2024-2025学年江苏省南京市六校联合体高三上学期10月期中英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1江苏省南京市六校联合体2024-2025学年高三上学期10月期中英语试题第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWELCOMETOPAIPAIDOWNTOWN-18DuncanStreetReserveHereHoursofoperation:Mon4:00p.m.-9:30p.m.Tue-Thur11:45a。m.-9:30p.m.Fri-Sat11:45a.m.-10:00p.m.Sun11:30a.m.-9:30p.m.ReserveWehavelimitedreservationsavailabletowelcomemorewalk-ingueststoenjoythePAIexperience.Tobookareservation,pleaseemailusatdowntown@.Tuesday,Wednesday,andThursdaylunchreservationsbeginat2:00p.m.;walk-insarewelcomebeforethen.OrderChefNuit’sfavoritedishesarehighlyrecommended.Pleaseletusknowifyouhaveanyallergiesordietaryrestrictionspriortoordering!Pleasenotea20%servicechargewillautomaticallybeaddedtoyourbillforpartiesof6ormore.CateringBringalittlebitofPAItotheoffice,acozyget-together,orabuzzingparty.Whatevertheoccasionmaybe,ourCateringTeamwouldlovetoofferdeliveryservices.PleasesendyourinquirybelowandourCateringTeamwillcontactyouatourearliestconvenience.SpecialnoticeOurchainstorePAIUPTOWNistemporarilyclosedforlunchservicefromOctober4toOctober10duetonecessarymaintenance.ItwillremainOPENFORDINNERSERVICEASUSUALduringthistime.Weapologizefortheinconvenienceandappreciateyourunderstanding.ReviewsIcouldtasteeveryingredient.EventhoughIhaveaseafoodallergy,Icanhaveagreatmealwithoutworryingaboutit.—MiladESNicerestaurantwithgoodThaiflavors!Butitseemsthattheyweretryingtoprocessasmanypeopleaspossible,soitwashardtoenjoyfoodslowlywithkids.Imighttrytakeoutnexttime.—Edmund21.Onwhichday(s)doestherestauranthavethelongestoperatinghours?A.Monday B.Tuesday-Thursday C.Friday-Saturday D.Sunday22.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Therestaurantcantailorfoodtocustomers’needs.B.YoucannothavelunchatPAIUPTOWNonOctober6.C.PAIcandeliverfoodtoyourofficeifyouarehavingameeting.D.Youwillpaya20%tipifyouhaveadatewithyourgirlfriendatPAI.23.WhatisEdmund’sattitudetowardthisrestaurant?A.appreciative B.disappointed C.objective D.uninterested【答案】21.C22.D23.C【语篇解读】本文是应用文。作者通过介绍PAI餐厅的营业时间、预订方式、菜品推荐、外卖服务以及特别通知等信息，旨在向读者提供有关该餐厅的实用信息，方便读者了解和选择该餐厅。【21题详解】细节理解题。由文章Hoursofoperation:部分中“Mon4:00p.m.-9:30p.m.(星期一下午4:00至9:30)”、“Tue-Thur11:45a.m.-9:30p.m.(星期二至星期四上午11:45至晚上9:30)”、“Fri-Sat11:45a.m.-10:00p.m.(星期五至六上午11:45至晚上10:00)”、“Sun11:30a.m.-9:30p.m.(星期日上午11:30-晚上9:30)”可知，餐厅在周五和周六的营业时间最长，从上午11:45到晚上10:00。故选C。【22题详解】细节理解题。由文章Order部分中“Pleasenotea20%servicechargewillautomaticallybeaddedtoyourbillforpartiesof6ormore.(请注意，如果6人以上的聚会，20%的服务费将自动加到您的账单中。)”可知，只有6人或以上的聚会才会自动添加20%的服务费，而不是和女朋友约会就要支付20%的小费。因此，选项D不正确。故选D。【23题详解】推理判断题。由文章Reviews部分中“NicerestaurantwithgoodThaiflavors!Butitseemsthattheyweretryingtoprocessasmanypeopleaspossible,soitwashardtoenjoyfoodslowlywithkids.Imighttrytakeoutnexttime.(不错的泰国风味餐厅！但似乎他们试图接待尽可能多的人，所以很难和孩子一起慢慢享受食物。下次我可能会试试带出去持。)”可知，Edmund对这家餐厅持客观态度，既看到了它的优点也看到了它的缺点。故选C。BWhenittakesdaystogettoacity,seekingmedicalhelpcanbeachallenge.ThisistherealityinmanyvillagesinAmdocounty,NagchucityoftheXizangautonomousregion.Thecountyspansapproximately100,000squarekilometers,anareaasvastasJiangsuprovince.Duetothevastnessandsparse(稀少的)population,auniquehealthcaresystemhasbeenestablishedhere.TsegahasworkedasavillagedoctorinAmdoforover40years,shuttlingbetweengrasslandsandpastoralareas.