2024-2025学年广东省汕头市高二上学期第一次月考英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1广东省汕头市2024-2025学年高二上学期第一次月考英语试题本试卷共三部分，共8页。时间120分钟，满分130分。第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）ATheMostBeautifulSeasintheWorldConsideringthemostbeautifulseas,it’sworthpayingattentiontothesouthernwaterbodies,although,withoutdoubt,eachseaisattractiveandcharminginitsownway.Themostbeautifulseaintheworld-CoralSeaIfweconsiderthebeautyoftheseas,andnottheircoasts,thenthefirstplaceshouldbegiventotheCoralSea.TheCoralSeaisadangerousplaceforsailors,andatthesametimeoneofthemostbeautifulplacesfordiving,andallthisisduetotheuniquecoralreefsthatareatitsbottom.Thesecondplace-RedSeaTheRedSeaisatrulymagnificentplace.Ithasrichfishstocks,ahugenumberofamazingcreaturesliveinit,andtheunderwaterworldisexceptionallyrich.Manycoralsliveonlyhere,anddiversarestrictlyforbiddentobreakthem.Thethirdplace-CaribbeanThisisthewarmestexotic(异域风情的)placewherenotonlytheseabutalsotheplantsonitscoastpleasetheeye.It’slocatedbetweenNorthandSouthAmerica,andonitsshorethereareanumberofsmallcountries.Manytouristscomehere,becauseresthereisinexpensive,andyoucanexperiencedifferentculturaltraditions.Thefourthplace-BaliSeaTheBaliSeaislocatedinthePacificOcean.Thisisanotherparadise(天堂)forrelaxation，receivingmanytouristseveryseason.Theseahasawarmclimate,creatingidealconditionsforrelaxingontheislandsofJava,Sulawesi,Sumbawa,Madura.1.ForwhichgroupofpeopleistheCoralSeamostsuitable?A.Visitorshopingforbeautifulandrelaxingcoasts.B.Swimmerslookingforthebestswimmingpools.C.Professionaldiverswithadvancedequipment.D.Youngsailorshopingtofinduniquecoralreefs.2.Whereshouldyougoifyoulikevariousseacreatures?A.CoralSea. B.RedSea. C.Caribbean. D.BaliSea.3.WhydomanyvisitorscometotheCaribbean?A.Toappreciatedifferentcultureswithlesscost.B.Tolookformorecoralsandthebestplacestodive.C.Toadmirehowvolcanoeseruptinashortdistance.D.TorelaxontheislandsofJava,Sulawesiandsoon.【答案】1.C2.B3.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了世界上最美丽的四大海洋：海珊瑚海、红海、加勒比海、巴厘海。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Themostbeautifulseaintheworld-CoralSea部分“TheCoralSeaisadangerousplaceforsailors,andatthesametimeoneofthemostbeautifulplacesfordiving,andallthisisduetotheuniquecoralreefsthatareatitsbottom.”（珊瑚海对水手来说是一个危险的地方，同时也是潜水最美丽的地方之一，而这一切都归功于海底独特的珊瑚礁。）可知配备先进设备的专业潜水员最适合去珊瑚海。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Thesecondplace-RedSea部分“TheRedSeaisatrulymagnificentplace.Ithasrichfishstocks,ahugenumberofamazingcreaturesliveinit,andtheunderwaterworldisexceptionallyrich.”（红海是一个真正壮丽的地方。它有丰富的鱼类种群，生活着大量令人惊叹的生物，水下世界异常丰富。）可知如果你喜欢各种各样的海洋生物，你应该去红海。故选B项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Thethirdplace-Caribbean部分的“Manytouristscomehere,becauseresthereisinexpensive,andyoucanexperiencedifferentculturaltraditions.”（许多游客来到这里，因为这里的休闲很便宜，你可以体验不同的文化传统。）许多游客来到加勒比海是为了以更低的成本欣赏不同的文化。故选A项。