersettledatonce.我希望此事立刻得到解决。Iwishmyhomeworkfinishedbeforefiveo'clock.我希望5点前完成我的作业。4.介词with+宾语+过去分词Theoutsidesightlooksbeautifulwitheverythingcoveredwithsnow.白雪覆盖着大地，屋外景色迷人。宾语和宾语补足语之间为被动关系，为动宾关系(1)JudyandIhadourcarparkedinanundergroundcarparknearTrafalgarSquare,wherewecouldgetourcarbatterycharged.(2)Whenwefinallyreachedtheservicedesktoaskforaudioguides,wehearditannouncedthattherewerenoaudioguidesleft.(3)WefoundourselvesverysurprisedbythelargenumberofvisitorsandtheamountofnoiseattheentranceofthenationalGallery.1.Readthesentencesandunderlinethe-edformastheobjectcomplement.【即学即练】(4)JudyhadhereyesfixedonVanGogh'sSunflowers.Itwashardtoapproachthepaintingasthereweresomanypeoplearound.(5)Shehadacopyofthepaintingboxedtoensurethatitwasdeliveredsafely.Thenewproductfinallypassedtherequiredtest.ItisahousebuiltbytheRomans.Hegothistoothpulledoutyesterday.Unfortunatelyhehadhislegbrokenyesterday.2.Readthesentencesandmatch.pastparticipleastheobjectcomplementpastparticipleastheattribute_______________________________________________________①②③(1)Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork___________(finish),hegladlyacceptedit.(2)JennyhopesthatMrSmithwillsuggestagoodwaytohaveherwrittenEnglish____________(improve)inashortperiod.(3)Heisverypopularamonghisstudentsashealwaystriestomakethem___________(interest)inhislectures.(4)Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.You’vehadit___________oftenenough.finishedimprovedinterestedexplained3.Fillintheblanks.过去分词作定语和宾语补足语过去分词作定语位置1.单个过去分词作前置定语，但有时为了强调也可放于被修饰词之后；过去分词短语作后置定语，作用相当于定语从句。2.如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no与thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等，单个过去分词或过去分词短语都放在被修饰词的后面。3.有些过去分词，如left(剩余的)，concerned(有关的)等，习惯用作后置定语。意义1.及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完成,即被修饰词通常是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者,且该动作已经完成。2.不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅表示完成,不表示被动。3.过去分词(短语)作非限制性定语,相当于非限制性定语从句,用来补充说明被修饰词的情况,通常用逗号与主句隔开。过去分词作宾语补足语1.用于feel,find,hear,notice,see,smell,observe,watch,think等表示感觉或心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语。2.用于get,have,make,keep,leave等使役动词后作宾语补足语。3.用在“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构中，宾语与过去分词在逻辑上存在被动关系。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。4.用在like，hate，want，wish，expect，order等表示爱憎、意愿、命令等动词后面作宾语补足语。

SummaryⅠ.单句语法填空(1)Shewasgladtoseeherchildwell___________(take)careof.(2)Afteraknockatthedoor,thechildheardhismother’svoice_________(call)him.(3)Fromthedates_________(mark)onthegoldcoin,wedecidedthatitwasmadefivehundredyearsago.(4)“Things______(lose)nevercomeagain!”Icouldn’thelptalkingtomyself.takencallingmarkedlost(5)TheTownHall____________inthe1800’swasthemostoutstandingbuildingatthattime.(6)Thenextthinghesawwassmoke_________(rise)frombehindthehouse.(7)Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifhewasfound________(smoke)inkitchen.(8)Sheheldherhands_____________(press)pressedagainstherface.(9)Hewon’tlikesuchquestions___________(discuss)atthemeeting(10)Alexandertriedtogethiswork__________

(recognize)inthemedicalcircles.

completed

rising

smoking

pressed

discussed

recognized1.LochNesswassurroundedbybeautifulnaturallandscape,whichmadeitlookamazing.2.Carlandhisfriendsstayedwithagenerousfamilywhoofferedthembreadwithbutte