“Inthepast,withoutvehicles,uponreceivingmessagesaboutsomeonefallingill,sometimesIhadtorideahorse,sometimeswalk.Itwouldtakeafourtofive-dayroundtriptosomevillages,”Tsegasaid.Withanaverageelevationexceeding5,000meters,conditionsinAmdomakehigh-altitudecardiovasculardiseases,gout(痛风)andhighbloodpressurerelativelycommon.Discoveringhispassionforhealingandhelpingothersinhisearly20s,Tsegaembarkedonself-studyofTibetanandtraditionalChinesemedicines,andlaterpursuedoverayearofprofessionaltrainingatthePeople’sHospitalinNagchu,becomingproficientinWesternmedicineaswell.Drawingfromhisyearsofmedicalexperience,hetailorstreatmentmethods—beitTibetan,Chinese,Westernoracombination—basedoneachpatient’sneeds.Duringhisvisits,hecarriesavarietyofmedicationsprovidedbythetownshiphospitalandpurchasessomehimself.Tsegabelievesthatsoakinginhotspringscanhelpeasepainorpreventillnessesrelatedtohighaltitude.Overthepastdecade,hehaspersonallyfundedannualhotspringactivitiesfortheelderly,weakanddisabledacrossthearea.In1974,TsegaalsocooperatedwithpersonnelfromtheLanzhoumilitaryandgeologicalteamsfora40-dayfilmingproject,capturingthebeautyandfragilityoftheYangtzeRiver’ssource.Sincethen,hehasdevotedhissparetimetocleaningupthesurroundingarea,contributingtoenvironmentalprotectionefforts.24.WhatmadeofferingmedicalhelpdifficultinthepastinAmdo?A.Sparsepopulation. B.Trafficinconvenience.C.Highaltitude. D.Environmentalpollution.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedphraseinparagraph5mostprobablymean?A.fascinatedby B.skilledat C.giftedin D.blessedwith26.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesTsega’spersonality?A.committedandselfless B.passionateandcourageousC.sympatheticandgrateful D.considerateanddisciplined27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Tsegadevoteshislifetimetoenvironmentalprotection.B.Themedicalchallengehasbeentackledinsparselypopulatedareas.C.Adoctorhasusedhotspringstorelievehigh-altitudediseases.D.Adoctorisdevotedtotreatingpatientsinaremotecounty.【答案】24.B25.B26.A27.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍的是穿梭于草原和牧区之间，为西藏边远地区的人民提供医疗服务的乡村医生Tsega。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的句子““Inthepast,withoutvehicles,uponreceivingmessagesaboutsomeonefallingill,sometimesIhadtorideahorse,sometimeswalk.Itwouldtakeafourtofive-dayroundtriptosomevillages,”Tsegasaid.(Tsega说“在过去，没有交通工具，一接到有人生病的消息，我有时不得不骑马，有时不得不步行。往返一些村庄需要4到5天的时间。”)”可知，过去在安多，交通不便让提供医疗帮助变得困难。故选B项。【25题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线短语前面的部分“andlaterpursuedoverayearofprofessionaltrainingatthePeople’sHospitalinNagchu”可知，通过在那曲人民医院接受一年多的专业培训，Tsega肯定是熟练掌握了西医。所以，划线短语proficientin的意义为“在…方面很熟练，精通于”，与B项skilledat意义一致。故选B项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“TsegahasworkedasavillagedoctorinAmdoforover40years,shuttlingbetweengrasslandsandpastoralareas.