BAfamousAmericanpoetRobertFrostoncesaid,“Poetryiswhatgetslostintranslation.”ButXuYuanchong,well-knownChinesetranslator,hadtriedtoconveythebeautyofancientChinesepoetrythroughouthislife.HisteacherQianZhongshucommentedonhispoetrytranslation,“Youaredancingwhilechainedbyrhymeandrhythm,butthedanceshowsamazingfreedomandbeauty,whichisquiteimpressive.”Since1978,Xuhadpublishedmorethan100translatedworksinChinese,EnglishandFrench,reachingmillionsofreadersathomeandabroad.Mostnotably,hetranslatedChinesepoemsintorhymedversesinbothEnglishandFrench.HewasalsothefirstAsianwinneroftheAuroraBorealisPrizeforOutstandingTranslationofFictionLiterature.Xuwasknowntobeveryfastidiousinhiswork.Forhim,Englishisa“scientific”languagethatneedsexactnesswhileChineseisan“artistic”languagethatincludesawiderrangeofcontent.Followingthisprinciple,Xukeptnotonlyfaithfulnessinthesensebutbeautyinsensibilityinhistranslation.ThroughXu’stranslations,time-honoredChinesewisdomhasmadeanimpactonWesternsocietiesandtheworld.Forexample,whenformerUSpresidentBarackObamatriedtobeginahealthcareprojectduringhispresidency,somesenatorsdisagreedatfirst.ButafterreadingthepoemtitledFishinginSnowtranslatedbyXu,onesenatorwassoimpressedwiththefisherman’sindependentthinkingthathechosetopartwiththepartylinetosupportObama.Havingmadesuchgreatachievements,Xumaintainedaroutine.Everydayhetranslatedabout1,000words,workingtill3to4a.m.,sleepingforabout3hoursandgettingupat6a.m.tocontinue.“Translationisameansofcommunicatingwiththewriter’ssoul.Asuddenflickerofagoodwordoragoodlinethrillseverypore(毛孔)andeveryinchofmyskin,”Xusaid.4.WhatdoesthetexttellusaboutXuYuanchong?A.Hemasteredatleastthreeforeignlanguages.B.Hetranslatedabout100ChineseworksintoEnglish.C.HewasthefirstwinneroftheAuroraBorcalisPrize.D.Hewaswidelyknownforhistranslatedrhymedverses.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fastidious”inParagraph3mean?A.Particular. B.Satisfied. C.Inventive. D.Productive.6.WhydoestheauthorgivetheexampleinParagraph4?A.TorecommendXu’stranslationworks. B.TostressthecharmofChinesepoetry.C.ToshowXu’sgreattranslationskills. D.ToprovethewisdomoftheancientChinese.7.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeXu?A.Thoughtfulandmodest. B.GenerousandobjectiveC.Creativeandopen-minded. D.Devotedandhard-working.【答案】4.D5.A6.C7.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国著名翻译家许渊冲对于翻译的贡献。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Since1978,Xuhadpublishedmorethan100translatedworksinChinese,EnglishandFrench,reachingmillionsofreadersathomeandabroad.Mostnotably,hetranslatedChinesepoemsintorhymedversesinbothEnglishandFrench.(自1978年以来，许出版了100多部中、英、法翻译作品，在国内外拥有数百万读者。最值得注意的是，他将中国诗歌翻译成英语和法语的押韵诗)”可知，他以翻译押韵诗而广为人知。故选D。【5题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词后的“Forhim,Englishisa“scientific”languagethatneedsexactnesswhileChineseisan“artistic”languagethatincludesawiderrangeofcontent.Followingthisprinciple,Xukeptnotonlyfaithfulnessinthesensebutbeautyinsensibilityinhistranslation.(对他来说，英语是一种“科学”语言，需要精确，而汉语是一种“艺术”语言，包含更广泛的内容。遵循这一原则，他在翻译中既保持了意义上的忠实，又保持了情感上的美)”可知，本段主要讲述了许渊冲先生在他的翻译中不仅追求“直”也追求“美”，由此可推知，他在翻译时是极其严谨和注重细节的。fastidious意为“讲究的，挑剔的”。故选A。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Forexample,whenformerUSpresidentBarackObamatriedtobeginahealthcareprojectduringhispresidency,somesenatorsdisagreedatfirst.ButafterreadingthepoemtitledFishinginSnowtranslatedbyXu,onesenatorwassoimpressedwiththefisherman’sindependentthinkingthathechosetopartwiththepartylinetosupportObama.