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1.

动词+-ablee.g.drinkable,imaginable,enjoyable,suitable,agreeable,

favourable,dependable,breakable2.名词/动词+-fule.g.helpful,successful,powerful,careful,truthful,hopeful,

colourful,plentiful,forgetful3.名词+-ouse.g.famous,joyous,dangerous,mysterious,nervous,ridiculous,

momentous4.名词+-ye.g.cloudy,windy,sunny,rainy,snowy,sleepy,lucky,funny,

noisy,healthy派生形容词的常见构成15.名词+-lesse.g.careless,helpless,homeless,useless,smokeless6.动词+-inge.g.exciting,retiring,boring,interesting,disappointing,surprising7.动词+-ede.g.excited,retired,bored,interested,disappointed,surprised8.动词+-ente.g.different,dependent,absorbent,urgent9.名词+-lye.g.friendly,yearly,motherly,manly,timely,daily1.形容词+形容词e.g.icy-cold(冰冷的)

bitter-sweet(又苦又甜的)

light-blue(淡蓝色的)2.形容词/副词+-ing分词e.g.good-looking(好看的)

hard-working(努力的)

easy-going(随和的)long-standing(长期存在的)ever-lasting(永恒的)

far-reaching(深远的)3.形容词/副词+-ed分词e.g.newly-built(新建的)well-meant(出自善意的)

well-behaved(行为端正的)wide-spread(遍布的)

well-informed(消息灵通的)highly-developed(高度发达的)复合形容词的构成24.名词+形容词e.g.duty-free(免税的)

world-famous(举世闻名的)

home-sick(想家的)5.名词+-ing分词e.g.law-abiding(守法的)ocean-going(远洋的)

labour-saving(省力的)6.名词+-ed分词e.g.hand-made(手工制作的)sunstanned(被晒黑的)

sugar-coated(涂有糖衣的)7.形容词+名词+-ede.g.kind-hearted(热心的)absent-minded(心不在焉的)

good-tempered(好脾气的)

意义上:静态形容词描写人或物的静态特征,如tall,deep;动态形容词带有动作含义,如brave,kind。用法上:1.动态形容词可与动词be的进行体搭配作补语,而静态形容词不可以。e.g.Look,you’rebeingimpatientagain.

(你看你,又着急了吧。)Sheisbeingwitty.(她在耍小聪明。)静态形容词和动态形容词的区别3表示人在控制情况下的一个暂时的特点或表现,是一种暂时的变化着的特征,反映出说话人的某种感情,句子的主语通常是人。提示2.动态形容词可用于由be开头的祈使句和使役结构,而静态形容词不可以。e.g.Bepatient!

Becareful!Iencouragedhertobegenerous.

3.动态形容词常用于“Itis+adj.+of...”结构;

静态形容词常用于“Itis+adj.+for...”结构。e.g.Itiswiseofhimtomakesuchadecision.

(wise为动态形容词)

Itisimpossibleforonetomasteranythingovernight.

(impossible为静态形容词)1.“引起某种情绪”的由-ing分词转化来的形容词:absorbing,amusing,annoying,boring,charming,confusing,convincing,discouraging,disturbing,exciting,fascinating,frightening,pleasing,tempting,terrifying,thrilling,tiring,worrying…意义及用法:(1)通常具有主动意义,意为“使人/令人…的”;(2)无论是作主语补语还是作名词修饰语,其修饰的主语或名词多指物。e.g.Thenewsisshocking.(“Thenews”不会震惊,它“使