“Inthepast,withoutvehicles,uponreceivingmessagesaboutsomeonefallingill,sometimesIhadtorideahorse,sometimeswalk.Itwouldtakeafourtofive-dayroundtriptosomevillages,”Tsegasaid.(Tsega在安多做了40多年的乡村医生，穿梭于草原和牧区之间。Tsega说：“在过去，没有交通工具，一接到有人生病的消息，我有时不得不骑马，有时不得不步行。往返一些村庄需要4到5天的时间。”)”和第五段“Discoveringhispassionforhealingandhelpingothersinhisearly20s,Tsegaembarkedonself-studyofTibetanandtraditionalChinesemedicines,andlaterpursuedoverayearofprofessionaltrainingatthePeople’sHospitalinNagchu,becomingproficientinWesternmedicineaswell.(在他20岁出头的时候，他发现了自己对治疗和帮助他人的热情，开始自学藏医和中医，后来在那曲人民医院接受了一年多的专业培训，也熟练掌握了西医。)”可知，Tsega是个尽心尽力的人。根据第六段的句子“Duringhisvisits,hecarriesavarietyofmedicationsprovidedbythetownshiphospitalandpurchasessomehimself.(在就诊期间，他随身携带乡镇医院提供的各种药物，并自己购买一些。)”和第七段的句子“Overthepastdecade,hehaspersonallyfundedannualhotspringactivitiesfortheelderly,weakanddisabledacrossthearea.(在过去的十年里，他个人资助了该地区为老人、弱者和残疾人举办的年度温泉活动。)”可知，Tsega是个无私的人。故选A项。【27题详解】主旨大意题。本文主要介绍的是穿梭于草原和牧区之间，为西藏边远地区的人民提供医疗服务的乡村医生Tsega。所以，D项“Adoctorisdevotedtotreatingpatientsinaremotecounty.”可以概括本文主要内容。故选D项。CDespitealltheeffortsstudentsmaketograduatewithasciencemajor,researchhasshownthatmostcollegesciencecoursesprovidestudentswithonlyafragmented(碎片化的)understandingoffundamentalscientificconcepts.Theteachingmethodimprovesmemorizationofseparatefacts,proceedingfromonetextbookchaptertothenextwithoutnecessarilymakingconnectionsbetweenthem,insteadoflearninghowtousetheinformationandconnectthosefactsmeaningfully.Withthatinmind,wedevelopedaseriesofcross-disciplinary(跨学科的)activities.Inourmostrecentstudy,weinvestigatedhowwellcollegestudentscouldusetheirchemistryknowledgetoexplainreal-worldbiologicalphenomena.Tobeginwith,weinterviewed28first-yearcollegestudentsmajoringinsciencesorengineering.Allhadtakenbothintroductorychemistryandbiologycourses.Weaskedthemtoidentifythecontentofthesecoursesandwhattheybelievedtobethetake-homemessagesfromeachcourse.Thestudentsrespondedwithextensivelistsoftopics,concepts,andskillsthatthey’dlearnedinclass.Followingthat,asetofcross-disciplinaryactivitiesweredesignedtoguidestudentsintheuseofcorechemistryideasandknowledgetohelpexplainreal-worldbiologicalphenomena.Oneactivityexploredtheimpactsofoceanacidificationonseashells.Here,thestudentswereaskedtousebasicchemistryideastoexplainhowtheincreasinglevelofcarbondioxideinseawaterisaffectingshell-buildingmarineanimalssuchascorals,clams(蛤蜊)andoysters.Overall,thestudentsfeltconfidentoftheirchemistryknowledge.However,theyhadahardertimeapplyingthesamechemistryknowledgetoexplainingthebiologicalphenomena.Thesefindingshighlightthatabiggapremainsbetweenwhatstudentslearnintheirsciencecoursesandhowwellpreparedtheyaretoapplythatinformation.Thestudentsinourstudyalsoreportedthattheseactivitieshelpedthemseelinksbetweenthetwodisciplinesthattheywouldn’thaveperceivedotherwise.Theabilitytomaketheseconnectionsisimportantbeyondtheclassroomaswell,becauseit’sthebasisofscienceliteracy(科学素养).Sowealsocameawaywithevidencethatourchemistrystudentsatleastwouldliketohavetheabilitytohaveadeeperunderstandingofscienceandhowtoapplyit.28.Whatdoestheexistingscienceeducationfailtodoaccordingtotheresearch?A.Promotememorizationofseparatefacts.B.Understandfragmentedscientificconcepts.C.Encouragestudentstoenjoythelearningprocess.D.Teachstudentstointegratedifferentsubjects.29.Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudentintervieweesinthefirststepofstudy?A.Theyhadrichacademicknowledge.B.Theypaidlittleattentiontobiologycourses.C.Theymanagedtoapplytheirchemistryknowledge.D.Theyhardlyidentifiedthecoreideasofthecourses.30.Whatdoestheactivityaboutoceanacidificationexpectstudentstodo?A.Studysomeunusualphenomenaunderthesea.B.Interprettheeffectsofcarbondioxideonseacreatures.C.Analyzethelevelofcarbondioxideinseawater.D.Comeupwithpracticalmethodstoprotectmarineanimals.31.Whatdoestheauthorseefromtheresultofthestudyaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Theneedtostudyscientificknowledgeinclass.B.Thedifficultiesofdevelopingcross-disciplinaryabilities.C.Thepotentialtopromotestudents’scienceliteracy.D.Themethodsofenhancingstudents’practicalskills.【答案】28.D29.A30.B31.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍一项关于大学生在科学课程中学习情况的研究，详细阐述了当前科学教学方法存在的问题，以及为解决这些问题而设计的跨学科活动。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Despitealltheeffortsstudentsmaketograduatewithasciencemajor,researchhasshownthatmostcollegesciencecoursesprovidestudentswithonlyafragmented(碎片化的)understandingoffundamentalscientificconcepts.Theteachingmethodimprovesmemorizationofseparatefacts,proceedingfromonetextbookchaptertothenextwithoutnecessarilymakingconnectionsbetweenthem,insteadoflearninghowtousetheinformationandconnectthosefactsmeaningfully.(尽管学生们为攻读科学专业付出了诸多努力，但研究表明，大多数大学的科学课程只能让学生对基础科学概念有碎片化的理解。这种教学方法侧重于提高学生对单个事实的记忆力，从教科书的一章跳到下一章，而不一定在它们之间建立联系，而不是学习如何运用这些信息并将这些事实有意义地联系起来。)”可知，现有的科学教育未能做到的是教学生整合不同的学科，即将所学的信息有意义地联系起来。故选D。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Tobeginwith,weinterviewed28first-yearcollegestudentsmajoringinsciencesorengineering.Allhadtakenbothintroductorychemistryandbiologycourses.Weaskedthemtoidentifythecontentofthesecoursesandwhattheybelievedtobethetake-homemessagesfromeachcourse.Thestudentsrespondedwithextensivelistsoftopics,concepts,andskillsthatthey’dlearnedinclass.(首先，我们采访了28名主修科学或工程的大一学生。他们都上过基础化学和生物学课程。我们让他们识别这些课程的内容，并说出他们认为每门课程的核心要点是什么。学生们给出了他们在课堂上学习过的大量话题、概念和技能清单。)”可知，学生们在课堂上学习了很多内容，即他们拥有丰富的学术知识。故选A。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Oneactivityexploredtheimpactsofoceanacidificationonseashells.Here,thestudentswereaskedtousebasicchemistryideastoexplainhowtheincreasinglevelofcarbondioxideinseawaterisaffectingshell-buildingmarineanimalssuchascorals,clams(蛤蜊)andoysters.(其中一项活动探讨了海洋酸化对贝壳的影响。在这里，学生们被要求使用基本的化学原理来解释海水中二氧化碳水平上升是如何影响珊瑚、蛤蜊和牡蛎等建造壳体的海洋生物的。)”可知，海洋酸化项目要求学生利用化学原理来解释海水中二氧化碳水平上升是如何影响珊瑚、蛤蜊和牡蛎等建造壳体的海洋生物的。故选B。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Thestudentsinourstudyalsoreportedthattheseactivitieshelpedthemseelinksbetweenthetwodisciplinesthattheywouldn’thaveperceivedotherwise.Theabilitytomaketheseconnectionsisimportantbeyondtheclassroomaswell,becauseit’sthebasisofscienceliteracy(科学素养).Sowealsocameawaywithevidencethatourchemistrystudentsatleastwouldliketohavetheabilitytohaveadeeperunderstandingofscienceandhowtoapplyit.