(例如，当美国前总统BarackObama在其任期内试图启动一项医疗保健项目时，一些参议员起初表示反对。但在阅读了许翻译的《江雪》这首诗后，一位参议员被这位渔夫的独立思考所打动，选择放弃党派路线，转而支持奥巴马)”可推知，本段是为了说明许渊冲的翻译技巧之高。故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Since1978,Xuhadpublishedmorethan100translatedworksinChinese,EnglishandFrench,reachingmillionsofreadersathomeandabroad.(自1978年以来，许出版了100多部中、英、法翻译作品，在国内外拥有数百万读者)”以及最后一段“Havingmadesuchgreatachievements,Xumaintainedaroutine.Everydayhetranslatedabout1,000words,workingtill3to4a.m.,sleepingforabout3hoursandgettingupat6a.m.tocontinue.‘Translationisameansofcommunicatingwiththewriter’ssoul.Asuddenflickerofagoodwordoragoodlinethrillseverypore(毛孔)andeveryinchofmyskin,’Xusaid.(取得如此大的成就后，许保持着常规。他每天翻译大约1000个单词，工作到凌晨3、4点，睡3个小时左右，早上6点起床继续工作。‘翻译是与作者心灵交流的一种方式。突然闪现的一个好词或一条好线让我的每一个毛孔和每一寸皮肤都兴奋不已。’许说)”可推知，许渊冲热衷于翻译事业且非常努力。故选D。CMillionsofpeoplepassthroughthegatesoftheDisneyparksinCalifornia,FloridaandTokyo,Japaneachyear.Whatmakestheseplacesalmostuniversalattractions?WhatmakesforeignkingsandqueensandotherimportantpeoplewanttovisittheseDisneyparks?Well,onereasonisthewayDisneyservestheir“guests”.Allnewemployees,fromvice-presidentstopart-timeworkers,begintheiremploymentbyattendingDisneyUniversityandtaking“Traditions”.Here,theylearnaboutthecompany’shistory,howitismanagedandwhyitissuccessful.Theyareshownhoweachdepartmentrelatestothewhole.Allemployeesareshownhowtheirpartisimportantinmakingtheparkasuccess.Afterpassing“Traditions”,theemployeesgoontomorespecializedtrainingfortheirspecificjobs.Nodetailismissed.Asimplejobliketakingticketsrequireseight-hourdaysoftraining.Whenonetickettakerwasaskedwhyittooksomuchtrainingforsuchasimple,ordinaryjob,hereplied,“Whathappensifsomeonewantstoknowwheretherestroomsare,whentheparadestartsorwhichbustotakebacktothecampgrounds?Weneedtoknowtheanswersorwheretogetthemquickly.Ourconstantaimistohelpourguestsenjoythemselves.”EvenDisney'smanagersgetinvolvedinthedailymanagementofthepark.Everyyear,themanagersleavetheirdesksandbusinesssuitsandputonspecialserviceclothes.Forafullweek,thebossessellhotdogsoricecream,taketicketsordrivethemonorail,andtakeupanyofthe100jobsthatmaketheparkcomealive.Themanagersagreethatthisweekhelpsthemtoseethecompany’sgoalsmoreclearly.AlltheseeffortstoservethepublicwellhavemadeWaltDisneyfamous.DisneyisconsideredbymanyasthebestmassserviceproviderinAmericaortheworld.8.WhatdoallnewemployeesdoonthefirstdaytheycometoDisneyparks?A.Theybeginbyreceivingon-the-jobtraining. B.Theymustlearnseveraljobs.C.Theybeginastickettakers. D.TheyhavealreadyattendedDisneyUniversity.9.WhatisthemainobjectiveoftheDisneyemployees?A.Tolearnallpartsofthebusiness. B.Toseethattheirguestsenjoythemselves.C.Tobeabletoanswerallkindsofquestions. D.Tokeeptheirimportantguestshappy.10.Whydomanagerswearspecialserviceclothesandworkintheparkeachyear?A.Tosetagoodexampletoemployees.B.ToremindthemselvesoftheirbeginningsatDisney.C.Togainabetterviewofthecompany'sobjectives.D.Toreplaceemployeesonholiday.11.