新能源锂电池负极材料和废旧锂电池资源回收再生建设项目运营期大气环境影响分析

新能源锂电池负极材料和废旧锂电池资源回收再生建设项目运营期大气环境影响分析1.1评价思路①收集当地环境气象资料，并充分考虑地形的影响，分析厂址周围的气象特征，确定大气预测模型重点有关参数；②根据本项目的排污情况，选用相应的模式，预测和评价本项目对周围的环境质量的影响，对敏感目标的影响，为废气治理措施确定提出反馈意见。1.2气象特征1、气候概况某市气候属暖温带大陆性季风气候。受北半球西风带大气环流制约，具有明显的季风气候特点，主要表现在四季分明，雨热同期，光热充足。受季风影响的结果，冬季受极地冷空气团南下侵袭，气候寒冷，降水稀少；春季属冬夏的过渡时期，时间短促，升温迅速，气候较为温和；夏季多受低气压系统控制，气候炎热，空气湿润，易产生强阵性降水；秋季属夏季向冬季的过渡时期，气候凉爽。多年平均气压991.6hPa；年平均气温14.5℃；年平均降水量634.5mm，年平均相对湿度66%；最高气温42.5℃，最低气温-15.8℃；全年盛行西北风，次主导风向为东北、东风和西风，年平均风速2.1m/s，平均大风天数12.5d。（2）地面气象要素①地面风向特征据某市气象局2011-2015五年的监测资料，平均风向频率见表5-4。表5-4 某市近五年风向频率统计表NNNENEENEEESESESSESSSWSWWSWWWNWNWNNWC1月0.540.548.065.511.752.422.280.812.021.4813.315.722.611.71.080.279.932月0.740.614.713.44.021.982.537.747.2912.24.462.080.1519.83月0.940.8123.17.91.344.172.5510.66.45114.842.020.2716.14月0.830.5620.610.652.0860.973.061.3910.311.813.85.691.810.566.095月0.810.942893.231.345.111.487.936.329.012.961.081.889.256月0.561.2532.364.311.534.311.5311.15.8310.63.331.943.0611.17月2.151.483.230.9410.01.8829.32.287.260.817.930.275.781.3414.92.028.338月4.570.40.4010.91.6116.50.5410.105.380.139.411.8829.41.617.139月3.060.280.56010.91.3116.50.5410.005.380.139.411.6731.32.7810.510月9.681.080.406.320.8112.20.273.903.490.137.641.7542.30.679.5411月205.690.9714.63.756.3901.940.289.311.81360.288.1912月10.10.270.403.490.49.810.137.1203.76010.11.4841.71.0810.2全年3.620.7921.5830.977.214.5210.63.5717.31.2210.5图5-1某市代表月份的风向玫瑰图由表5.1-1可知，某市全年主导风向为NW。就静风频率来说，各月静风频率均小于20%，对污染物的扩散较为有利。②地面风速特征根据与风向相应的地面风速资料统计结果，将全年及各月平均风速列在表5-5。表5-5三年各风速单/sNNNENEENEEESESESSESSSWSWWSWWWNWNWNNWC1月0.821.321.31.540.970.860.980.850.791.211.432.640.852.082月61.561.191.040.980.860.610.641.041.131.591.273月1.042.672.052.281.30.8810.640.730.841.131.791.881.964月1.361.731.891.191.090.810.821.362.111.991.75月1.331.731.791.831.291.981.0910.810.821.362.111.991.716月0.821.931.71.761.521.291.040.750.840.711.781.21.311．