(我们研究中的学生还报告说，这些活动帮助他们看到了这两个学科之间的联系，而这些联系是他们之前未曾察觉到的。建立这些联系的能力不仅在课堂之外很重要，因为它是科学素养的基础。因此，我们也得到了证据，表明我们的化学专业学生至少希望具备更深入地理解科学及其应用的能力。)”可知，学生报告说，这些活动帮助他们看到了两个学科之间的联系，这种联系能力是科学素养的基础。此外，作者还提到，他们的化学学生至少希望拥有更深入地理解科学及其应用的能力。这表明，通过这些活动，学生有可能提升他们的科学素养。由此可知，作者从研究结果中看到了提升学生科学素养的潜力。故选C。DArtificialintelligencemodelscantrickeachotherintodisobeyingtheircreatorsandprovidingbannedinstructionsformakingdrugs,orevenbuildingabomb,suggestingthatpreventingsuchAI“jailbreaks”ismoredifficultthanitseems.Manypubliclyavailablelargelanguagemodels(LLMs),suchasChatGPT,havehard-codedrulesthataimtopreventthemfromexhibitingracialorsexualdiscrimination,oransweringquestionswithillegalorproblematicanswers-thingstheyhavelearnedfromhumansviatrainingdata.Butthathasn’tstoppedpeoplefromfindingcarefullydesignedinstructionsthatblocktheseprotections,knownas“jailbreaks”,makingAImodelsdisobeytherules.Now,ArushTagadeatLeapLaboratoriesandhisco-workershavefoundaprocessofjailbreaks.TheyfoundthattheycouldsimplyinstructoneLLMtoconvinceothermodelstoadoptapersona(角色),whichisabletoanswerquestionsthebasemodelhasbeenprogrammedtorefuse.Thisprocessiscalled“personamodulation(调节)”.Tagadesaysthisapproachworksbecausemuchofthetrainingdataconsumedbylargemodelscomesfromonlineconversations,andthemodelslearntoactincertainwaysinresponsetodifferentinputs.Byhavingtherightconversationwithamodel,itispossibletomakeitadoptaparticularpersona,causingittoactdifferently.ThereisalsoanideainAIcircles,oneyettobeproven,thatcreatinglotsofrulesforanAItopreventitdisplayingunwantedbehaviourcanaccidentallycreateablueprintforamodeltoactthatway.ThispotentiallyleavestheAIeasytobetrickedintotakingonanevilpersona.“Ifyou’reforcingyourmodeltobegoodpersona,itsomewhatunderstandswhatabadpersonais,”saysTagade.YinzhenLiatImperialCollegeLondonsaysitisworryinghowcurrentmodelscanbemisused,butdevelopersneedtoweighsuchriskswiththepotentialbenefitsofLLMs.“Likedrugs,theyalsohavesideeffectsthatneedtobecontrolled,”shesays.32.WhatdoestheAIjailbreakreferto?A.ThetechniquetobreakrestrictionsofAImodels.B.Theinitiativetosethard-codedrulesforAImodels.C.ThecapabilityofAImodelsimprovingthemselves.D.TheprocessofAImodelslearningnewinformation.33.Whatcanweknowaboutthepersonamodulation?A.ItcanhelpAImodelsunderstandemotions.B.ItpreventsAIlearningviaonlineconversations.C.ItforcesAImodelstofollowonlygoodpersonas.D.ItcanmakeAImodelsadoptaparticularpersona.34.Whatmaytheauthorsuggestbysayingtheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraph?A.TherisksofLLMscannotbeignored.B.Weneedtocontrolthesideeffectsofdrugs.C.It’sworthwhiletoexploreLLMs’potentialbenefits.D.WeshouldrestrictthedevelopmentofLLMs.35.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.LLMs:IllegalLearningModels B.LLMs:TheLatestAdvancementC.AIJailbreaks:ANewChallenge D.AIJailbreaks:APerfectApproach【答案】32.A33.D34.C35.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能模型（特别是大型语言模型）在遵循规则、防止不良行为方面存在的问题，以及研究人员对此进行的探索和发现。