人震惊的”,震惊的是听到消息的人)Thistimetheyachievedmoresatisfyingresults.具有情绪色彩的由-ing分词或-ed分词转化来的形容词1注意:即便有时这类-ing分词所修饰的主语是人,也是“使人/令人…的”之意,表示主语的某种特征“引起别人某种情绪”。e.g.Suchaboyisinteresting.(这个男孩真令人感兴趣)比较:Theboyisinterestedinsports.(这个男孩对运动感兴趣)2.“感到某种情绪”的由-ed分词转化来的形容词:alarmed,amazed,amused,badly-behaved,balanced,bored,conceited,celebrated,civilized,disappointed,distinguished,divided,educated,embarrassed,excited,exhausted,fascinated,frightened,hurried,interested,limited,noted,offended,pleased,relaxed,reserved,satisfied,uncooked,uncovered,undecided,unsettled,worried...意义及用法:(1)通常具有被动意义,意为“感到…的”;(2)与其连用的名词多指人(或指有情感的动物),而不是物。e.g.Iwasshockedatthenews.(感到震惊的是主语I)

Wearenotsatisfiedwiththeseresults.注意:“感到某种情绪”的-ed分词也可修饰人格化的物。e.g.Helookedatmewithaninterestedlook.Obviouslyhe

wasinterested.(他用很感兴趣的表情看着我,很明显他很感兴趣。)-ing分词:表示主动、进行-ed分词:A.由及物动词转化来的-ed分词:含有被动、完成的含义;B.由不及物动词转化来的-ed分词:完成的含义,无被动含义。A及物动词

B不及物动词theboilingwatertheboiledwaterthegrowingneedagrownwoman(正在沸腾的水)

(煮开过的水)

(日益增长的需要)

(一位成年女性)burningbuildingsburnedbuildingsaretiringmanageraretiredworker(燃烧着的建筑物)(烧毁了的建筑物)(一位即将卸任的经理)(一位已退休的工人)非情绪类的由-ing分词和-ed分词转化来的形容词21.以-ful,-ory,

-ous,-some结尾:表主动意义delightful,frightful,respectful,harmful,satisfactory,contemptuous,credulous,ridiculous,tiresome,troublesome,awesome...e.g.Thechildreninourfamilyarealwaysrespectfultotheir

elders.(恭敬的)

HewascontemptuousofeverythingIdid.(心怀蔑视的)

2.以-able/-ible结尾:表被动意义attainable,respectable,contemptible,credible...e.g.Hecamefromaperfectlyrespectablemiddle-classfamily.

(值得尊敬的,体面的)

Thatwasacontemptibletricktoplayonafriend!(可鄙的)其他以-ful,-ory,-ous,-some,-able/-ible结尾的形容词31.基本模式:(限定词)+(程度副词)+形容词+名词中心词e.g.Ihopeyouallhaveaveryhappyholidayseason.2.多个同一层次的形容词同时修饰同一个名词时就其构成形式:通常是非派生形容词在前,派生形容词在后。就韵律角度:较短的形容词在前,较长的形容词在后。e.g.Itwassuchawarm,lovelyday.

It’sagreatplaceforseniors,withclean,comfortable,

affordablerooms.

Itwasawindy,rainy,thoroughlyfreezingday.形容词(词组)的前置1前置形容词总是在限定词之后。提示程度副词依据说话人的意图放置。提示3.多个不同层次的形容词同时修饰同一个名词时总的顺序原则:“主观评价的形容词+客观测度的形容词”客观测度形容词的顺序:①大小、长短、高低

②形状

③年龄、新旧

④颜色

⑤国籍、地区、出处

⑥物质、材料

⑦用途、类别

名词中心词。e.g.acharming

small

round

old

brown

French

oak

writing

desk

主观评价

大小

形状

新旧

颜色

国别

材料

用途根据认知语言学中的距离象似性原则,越是表现事物本质属性的修饰语越靠近中心词,非事物本质属性的修饰语则离中心词较远。提示1.被修饰的中心词由-thing,-one,-body等结尾的复合代词时,形容词须后置e.g.AtthefirststepBuck’sfeetwentintosomethingsoftandwhite.

Dannysharedhisknowledgefreelywithanyone

interested.