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?A.HowDisneyemployeesaretrained.B.ThehistoryandtraditionsoftheDisneyenterprises.C.WhyDisneyenterprisesmakealotofmoney.D.TheimportanceDisneyenterprisesplaceonservingpeoplewell.【答案】8.A9.B10.C11.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。每年都有数百万人穿过加利福尼亚、佛罗里达和日本东京的迪斯尼乐园的大门。是什么让这些地方几乎成为世界各地的景点？好吧，一个重要的原因是迪斯尼服务他们“客人”的方式。文章从开始描述的迪斯尼的总体服务到员工的岗前培训、特殊工种训练、经理层每年一周的亲身体会，无不显示了迪斯尼在使游客满意方面给予的高度重视。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段Allnewemployees,fromvice-presidentstopart-timeworkers,begintheiremploymentbyattendingDisneyUniversityandtaking“Traditions”.Here,theylearnaboutthecompany’shistory,howitismanagedandwhyitissuccessful.Theyareshownhoweachdepartmentrelatestothewhole.Allemployeesareshownhowtheirpartisimportantinmakingtheparkasuccess.可知所有的新员工，从副总裁到兼职员工，都是通过在迪士尼大学学习和“传统”开始他们的工作的。在这里，他们会了解公司的历史、管理方式和成功的原因。他们会看到每个部门与整体的关系。所有的员工都会被告知，他们的角色对于乐园的成功是多么的重要。由此可知，所有的新员工在来迪士尼乐园的第一天从接受在职培训开始。故选A。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句Ourconstantaimistohelpourguestsenjoythemselves.可知我们一贯的目标是帮助客人玩的开心。由此可知，迪士尼员工的主要目标是看他们的客人玩得开心。故选B。【10题详解】细节理解题：根据第四段中Everyyear,themanagersleavetheirdesksandbusinesssuitsandputonspecialserviceclothes.Forafullweek,thebossessellhotdogsoricecream,taketicketsordrivethemonorail,andtakeupanyofthe100jobsthatmaketheparkcomealive.Themanagersagreethatthisweekhelpsthemtoseethecompany’sgoalsmoreclearly.可知每年，经理们都离开他们的办公桌，脱下西装，穿上特殊的服务服。在整整一周的时间里，老板们卖热狗或冰激凌，收门票或开单轨车，从事让公园变得生机勃勃的100项工作中的任何一项。经理们一致认为，这一周有助于他们更清晰地理解公司的目标。由此可知，管理人员每年都要穿特殊的服务服来园区工作，是为了更好地了解公司的目标。故选C。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段AlltheseeffortstoservethepublicwellhavemadeWaltDisneyfamous.DisneyisconsideredbymanyasthebestmassserviceproviderinAmericaortheworld.可知所有这些服务公众的努力已经使华特迪士尼出名。迪斯尼被许多人认为是美国或世界上最好的大众服务提供商。结合文章主要介绍了迪士尼公司严格的训练管理和优质的服务。由此可知，这篇文章主要讲了迪斯尼企业重视为人们提供良好的服务。故选D。DWhoisagenius?Thisquestionhasgreatlyinterestedhumankindforcenturies.Let’sstateclearly:Einsteinwasagenius.Hisfaceisalmosttheinternationalsymbolforgenius.Butwewanttogobeyondonemanandexplorethenatureofgeniusitself.Whyisitthatsomepeoplearesomuchmoreintelligentorcreativethantherestofus?Andwhoarethey?Inthesciencesandarts,thosepraisedasgeniusesweremostoftenwhitemen,ofEuropeanorigin.Perhapsthisisnotasurprise.It’ssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,andthosevictorssetthestandardsforadmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub—women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief—theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.AstudyrecentlypublishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikelythanboystosaythatmembersoftheirgender(性别)are“really,reallysmart.”Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief:Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoare“really,reallysmart.”Canourplanetaffordtohaveanygreatthinkersbecomediscouragedandgiveup?Itdoesn’ttakeageniustoknowtheanswer:absolutelynot.Here’sthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we’reallpositionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.Andthemorewelook,themorewewillseethatsocialfactors(因素)likegender,race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith“intelligence,creativity,perseverance(毅力),andsimplegoodfortune,whoareabletochangetheworld.”12.