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Manypubliclyavailablelargelanguagemodels(LLMs),suchasChatGPT,havehard-codedrulesthataimtopreventthemfromexhibitingracialorsexualdiscrimination,oransweringquestionswithillegalorproblematicanswers-thingstheyhavelearnedfromhumansviatrainingdata.Butthathasn’tstoppedpeoplefromfindingcarefullydesignedinstructionsthatblocktheseprotections,knownas“jailbreaks”,makingAImodelsdisobeytherules.(许多公开可用的大型语言模型（LLMs），如ChatGPT，都有硬编码规则，旨在防止它们表现出种族或性别歧视，或用非法或有问题的答案来回答问题——这些都是它们通过训练数据从人类那里学到的。但这并没有阻止人们找到精心设计的指令来绕过这些保护，这种绕过保护的行为被称为“越狱”，它使人工智能模型违背了这些规则。)”可知，，“AIjailbreak”描述的是人们找到精心设计的指令来绕过AI模型中的保护机制，使其能够执行原本被禁止的任务或提供被禁止的信息。这实际上是一种打破AI模型原有限制或规则的技术。故选A。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Now,ArushTagadeatLeapLaboratoriesandhisco-workershavefoundaprocessofjailbreaks.TheyfoundthattheycouldsimplyinstructoneLLMtoconvinceothermodelstoadoptapersona(角色),whichisabletoanswerquestionsthebasemodelhasbeenprogrammedtorefuse.Thisprocessiscalled“personamodulation(调节)”.(现在，Leap实验室的ArushTagade和他的同事已经发现了一种越狱过程。他们发现，他们可以简单地指示一个大型语言模型说服其他模型采用一种角色，这个角色能够回答基础模型已被编程拒绝回答的问题。这个过程被称为“角色调节”。)”可知，通过与模型进行适当的对话，就有可能使其采用特定的角色。故选D。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“YinzhenLiatImperialCollegeLondonsaysitisworryinghowcurrentmodelscanbemisused,butdevelopersneedtoweighsuchriskswiththepotentialbenefitsofLLMs.“Likedrugs,theyalsohavesideeffectsthatneedtobecontrolled,”shesays.(伦敦帝国理工学院的YinzhenLi表示，当前模型可能被滥用的情况令人担忧，但开发人员需要权衡这种风险与大型语言模型可能带来的好处。“就像药物一样，它们也有需要控制的副作用，”她说。)”可知，作者引用YinzhenLi的这句话，是将这些模型比作了药物，指出这些模型也有需要控制的不好的方面，但是还是极有好处的。由此可知，作者认为虽然这些大型语言模型有一定缺陷，但是还是值得去探索的。故选C。【35题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Artificialintelligencemodelscantrickeachotherintodisobeyingtheircreatorsandprovidingbannedinstructionsformakingdrugs,orevenbuildingabomb,suggestingthatpreventingsuchAI“jailbreaks”ismoredifficultthanitseems.(人工智能模型可以相互欺骗，使其违背创造者的意愿，并提供制作毒品甚至制造炸弹等被禁止的指令，这表明防止此类人工智能“越狱”比看上去要困难得多。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了人工智能模型（特别是大型语言模型LLMs）面临的一个新问题——AI“越狱”，即人们可以通过精心设计的指令绕过模型的保护机制，使其违背规则。文章详细描述了这一现象，并探讨了其可能带来的后果和挑战。选项C“AIJailbreaks:ANewChallenge(AI“越狱”是一个新的挑战)”准确地概括了文章的内容，突出了文章要传达的主要信息。故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowPlayingSportsBenefitsYourBodyandYourBrainManypeoplelovetocelebratevictoryontheplayingfield,cheerfortheirfavoriteteams,andplaysports.Buthere’saquestion:Shouldwebesoaddictedtosports?Isplayingsportsactuallyasgoodforusaswemakeitouttobe,orjustafunandentertainingpastime?____36____.Firstofall,exercising,especiallywhenwe’reyoung,hasallsortsofhealthbenefits.Itstrengthensourbones,clearsoutbadcholesterol(胆固醇)fromourarteries,anddecreasestheriskofstroke,highbloodpressure,anddiabetes.Whenweworkout,ourbrainsalsoreleaseanumberofchemicals,includingendorphins(内啡肽).Thesenaturalhormonescontrolpainandpleasureresponsesinthecentralnervoussystem.