457月1.080.830.771.41.541.51.731.211.550.831.0121.1111.080.71.368月01.121.621.3210.8900.680.70.881.011.391.571.179月1.090.30.401.451.51.580.671.1200.950.70.880.921.040.571.1810月1.3611.4301.381.821.7410.900.761.832.341.5611月1.870.910.4301.351.241.861.341.0300.7411.030.992.095.21.712月01.081.7900.7601.341.252.672.21.97全年1.551.241.761.831.351.441.511.030.970.881.121.771.661.852.031.261.57由表5-5可知，全年平均风速为2.1m/s，各月平均风速均大于1m/s，风速条件较好，对污染物的扩散较为有利。（3）大气稳定度大气稳定度是反映大气湍流运动强弱的一种标志是影响大气扩散的重要因子大气稳定度的划分按《制定地方大气污染物排放标准的技术方法》（GB/T13201-91）规定的方法近五年及各季大气稳定度频率见表5-6。表5-6近五年及各季大气稳定度频率单位：%ABBCCCDDEF春季3713.52855250363581.53.4夏季8653.51223220050681.63.7秋季0642.82384490273392.03.5冬季—2.81764540889172.53.3全年3282.22054370394182.13.0由上表可以看出该地大气稳定度以稳（EF类最多全年占57.31%其次是不稳定（A、B、B-C、C）类，全年占38.12%；中性（C-D、D）类只占全年的4.51%；稳（EF类占全年的57.31%占的比例最大说明该地区污染物扩散较慢属污染物稳定性扩散地区一年中冬季和秋季稳定类相对较高说明这两个季节不利于污染物扩散；而夏季和春季不稳定类相对较高基本持平，说明这两个季节最有利于污染物扩散。1.3预测因子表5-7本项目有组织大气污染物及源强一览表污染源污染因子废气量排放浓度及排放速率排放源参数负极材料生产线粉尘9000m3/h10.7mg/m3、0.096kg/hH=20m,T=20℃,Ф=0.5m正极材料粉碎工序粉尘2000m3/h0.5mg/m3、0.001kg/hH=20m,T=20℃,Ф=0.3m机械拆解工序非甲烷总烃22000m3/h11.0mg/m30.23kg/hH=20m,T=80℃,Ф=1.0mNMP回收工序及环己醇回收工序正极烘干及负极烘干负极烘干粉尘12000m3/h8.7mg/m30.104kg/hH=20m,T=80℃,Ф=1.0m燃气锅炉NOX3883m3/h137.3mg/m30.53kg/hH=8m，T=80℃，Ф=0.5mSO23.0mg/m30.011kg/h颗粒物17.7mg/m30.069kg/h表5-8本项目无组织大气污染物及源强一览表排放源面积（m2）污染物污染物排放量（kg/h）负极材料生产车间下料包装区900粉尘0.1回收拆解车间拆解区800粉尘0.02储罐区600有机废气0.0561.4评价等级的确定《环境影响评价技术导则大气环境》（HJ2.2—2008）中评价等级判据见5-9。根据估算模式预测数据，拟建项目Pmax计算结果见表5.1-3。拟建项目各污染因子Pmax均小于10%，确定评价等级为三级。表5-9环境空气评价工作等级判定依据评价工作等级评价工作分级判据一级Pmax≥80％，且D10%≥5km二级其他三级Pmax<10％或D10%<污染源距厂界最近距离表5-10环境空气评价等级估算结果污染源污染因子Pmax（%）判断值评价等级有组织负极线PM100.54三级三级正极粉碎PM100.01三级负极烘干PM100.36三级机械拆解非甲烷总烃0.11三级正极烘干及负极烘干NPM溶剂回收及环己醇溶剂回收导热油炉NOX2.26三级SO20.19三级PM101.31三级无组织负极线PM108.24三级正极粉碎PM101.82三级罐区非甲烷总烃2.29三级1.5评价标准依据HJ2.2-2008，本次环境影响预测时采用的大气环境质量标准评价详见表5-11。表5-11环境影响预测及评价采用的环境质量标准序号污染物名称浓度限值（mg/m3）1小时平均日平均年平均1PM100.450.150.072非甲烷总烃2.0//3SO20.50.154NOX0.20.08注：根据《大气环境影响评价技术导则》，对于没有小时浓度限值的污染物，取日平均浓度限值的3倍值。1.6有组织废气排放预测结果有组织大气污染物预测结果详见表5-12。