Weproposethatsomebody

neutraltakethechair.2.当形容词本身带有后置修饰语或补足成分,从而构成较长的形容词词组时,通常后置e.g.Studentsbraveenoughtotakethecoursedeserveto

succeed.(=whoarebraveenough...)

Itwasaconferencefruitfulofresults.(=whichisfruitfulofresults)Theyhaveahouselargerthanyours.(=whichislargerthanyours)形容词(词组)的后置23.某些以前缀a-开首的补语形容词用作后置修饰语e.g.Heistherichestmanalive.(=thatisalive)

Thehouseablazeisnextdoortomine.(=whichisablaze)

Opportunityaloneisnotenoughtocreatesuccess.(=whichisalone)这类形容词也能用作补语。这类形容词词组在意义上相当于关系分句。提示1提示2这类形容词在意义上相当于关系分句。提示4.某些固定搭配中e.g.acourtmartial

(军事法庭)thesumtotal

(总数)anattorneygeneral

(司法部长)thecityofLondonproper

(伦敦市区)thepresidentelect

(当选总统)结构形式:(修饰语)+形容词+(后置修饰语/补足成分)用作补语:主语补语、宾语补语e.g.Thecottagehehasrentedisverydelightful.(SVC)Hefoundthecottageverydelightful.(SVOC)形容词补足成分:介词词组、动词不定式、that-分句形容词词组11.“形容词+介词词组”充当主语补语e.g.He

was

absentfromthemeeting.SVC

He

remained

faithfultohisfriend.SVC形容词+介词词组2更多搭配:accustomedto,blindto,closeto,dearto,equalto,inferiorto,superiorto,trueto,afraidof,ashamedof,proudof,confidentof,sickof,sureof,tiredof,worthyof,astonishedat,goodat,experiencedin,weakin,busywith,contentwith,dependenton,keenon,differentfrom,worriedabout...2.少数形容词只有在与特定的介词词组搭配后才能作主语补语,否则句意不完整e.g.*I’mveryfond.(×)

I’mveryfondofclassicalmusic.(√)需要记忆特定形容词与介词的搭配。绝大多数形容词都可单独作补语。提示1提示21.“形容词+that-分句”充当主语补语e.g.He

is

confident(that)hewillbeabletopasstheexam.SVC更多:sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,proud,amazed,surprised,astonished,shocked,disappointed,sorry,sad,annoyed,alarmed...2.有些可以转换为“形容词+介词词组”或“形容词+不定式”e.g.I’msurethatyouwillgetsuccess.=Youaresureofsuccess.=Youaresuretogetsuccess/tosucceed.形容词+that-分句3此类形容词数量有限,多表情绪和心理状态。提示主要语法特征:常带定冠词;中心词带有形容词和名词的某些特点。1.The+表人的特征的形容词,泛指一类人e.g.Theyounghaveawholelifebeforethem.

Theextremelyoldneedagreatdealofattention.更多:blind,brave,dead,deaf,dumb,guilty,innocent,poor,rich,sick,wise,unemployed,injured,living,wounded...注意:少数几个-ed分词也可用作单数,指个别人。e.g.Theaccused(被告)wasfoundguilty.

Thedeparted(死者)wasagoodfriendofmine.形容词作名词词组中心词1这类结构作主语时多数用作复数,谓语动词用复数。提示2.The+表国籍的形容词,泛指一类人e.g.TheChineseareindustriousandpeace-lovingpeople.

(指TheChinesepeople)

The

EnglishliketobewiththeirfamiliesatChristmas.3.The+表抽象概念的形容词,表示抽象概念e.g.Theunknownisboundtohappeninthestudyofthe

outerspace.

Thebeautifulisnotalwaysthesameasthegood.这类国籍多以-sh,-ch,-ese结尾。提示这类结构作主语时谓语动词用单数。提示4.某些固定搭配中e.g.Thedockwasnowatitsbusiest.(最繁忙的时候)Itshowsthewriterathisbestandliveliest.(鼎盛时期)“at+物主限定词+形容词最高级结构”中形容词起着名词词组中心词的作用。提示无动词分句作状语:表达时间、原因、让步、方式或伴随状况等。e.g.Ripe,theseappleswillbesweet.(表时间)=Whentheyare

ripe,theseappleswillbesweet.