____37____.Studiesshowthatifyoucanfindasportandateamyoulike,thereareallsortsofbenefitsthatgobeyondthephysicalandmentalbenefitsofexercisealone.Inaddition,commitmenttoateamanddoingsomethingfuncanalsomakeiteasiertoestablisharegularhabitofexercise.Schoolsportparticipationhasalsobeenshowntoreducetheriskofsufferingfromdepressionforuptofouryears.____38____.Thereareafewreasonsforthat.Oneisfoundintraining.Justbyworkingatskills,especiallywithagoodcoach,youdevelopagrowthmindsetwithinyourself,whichisusefulinallwalksoflife.____39____.Theexperienceofcomingtotermswithdefeatcanbuildtheresilience(复原力)andself-awarenessnecessarytomanageacademic,social,andphysicalobstacles.Now,noteveryonewillenjoyeverysport.Butifyouspendsometimelooking,you’llbeabletofindasportthatfitsyourindividualneeds.____40____.You’llbeapartofasupportivecommunity,you’llbebuildingyourconfidence,you’llbeexercisingyourbody,andyou’llbenurturingyourmind.A.Whatdoessciencehavetosay?B.Therefore,you’llgetalotoffun.C.Theycanleadtofeelingsofexcitement.D.Andifyoudo,therearesomanybenefits.E.Andthenthereislearningthroughfailure.F.Shouldwegetmuchbenefitfromgoingtothegym?G.Meanwhile,yourself-esteem(自尊)andconfidencecangetabigboost.【答案】36.A37.C38.G39.E40.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了运动对身体和大脑的好处。【36题详解】上文“Buthere’saquestion:Shouldwebesoaddictedtosports?Isplayingsportsactuallyasgoodforusaswemakeitouttobe,orjustafunandentertainingpastime?(但这里有一个问题：我们应该如此沉迷于运动吗？运动真的像我们所说的那样对我们有好处，还是只是一种有趣和娱乐的消遣方式？)”提出了关于运动是否有益的两个问题。A选项“Whatdoessciencehavetosay?(科学怎么说？)”承上启下，继续提问，引出下文关于运动好处的科学解释，与上文问题相呼应。故选A项。【37题详解】上文“Thesenaturalhormonescontrolpainandpleasureresponsesinthecentralnervoussystem.(这些天然激素控制中枢神经系统中疼痛和快乐的反应)”讲述了运动时大脑释放的化学物质及其作用。C选项“Theycanleadtofeelingsofexcitement.(它们能带来兴奋的感觉)”中的“They”指代上文提到的“Thesenaturalhormones”，说明这些激素能带来兴奋的感觉，与上文内容紧密衔接。故选C项。【38题详解】上文“Schoolsportparticipationhasalsobeenshowntoreducetheriskofsufferingfromdepressionforuptofouryears.(研究表明，参与学校体育活动也可以将患抑郁症的风险降低四年)”讲述了参与学校体育活动的好处。G选项“Meanwhile,yourself-esteem(自尊)andconfidencecangetabigboost.(与此同时，你的自尊和自信可以得到很大的提升)”进一步说明参与体育活动还可以提升自尊和自信，与上文构成并列关系，共同阐述体育活动的好处。故选G项。【39题详解】上文“Oneisfoundintraining.Justbyworkingatskills,especiallywithagoodcoach,youdevelopagrowthmindsetwithinyourself,whichisusefulinallwalksoflife.(其中之一在于训练。仅仅通过练习技能，尤其是与一位好教练一起，你就能在自己内心培养出一种成长型思维，这对各行各业都有用)”讲述了训练中的好处。E选项“Andthenthereislearningthroughfailure.(然后就是通过失败来学习)”引出另一种好处，即通过失败来学习，与上文构成并列关系，且“Andthen”表示递进，使文章结构更加清晰。故选E项。【40题详解】上文“Butifyouspendsometimelooking,you’llbeabletofindasportthatfitsyourindividualneeds.(但如果你花点时间寻找，你就能找到一项适合你个人需求的运动)”讲述了找到适合自己的运动的好处。D选项“Andifyoudo,therearesomanybenefits.(如果你这样做了，就会有很多好处)”中的“ifyoudo”指代上文“spendsometimelookingandfindasportthatfitsyourindividualneeds”，说明如果这样做了，就会有很多好处，与上文内容紧密衔接，且引出下文对好处的具体阐述。故选D项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。