表5-12有组织粉尘估算模式计算结果表距源中心距离D（m）负极生产线粉尘正极粉碎粉尘负极烘干粉尘下风向预测浓i(μg/m3)浓度占标率Pi(%)下风向预测浓Ci(μg/m3)浓度占标率Pi(%)下风向预测浓Ci(μg/m3)浓度占标率Pi(%)10.00000.00000.00001001.3120.290.3988E-010.010.84520.192002.3740.530.5224E-010.011.5840.353002.4430.540.5461E-010.010.00004002.4420.540.4558E-010.011.5980.365002.2590.50.4645E-010.011.6050.366001.9560.430.4405E-010.011.5410.347002.1440.480.3998E-010.011.5130.348002.2960.510.3825E-010.011.4010.319002.3370.520.3665E-010.011.3080.2910002.3070.510.3454E-010.011.2800.2811002.2180.490.3218E-010.011.2360.2712002.1170.470.3071E-010.011.2090.2713002.0130.450.3050E-010.011.1720.2614001.9090.420.3002E-010.011.1290.2515001.8560.410.2934E-010.011.0830.2416001.8510.410.2854E-010.011.0360.2317001.8350.410.2767E-010.010.98960.2218001.8100.40.2676E-010.010.94440.2119001.7780.40.2584E-010.010.90090.220001.7420.390.2493E-0100.85940.1921001.6980.380.2400E-0100.82010.1822001.6530.370.2312E-0100.78290.1723001.6090.360.2228E-0100.74790.1724001.5650.350.2147E-0100.71490.1625001.5220.340.2070E-0100.68390.15下风向最大浓度2.443（300m）0.540.5539E-01（273m）0.011.605（400m）0.36徐庄2.1720.480.4606E-010.011.5430.34天英寄宿学校2.3270.520.3754E-010.011.2990.29南马庄2.2560.50.3311E-010.011.2220.27小马庄1.8490.410.2837E-010.010.98050.22由上表可知，项目粉尘（以PM10计）经采取评价提出各项污染治理措施后，经预测，有组织粉尘最大落地浓度远小于相应环境空气质量标准限值要求，最大落地浓度占标率均小于10%，说明本项目有组织粉尘对区域环境质量影响较小。表5-13有组织非甲烷总烃估算模式计算结果表距源中心距离D（m）下风向预测浓i(μg/m3)浓度占标率Pi(%)10.00001000.74570.042002.1290.113002.1660.114002.1680.115002.1360.116002.0430.17001.9120.18001.8000.099001.7430.0910001.7050.0911001.6250.0812001.5790.0813001.5280.0814001.4710.0715001.4120.0716001.3530.0717001.2940.0618001.2610.0619001.2330.0620001.2040.0621001.1730.0622001.1410.0623001.1090.0624001.0780.0525001.0690.05下风向最大浓度2.168（400m）0.11徐庄2.0990.1天英寄宿学校1.7640.09南马庄1.6580.08小马庄1.3410.07由上表可知，项目非甲烷总烃经采取评价提出各项污染治理措施后，经预测，有组织排放最大落地浓度远小于相应环境空气质量标准限值要求，最大落地浓度占标率均小于10%，说明本项目有组织非甲烷总烃对区域环境质量影响较小。表5-14锅炉废气估算模式计算结果表距源中心距离D（m）NOXSO2颗粒物下风向预测浓i(μg/m3)浓度占标率Pi(%)下风向预测浓Ci(μg/m3)浓度占标率Pi(%)下风向预测浓Ci(μg/m3)浓度占标率Pi(%)10.000.000.0000.000.000.001004.1842.090.88120.185.4581.212004.3302.170.91180.185.6471.253004.0672.030.85660.175.3051.184003.6831.840.77560.164.8041.075003.3851.690.71290.144.4160.986002.9661.480.62460.123.8690.867002.5621.280.53960.113.3420.748002.2111.110.46570.092.8850.649