初中英语总复习知识点1.英语句子结构及从句

PAGEPAGE1英语句子成分：主语：动作或状态的发出者；Shelikescats.Iamateacher.谓语：主语的动作或状态；宾语：谓语的对象，内容，承受者；定语：修饰名词和代词的成分；It’sacutedog.状语：修饰其他；Herunsfast.补语：补充说明主语或宾语；Iaskedhertostudyhard.Sheisaskedtostudyhard.表语：连系动词后独立完整的意群；同位语：解释说明其他；Mrs.Liu,myEnglishteacher,isverynicetous.独立成分：感叹语；称呼语；插入语。Howdeliciousitis!Forexample,youcanreadEnglisheveryday.英语句子结构：由主谓+谓语+其他构成，意义完整。简单句：1个（并列）主语+1个（并列）谓语；Ilikecats.SheandIlikecats.Idanceandsing.主语谓语宾语宾补表语Idance.主谓Shehaslunch.主谓宾Sheisbeautiful.主系表Myfathergavemeaphoto.主谓双宾Lucymadeuslaugh主谓宾宾补并列句：由关联词连接的两个或以上简单句:but,so,or.Ilikecatsbutshelikesdogs.Shestayeduplateyesterday,sosheistirednow.Studyhard,oryouwillfailtheexam.主从复合句：名词性从句；定语从句；状语从句。名词性从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句。常用关联词：that,if/whether,what/how/when等特殊疑问词。宾语从句作为重点：thatIthink(that)youareright.不作成分，可省略If/whetherIwonderif/whetheryouwillcome.不作成分，有意义，不可省What/how/when等Iwonderwhattheworldwilllooklike.做成分，有意义，不可省宾语从句考察点：否定转移：Idon’tthinkit’sgoodforyou.If引导宾从做“是否”，引导状从做“如果”.句中有ornot且连用时，只可用whether,不用if.从句用陈述语序：Theteacheraskedhimwhyhewaslate.时态：主过从过.（二）定语从句：=先行词+定从（关系词+其他）常用关系代词指代的先行词充当成分That人/物主宾表Shegavemeapenthatisnice./Ihaveafriendthatstudieshard.Which物主宾表定Youshouldeatmorefruitwhichisgoodforyourhealth.Who人主宾IlikemyEnglishteacherwhohelpsmealot.Whom人宾SheisthepersonwhomIwastalkingwith.whose人/物定LucyhasacutedogwhosenameisCoco.（三）状语从句：考点：时间条件状从时态：主将从现。其他状从关联词含义。时间状语从句常用关联词WhenwhileasWhenIwasachild,Ilikedswimming.Whileshewascookinginthekitchen,thebellrang.Assheleft,shelookedbehind.When后可接瞬时动作；while只可接延续动作；while还可表达主从句动作对比；as翻译为“一边，一边”或“随着”。Before,afterBeforeIcameback,shehadgoteverythingready.AfterIhadlearnedEnglishforyears,ImovedtoAmerica.Before,after也可做介词或副词。We’llleaveafterlunch.Shearrivesbefore3o’clock.Soonafter,Iheadfrommybrother.Ithinkwe’vemetbefore.sinceIhaveworkedheresinceIgraduated.现在完成时的标志：since,foralongtime,inthepastfewyearsUntil,tillHedidn’tsleepuntilhismothercameback.句首只用until;与not连用，只用untilAssoonasAssoonassheheardthenews,shecametotellusaboutit.一……就……区别：aslongas只要原因状语从句常用关联词BecauseBecauseit’srainingoutside,wecan’tgoswimming.—why?—because;表示强烈的因果关系;不能和so连接;Becauseof+短语SinceSinceyouarehere,whynoteattogether?既然；明显或已知的原因，通常位于主句之前asAshewastired,hewenttobedearly.由于；表明理由最弱forItrainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.连接分句，不能位于句首条件状语从句常用关联词IfIfI’mfreetomorrow,Iwillgototheparty.unlessUnlessI’mbusytomorrow,Iwillgototheparty.=ifnotAslongasAslongasyoucanbecareful,youwilldoitsuccessfully.目的结果状语从句常用关联词Sothat,inorderthat目的Iclimbedhighsothat/inorderthatIcouldgetabetterview.Iclimbedhighsoasto/inordertogetabetterview.Sothat,suchthat结果Sheissotiedthatshefallsasleepimmediately.Heissuchafoolthathebelievesher!So+adj.such+n.So+many/much/little/few让步状语从句常用关联词Though,althoughAlthoughhetriedhard,(yet/still)hefailed.不可和but连，可和yet,still连Evenif,eventhoughEvenifheistired,hekeeps