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofvictors’standardsforjoiningthegeniusclub?A.They’reunfair. B.They’reconservative.C.They’reobjective. D.They’restrict.13.WhatcanweinferaboutgirlsfromthestudyinScience?A.Theythinkthemselvessmart.B.Theylookuptogreatthinkers.C.Theyseegenderdifferencesearlierthanboys.D.Theyarelikelytobeinfluencedbysocialbeliefs14.Whyaremoregeniusesknowntothepublic?A.Improvedglobalcommunication.B.Lessdiscriminationagainstwomen.C.Acceptanceofvictors’concepts.D.Changesinpeople’ssocialpositions.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.GeniusesThinkAlike B.GeniusTakesManyFormsC.GeniusandIntelligence D.GeniusandLuck【答案】12.A13.D14.A15.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才?”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的“Itissaidthathistoryiswrittenbyvictors,andthosevictorssetthestandardsforadmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub-women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief-theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.(据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而那些胜利者为进入天才俱乐部设定了标准。当俱乐部以外的天才——女性或不同肤色或信仰的人——做出贡献时，他们不会被承认并且被其他人拒绝。)”可知，作者认为那些“胜利者”对进“天才俱乐部”设置的标准是不公平的，因为女性或者不同肤色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承认的。故选A。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段的“Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief.Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoare“really,reallysmart.(更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们是按照这个信念行事的。六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是“非常非常聪明”的孩子参加的活动。)”可推知，女孩容易受到社会信仰的影响，认为自己不适合做“聪明孩子”做的事情。故选D。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we’reallpositionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.(在一个拥有持续的全球交流的联网的世界里，我们随时随地都能看到天才的出现。)”可知，进步的全球通讯让更多的天才被公众所知道。故选A。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“Whoisagenius?(谁是天才)”和最后一段的“Andthemorewelook,themorewewillseethatsocialfactors(因素)likegender,race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith“intelligence,creativity,perseverance,andsimplegeniuses,whoareabletochangetheworld.(我们看得越多，就越会发现，像性别、种族和阶级这样的社会因素并不能决定天才的外表。正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有“智慧、创造力、毅力和那些能够改变世界的简单天才。)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他们也可以是某一方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知B项“天才有多种形式”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whenmeetingsomeoneforthefirsttime,whowon’tknowyouhabituallyfrownifyou’reconcentrating,youwillbemisunderstood.____16____Herearefourmore.Ignorethecontext____17____Dependingonthecontext,thesamenonverbalsignalscantakeontotallydifferentmeanings.Peoplecan’treallyunderstandsomeone’snonverbalmessageunlesstheyunderstandthecircumstancesbehindit.Ifyouyawninastaffmeetingbecauseyouwereupearlyforaninternationalbusinesscall—letpeopleknowwhyyou’retired.FindmeaninginasinglegesturePeopleoftentrytoevaluateyourstateofmindbymonitoringyourbodylanguage.Buttheytakemorenoticeofanysinglesignthatindicatesyou’reinabadmoodandnottobeapproached.