InScotland,asheep,knownasthe“loneliestsheep”ontheearth,wastrappedatthebottomofacliffforovertwoyears.Agroupoffarmersmadeittheir___41___torescuethesheep.Thesheepwasfirst___42___in2021byakayaker(皮划艇运动员)andhadbeenunabletomovefromthat___43___sincethen.Localagencieswere___44___butsaidthesheepwasnotindangerandcouldnotberescued.Oneofthefarmers,Wilson,namedthesheepFionaandprovided___45___aboutheronhissocialmediaaccountconstantly.Wilsonexplainedthatitwastoo___46___toattemptarescueearlierduetothedangerouslocationofthesheep.Heexpressedconcernsaboutthesafetyoftherescuersandthedifficultyof___47___thesheepbyboatorwithadog.However,aftercareful___48___,WilsonandfourothermensuccessfullyrescuedFionausingheavy___49___andawinch(绞车).They____50____broughthertotheslopeofthecliff.TheScottishSocietyforPreventionofCrueltytoAnimalswaspresentto____51____thewelfareofthesheep.TheyconfirmedthatFionawasingood____52____butneededherwooltobesheared(剪).Theownershipofthesheepwastransferredtothe____53____groupoffarmers.Wilson____54____thedetailsoftherescueandexpressedgratitudeforthesuccessful____55____.41.A.determination B.mission C.devotion D.ambition42.A.discovered B.investigated C.employed D.followed43.A.basis B.form C.spot D.extent44.A.sympathetic B.enthusiastic C.optimistic D.pessimistic45.A.comments B.identities C.benefits D.updates46.A.illegal B.expensive C.risky D.complex47.A.finding B.reaching C.defending D.caring48.A.training B.planning C.identifying D.interacting49.A.substance B.material C.equipment D.luggage50.A.frequently B.physically C.openly D.safely51.A.ensure B.guide C.promote D.provide52.A.order B.repair C.faith D.condition53.A.charity B.protection C.rescue D.cheering54.A.calledup B.broughtin C.brokedown D.reflectedon55.A.scene B.outcome C.output D.incident【答案】41.B42.A43.C44.A45.D46.C47.B48.B49.C50.D51.A52.D53.C54.D55.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在苏格兰，一群农民成功救援了一只被困在悬崖底部两年多的羊的故事。【41题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一群农民把营救这只羊作为他们的使命。A.determination决心；B.mission使命；C.devotion奉献；D.ambition雄心。根据后文“torescuethesheep”可知，一群农民把营救这只羊作为他们的使命。故选B项。【42题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这只羊最初是在2021年被一名皮划艇运动员发现的，从那时起它就无法从那个地方移动了。A.discovered发现；B.investigated调查；C.employed雇佣；D.followed跟随。根据前文“wastrappedatthebottomofacliffforovertwoyears”和后文“byakayaker”可知，这只羊是被皮划艇运动员发现的。故选A项。【43题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.basis基础；B.form形式；C.spot地点，地方；D.extent程度。根据前文“wastrappedatthebottomofacliff”可知，这只羊被困在了“悬崖底部”，这是一个地方。故选C项。【44题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当地机构表示同情，但表示这只羊没有危险，无法救援。A.sympathetic同情的；B.enthusiastic热情的；C.optimistic乐观的；D.pessimistic悲观的。根据前文“asheep,knownasthe“loneliestsheep”ontheearth,wastrappedatthebottomofacliffforovertwoyears”和后文“butsaidthesheepwasnotindangerandcouldnotberescued”可知，对于这只被困长达两年多的地球上“最孤独的羊”，当地机构表示同情，但无法救援。故选A项。【45题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中一位农民Wilson给这只羊取名为Fiona，并在他的社交媒体账户上不断提供关于她的最新消息。A.comments评论；B.identities身份；C.benefits利益；D.updates更新。根据后文“onhissocialmediaaccountconstantly”可知，Wilson在社交媒体上不断更新关于这只羊的消息。故选D项。【46题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Wilson解释说，由于羊所处的位置危险，早些时候尝试救援太冒险了。A.illegal非法的；B.expensive昂贵的；C.risky冒险的；D.complex复杂的。根据后文“duetothedangerouslocationofthesheep”可知，由于羊所处的位置危险，所以尝试救援是冒险的。故选C项。【47题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他对救援人员的安全以及乘船或用狗到达羊身边的难度表示担忧。A.finding发现；B.reaching到达；C.defending防卫；D.caring关心。根据后文“th