001.9170.960.40380.082.5010.5610001.6730.840.35240.072.1820.4811001.5700.790.33060.072.0480.4612001.6040.800.33780.072.0920.4613001.6180.810.34080.072.1110.4714001.6170.810.34050.072.1090.4715001.6040.800.33770.072.0920.4616001.5820.790.33310.072.0630.4617001.5530.780.32710.072.0260.4518001.5210.760.32030.061.9840.4419001.4850.740.31270.061.9370.4320001.4470.720.30480.061.8880.4221001.4060.700.29600.061.8330.4122001.3650.680.28740.061.7800.4023001.3240.660.27890.061.7270.3824001.2850.640.27070.051.6770.3725001.2470.620.26270.051.6270.36下风向最大浓度4.522（145m）2.260.9524（145m）0.195.899（145m）1.31徐庄3.4241.710.72120.144.4670.99天英寄宿学校2.1481.070.45240.092.8020.62南马庄1.7180.860.36190.072.2410.50小马庄1.6000.800.33690.072.0870.46项目采用燃气导热油炉为各工序供热，燃料为清洁能源，经预测，导热油炉产生的各项污染物最大落地浓度远小于相应环境空气质量标准限值要求，最大落地浓度占标率均小于10%，对区域环境质量影响较小。1.7无组织废气排放预测结果项目无组织废气排放估算模式计算结果见表5-15。表5-15无组织废气估算模式计算结果项目距离负极材料生产车间回收拆解车间罐区粉尘粉尘非甲烷总烃CiPiCiPiCiPiμg/m3%μg/m3%μg/m3%10.14120.030.6764E-010.020.99810.0510037.078.248.1931.8245.852.2920034.057.577.6041.6942.642.1330031.246.946.8331.5240.222.0140032.457.217.0171.5631.851.5950029.646.596.2621.3924.851.2460025.815.745.3751.1919.700.9970022.204.934.5831.0215.950.880019.224.273.9360.8713.270.6690016.753.723.4150.7611.250.56100014.723.272.9910.669.6800.48110013.072.92.6480.598.4550.42120011.692.62.3630.537.4680.37130010.532.342.1260.476.6570.3314009.5472.121.9240.435.9830.315008.6981.931.7530.395.4150.2716007.9641.771.6030.364.9270.2517007.3261.631.4730.334.5050.2318006.7661.51.3590.34.1400.2119006.2731.391.2590.283.8210.1920005.8361.31.1710.263.5410.1821005.4651.211.0960.243.3060.1722005.1321.141.0280.233.0960.1523004.8321.070.96790.222.9080.1524004.5601.010.91320.22.7390.1425004.3130.960.86360.192.5850.13最大落地浓度37.07（下风向100m）8.248.193（下风向100m）1.8245.89（下风向103m）2.29徐庄30.006.676.3511.4125.471.27天英寄宿学校18.684.153.8230.8512.820.64南马庄15.093.353.0700.689.9660.5小马庄12.352.742.4990.567.9360.4本项目生产车间粉尘最大落地浓度满足《电池工业污染物排放标准》(GB30484-2013)表6企业边界颗粒物浓度≤0.3mg/m3、非甲烷总烃浓度≤2.0mg/m3的要求，不会对周围环境产生较大影响。（1）无组织粉尘厂界浓度达标分析本项目无组织粉尘排放速率为0.12kg/h，无组织废气对厂界预测结果见表5-16。