____18____Sowhenyouarestandingwithyourarmsfoldedforyourcomfort,othersmayjudgeyourbodylanguageasresistantandunapproachable.Evaluateyouthroughthebiases(偏见)Aneighbourlikesmefromthemomentwemet.Beforelong.Iknowit’sbecauseIresembleherfavoriteaunt.That’showbiasescanwork—theso-called“haloeffect.”Butbiasescanalsoworkagainstyou.Whatifyouremindpeopleofsomeonetheydislike?Inthatcase,theiroriginalresponsetoyouwouldn’tbeagoodone.____19____CompareyourbehaviorwiththeircultureMostofculture’svaluesareabsorbedunconsciouslyatanearlyage.Suchvaluesaffecthowpeoplethinkandact,andmoreimportantly,thekindofcriteriabywhichpeoplejudgeothers.____20____Forinstance,people’sgreetings,handgesturesetc.varywithcultures.Therefore,therearemanymistakespeoplemakewhenreadingyourbodylanguage.Under-standingthem,andtryingnottomakethesamemistakes,willhelpyoudisplaynonverbalability.A.Nonverbalsignalsareverycommoninourdailylife.B.Theywouldevenlookforyourbehaviorthatconfirmedthisbias.C.Whattheydidn’trealizewasthat,forthisindividual,itwasanormalbehavior.D.Infact,peopleeasilymakemistakesreadingandreactingtoothers’bodylanguage.E.What’sproperandcorrectinoneculturemaybeineffectiveorevenrudeinanother.F.Besides,theyoftenassignmeaningtonegativemessagesthanitdoestopositiveones.G.Contextincludeslocations,relationships,time,experience,andevenroomtemperature.【答案】16.D17.G18.F19.B20.E【语篇解读】本文为一篇说明文。介绍了人们可能会对别人的肢体语言产生误解的几种常见的情况及原因。【16题详解】根据上文“Whenmeetingsomeoneforthefirsttime,whowon’tknowyouhabituallyfrownifyou’reconcentrating,youwillbemisunderstood.(当你第一次和某人见面时，他不知道你会皱起眉头，如果你很专注，你会被误解。)”可知，此处通过具体的例子列举了人们很容易对他人的肢体语言产生误解，设空处应对该现象进行概括。D选项“Infact,peopleeasilymakemistakesreadingandreactingtoothers’bodylanguage.(事实上，人们很容易对他人的肢体语言做出错误的解读和反应。)”承接前文，符合语境。故选D。【17题详解】根据下文“Dependingonthecontext,thesamenonverbalsignalscantakeontotallydifferentmeanings(根据上下文的不同，同样的非语言信号可以有完全不同的含义。)”可知，此处强调的是，不同的背景会对肢体语言产生极大的影响即语言的语境或者背景的不同导致同样的肢体语言可能会有完全不同的含义。G选项“Contextincludeslocations,relationships,time,experience,andevenroomtemperature.(语境包括地点、关系、时间、经历，甚至是室温。)”对“语境/背景”进行了解释，指出其包含的具体内容，G选项中context对应下文中context，形成呼应，符合语境。故选G。【18题详解】根据上文“Buttheytakemorenoticeofanysinglesignthatindicatesyou’reinabadmoodandnottobeapproached.(但他们会更注意任何一个表明你心情不好、不宜接近的信号。)”以及后一句“Sowhenyouarestandingwithyourarmsfoldedforyourcomfort,othersmayjudgeyourbodylanguageasresistantandunapproachable.(因此，当你为了舒适而交叉双臂站立时，别人可能会认为你的肢体语言是抗拒和不可接近的。)”可知，此处指出当你为了舒适而交叉双臂站立时，别人可能会认为你的肢体语言是抗拒和不可接近的，前文应该强调的是人们之所以会做出该判断的原因，故设空处和前文应该解释的是相关原因，即往往通过判断一个人的单一的肢体行动而判定该人的心情，人们往往赋予判定的负面信息以意义，而不是正面信息，由此才会断定你是抗拒和不可接近的。F选项“Besides,theyoftenassignmeaningtonegativemessagesthanitdoestopositiveones.(此外，他们经常赋予负面信息以意义，而不是正面信息。)”引起下文，解释了他人断定你是不可抗拒和不可接近的原因，符合语境。故选F。【19题详解】根据上文“Butbiasescanalsoworkagainstyou.Whatifyouremindpeopleofsomeonetheydislike?Inthatcase,theiroriginalresponsetoyouwouldn’tbeagoodone.(但偏见也可能对你不利。如果你让人们想起他们不喜欢的人呢？在这种情况下，他们最初对你的回应并不好。)”可知，此处强调的是“预先的偏见”对给他人留下印象产生的影响。此处指出的是一些不好的偏见会让他人对自己的最初印象不好。B选项“Theywouldevenlookforyourbehaviorthatconfirmedthisbias.(他们甚至会寻找你的行为来证实这种偏见。)”是对上文的进一步说明，指出，偏见不仅让他人对你的印象不好，他人还会在此基础上去寻找各种你的行为来印证这种偏见，符合语境。故选B。【20题详解】根据前文“Mostofculture’svaluesareabsorbedunconsciouslyatanearlyage.Suchvaluesaffecthowpeoplethinkandact,andmoreimportantly,thekindofcriteriabywhichpeoplejudgeothers.(大多数文化价值观都是在很小的时候就被无意识地吸收了。这些价值观影响着人们的思维和行为，更重要的是，影响着人们评判他人的标准。)”可知，此处强调了无意识吸收的文化价值所产生的影响。E选项“Whatisrightinoneculturemaybeineffectiveorevenrudeinanother.(在一种文化中正确的行为在另一种文化中可能是无效的甚至是粗鲁的。)”指出在一种文化中正确的行为在另一种文化中可能是无效的甚至是粗鲁的，符合语境，指出文化价值产生的影响即在一种文化中正确的行为在另一种文化中可能是无效的甚至是粗鲁的。故选E。第二部分英语知识运用（共二节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。MyhusbandSajanisanIndianwithavegetarianheritage.SinceImethim,I’vebeenavegetarian,too.Gettingolder,IwonderifIignoredmyparents’____21____.Afterall,theyaremore____22____withmealswheremeatisthecenterpiece.WheneverSajanandIcomehome,mymomstarts____23____ourmealsweeksbeforewearrive.Sheresearchesnew____24____dishesandstocksuponbeansandyogurtthoughshe____25____both.Sooften,eventhoughwe’reall____26____atthetabletogether,we’reeating____27____meals.I’veneverreally____28____withmymomaboutthefoodtensioninourrelationship.Butearlierthissummer,I____29____askedheraboutit.“Itissometimesa(n)_____30_____tocookyourfood,”sheadmitted.“Butitisimportantforusto_____31_____yourandSajan’sIndianvegetariandiet.”Shealsohadherquestion,“Youdon’tmissthe_____32_____yougrewupwith?”Ido.AndIdon’t.Mymomstillmakesmyfavoritecookies.ButbecauseI’vebeenawayfromhomeforsolong,I’ve_____33_____lotsofnewfoods,andIndianfoodhasbecomemyfood.Ialwaysassumedshefelthurtbythat,buttalkingtoher,I_____34_____Iwaswrong.Lovecanbeshownthroughfoodindifferentways.Justmakealittleroomforwhatourlovedoneschooseto_____35_____.21.A.talents B.commands C.traditions D.efforts22.A.concerned B.comfortable C.patient D.strict23.A.planning B.cooking C.serving D.lasting24.A.side B.meat C.local D.vegetarian25.A.dislikes B.recommendsC.desires D.loses26.A.standing B.sitting C.lying D.kneeling27.A.healthy B.delicious C.different D.heavy28.A.talked B.agreed C.met D.quarreled29.A.quickly B.gradually C.regularly D.finally30.A.challenge B.adventure C.pleasure D.blessing31.A.change B.honor C.balance D.follow32.A.trouble B.stories C.family D.flavors33.A.givenaway B.leftbehind C.gotattachedtoD.fallenshortof34.A.forgot B.hoped C.realized D.denied35.A.sell B.say C.read D.eat【答案】21.C22.B23.A24.D25.A26.B27.C28.A29.D30.A31.B32.D33.C34.C35.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者认识有素食传统的丈夫之后，也一直吃素。每次回家的时候，以肉为主食的母亲都会精心地研究新的素食菜肴。作者意识到爱可以通过食物以不同的方式表现出来。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着年龄的增长，我怀疑自己是否忽视了父母的传统。A.talents才能；B.commands命令；C.traditions传统；D.efforts努力。根据“Afterall,theyaremore________withmealswheremeatisthecenterpiece.”可知，父母的传统是以肉食为中心。故选C。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，他们更喜欢以肉为中心的食物。A.concerned关心的；B.comfortable舒服的；C.patient耐心的；D.strict严格的。becomfortablewith对……感到愉快。根据“mealswheremeatisthecenterpiece.”可知，作者父母喜欢以肉食为中心。故选B。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次萨扬和我回家，我妈妈就会在我们到达前几周开始计划我们的饮食。A.planning计划；B.cooking烹饪；C.serving服务；D.lasting持续。根据“weeksbeforewearrive.”可知，作者母亲在作者和丈夫回家之前就开始计划他们的素食饮食。故选A。