表5-16各厂界粉尘浓度预测值监控点位北厂界东厂界西厂界南厂界无组织排放监控浓度限值（mg/m3）到面源的距离1603025400.3mg/m3预测值（mg/m3）0.0440.0220.0160.034达标情况达标达标达标达标由表5-16可知，本项目生产车间无组织排放的粉尘在各厂界的浓度贡献值均满足《电池工业污染物排放标准》(GB30484-2013)表6企业边界颗粒物浓度限值0.3mg/m3的要求，不会对周围环境产生明显影响。（2）无组织有机废气厂界浓度达标分析本项目无组织有机废气对厂界预测结果见表5-17。表5-17各厂界有机废气浓度预测值监控点位北厂界东厂界西厂界南厂界无组织排放监控浓度限值（mg/m3）到面源的距离1608020130/非甲烷总烃预测值（mg/m3）0.0450.0430.0220.0452.0mg/m3达标情况达标达标达标达标/由表5-17可知，本项目罐区无组织排放的有机废气在各厂界的浓度贡献值均满足《电池工业污染物排放标准》(GB30484-2013)表6企业边界非甲烷总烃浓度限值2.0mg/m3的要求，对周围环境影响较小。1.8本项目废气排放对周边环境敏感点的影响分析项目各类废气对周边环境敏感点的影响情况见表5-18。表5-18项目废气排放对周边敏感点的影响情况表单位：mg/m3敏感点污染因子背景值贡献值叠加值标准值占标率（%）徐庄非甲烷总烃0.590.0280.6182.030.9粉尘0.1410.0460.1870.4541.56NOX0.0490.0030.0520.226SO20.0410.0010.0420.58.4天英寄宿学校非甲烷总烃0.590.0150.6052.030.25粉尘0.1370.0310.1680.4537.33NOX0.0470.0020.0490.224.5SO20.0400.0010.0410.58.2南马庄非甲烷总烃0.580.0120.5922.029.6粉尘0.1420.0260.1680.4537.3NOX0.0470.0020.0490.224.5SO20.0390.0010.0400.58小马庄非甲烷总烃0.630.0090.6392.031.95粉尘0.1420.0220.1640.4536.44NOX0.0480.0020.0500.225SO20.0400.0010.0410.58.2由上表可知，项目废气排放对周边敏感点的贡献值与背景值叠加后，非甲烷总烃占标率为29.6~31.95%、粉尘占标率为36.44~41.56%，NOX占标率为24.5~26%，SO2占标率8~8.4%，其中粉尘占标率较大的原因为背景值较大所致。根据预测核算，各敏感点处粉尘、NOX和SO2浓度满足《环境空气质量标准》（GB3095-2012）二级标准要求；非甲烷总烃浓度满足参考执行的《大气污染物综合排放标准详解》（GB16297-1996）中非甲烷总烃环境浓度2.0mg/m3的限值要求。故本项目废气排放对周边环境敏感点影响较小。1.9项目大气环境防护距离的确定根据《环境影响评价技术导则大气环境》（HJ2.2-2008）要求，采用推荐模式中的大气环境防护距离模式计算本项目无组织排放单元的大气环境防护距离。经计算本项目无组织排放单元大气环境防护距离见5-19。表5-19无组织排放单元大气环境防护距离无组织排放单元污染物源强值（kg/h）面积m2面源高度/m小时标准值（mg/m3）大气环境防护距离/m负极材料线粉尘0.190090.45无超标点正极粉碎线粉尘0.028000.45无超标点罐区非甲烷总烃0.05660062.0无超标点由上表可知，本项目无组织排放单元无超标点，不需设置大气环境防护距离。1.10卫生防护距离计算根据《制定地方大气污染物排放标准的技术方法》（GB/T13201-91），各类工业企业卫生防护距离可按下式计算：式中：L－工业企业所需卫生防护距离m；r－有害气体无组织排放源所在的生产单元的等效半径m；A、B、C、D－卫生防护距离计算系数；Qm－环境浓度标准，mg/m3；Qc－工业企业有害气体无组织排放量可以达到的控制水平kg/h。A，B，C，D—卫生防护距离计算系数，无因次，根据项目所在地所在地区近五年平均风速及工业企业大气污染源构成类别确定；v=2.1m/s，L≤1000m，工业企业大气污染源构成类型为=3\*ROMANII类，取值A=470，B=0.021，C=1.85，D=0.84。由上式计算，项目建成后卫生防护距离计算结果如表5-20。表5-20卫生防护距离计算表排放源污染因子占地面积（m2）排放速率（kg/h）标准（mg/m3）计算距离（m）卫生防护距离（m）负极材料线粉尘9000.10.4513.7250正极粉碎线粉尘8000.020.452.2150罐区非甲烷总烃6000.0562