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她研究新的素食菜肴，囤积豆类和酸奶，尽管她不喜欢这两种食物。A.side边；B.meat肉；C.local当地人；D.vegetarian素食者。根据“MyhusbandSajanisanIndianwithavegetarianheritage.SinceImethim,I’vebeenavegetarian,too.”可知，因为作者和丈夫都是素食主义者，所以母亲研究素食菜肴。故选D。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她研究新的素食菜肴，囤积豆类和酸奶，尽管她不喜欢这两种食物。A.dislikes不喜欢；B.recommends推荐；C.desires要求；D.loses失去。根据“Afterall,theyaremore______withmealswheremeatisthecenterpiece.”和转折词though可知，母亲并不喜欢豆类和酸奶。故选A。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：很多时候，即使我们都坐在一张桌子上，我们吃的食物也不一样。A.standing站；B.sitting坐；C.lying躺；D.kneeling跪。根据“atthetabletogether,”可知，一起坐在桌子上就餐。故选B。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很多时候，即使我们都坐在一张桌子上，我们吃的食物也不一样。A.healthy健康的；B.delicious美味的；C.different不同的；D.heavy重的。根据“Sooften,eventhoughwe’reall_______atthetabletogether,”和前文可知，作者和丈夫是素食主义者，而作者父母是以肉为中心，所以吃着不同的食物。故选C。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我从来没有和我妈妈谈过我们之间的紧张关系。A.talked交谈；B.agreed同意；C.met遇见；D.quarreled吵架。根据“aboutthefoodtensioninourrelationship.”可知，作者从没有和母亲交谈关于饮食方面的紧张关系。故选A。【29题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：但今年夏初，我终于问了她。A.quickly迅速地；B.gradually逐渐地；C.regularly有规律地；D.finally最终。根据“I’veneverreally________withmymomaboutthefoodtensioninourrelationship.”和转折词but可知，作者最终忍不住问了。故选D。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时候做饭是一种挑战。A.challenge挑战；B.adventure冒险；C.pleasure快乐；D.blessing祝福。作者母亲承认有时候做饭是一种挑战。故选A。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但对我们来说，尊重你和萨扬的印度素食是很重要的。A.change改变；B.honor尊敬；C.balance平衡；D.follow跟随。根据“Butitisimportantforus”可知，母亲认为尊重作者和丈夫的素食饮食习惯很重要。故选B。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她还问：“你不想念伴随你长大的味道吗?”A.trouble麻烦；B.stories故事；C.family家庭；D.flavors风味。根据“Ido.AndIdon’t.”可知，母亲问作者是否怀念小时候的味道。故选D。【33题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：但是因为我离开家太久了，我爱上了很多新的食物，印度食物已经成为我的食物。A.givenaway赠送；B.leftbehind遗留；C.gotattachedto喜爱；D.fallenshortof没有达到。根据“ButbecauseI’vebeenawayfromhomeforsolong,”可知，作者离家太久，已经爱上了很多新食物。故选C。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一直以为她因此受到了伤害，但和她交谈后，我意识到我错了。A.forgot忘记；B.hoped希望；C.realized意识到；D.denied否认。根据“Ialwaysassumedshefelthurtbythat,buttalkingtoher,”可知，作者意识到自己错了。故选C。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：给我们爱的人留点吃的空间。A.sell卖；B.say说；C.read阅读；D.eat吃。根据“Lovecanbeshownthroughfoodindifferentways.”可知，爱可以通过食物以不同的方式表现出来，我们要给我们所爱的人留点吃的空间。故选D。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。HuangDanian,anotedChinesegeophysicist(物理学),____36____(devote)himselftoscienceandmadegreatcontributionstoChina’sdeepearthexploration.Bornin1958inNanning,Guangxi,Huang’spassion____37____geophysicsstartedfromanearlyage.In1993,hewenttoEnglandforfurtherstudies,andearnedhisdoctor’sdegreeingeophysics,____38____(rank)thetopofhisclass.HuanglaterjoinedageophysicalservicecompanyinCambridgetogainfirst-handexperience.DuringhisstayinEngland,Huangremained____39____(commit)tohismotherland.Helongdreamedofgoingbackto“servemycountrywithmywholeheart”.Theopportunitycamein2008,____40____Chinalaunchedanationalprogramforglobaltoptalent.____41____(participate)intheprogram,Huangquithisjobwithno_