Atlast,tiredandunhappy,Alicesatdownonthefloor

andcried.(表原因)Hewentbacktohishomeland,empty-handed.

(表伴随状况)

Rightorwrong,I’llbewithyou.(表让步)形容词词组作无动词分句2无动词分句是一种省略了主语和谓语动词的分句结构,就其深层结构来说大多属于SVC句型。形容词词组作无动词分句,通常是对主语进行解释,可放在句首、句中、句末,放在句末时强调意味最突出。提示1提示2

At____________,photographyisachemicalprocess,duringwhichalight-sensitivematerialisalteredwhenexposedtolight.

A.B.C.D.itsmostbasicitsbasicthemostbasicthebasic该题主要考查固定搭配“at+物主限定词+形容词最高级结构”中形容词作名词中心词的用法。表达“从根本上说;究其根本”,可以用atitsmostbasic或者atitsmostbasiclevel,相当于fundamentally。因此A为正确答案。该固定搭配中形容词实际起着名词词组中心词的作用。另外,该类搭配还可以理解为省略名词中心词,《教程》P431页提到省略名词中心词的现象,如:“Theseasonisnowatitsloveliest.”。究其根本,摄影是一种化学变化过程,在此过程中,感光材料被暴露于光线下就会发生改变。Shewasonceayoungcountrywifewithchickensinthebackyardandaviewof_________

mountainsbehindtheappleorchard.A.B.C.D.VirginiabluehazyVirginiahazybluehazyblueVirginiabluehazyVirginia该题考查形容词的排列顺序问题。当几个属于不同层级的形容词共同修饰一个名词时,通常排列顺序为:表示说话人评价的形容词→表示大小、形状、新旧的形容词→表示颜色的形容词→表示国别、来源、材料的形容词→表示用途或目的的形容词或分词、名词等类别词。按照这个顺序,hazy(形状)、blue(颜色)、Virginia(来源),因此C为正确答案。她从前是一个年轻的乡村已婚妇女,在后院里养着鸡,放眼望去可以看到苹果园后面那薄雾缭绕的蓝色弗吉尼亚山脉。Jack________fromhomefortwodaysnow,andIambeginningtoworryabouthissafety.A.B.C.D.hasbeenmissinghasbeenmissedhadbeenmissingwasmissed该题考查形容词missing及现在完成体的用法。由句中的时间状语“fortwodaysnow”可知,这里应该用现在完成体;missing为由-ing分词转化来的形容词(参见《教程》P260),表示“失踪”的状态,A项hasbeenmissing表示动作从过去某一时间一直持续到现在的状态,因此选A。杰克到现在已经有两天没回家了。我开始为他的安全担心起来。本讲主要介绍了形容词的类别、形容词与分词、形容词词组的构成及用法。熟悉派生形容词及复合形容词的构成方式有助于扩大词汇量,动态形容词和静态形容词在用法上的区别主要与两者的意义有关。由-ing分词转化来的形容词通常带有主动意义,而由及物动词的-ed分词转化来的形容词则通常带有被动意义,以-ful,-ous,-some结尾的形容词也含有主动意义,以-able/-ible结尾的形容词则有被动意义。作为名词修饰语,形容词通常前置,当多个同一层次的形容词同时修饰一个名词时,一般是较长的形容词列后。当多个不同层次的形容词同时修饰一个名词时,总的顺序是“主观评价的形容词”先于“客观测度的形容词”,“客观测度形容词”的顺序可根据认知语言学中距离象似性原则来学习,越是表现事物本质属性的修饰语越靠近中心词。凡能作后置修饰语的形容词或形容词词组,其含义往往相当于一个关系分句。前置形容词(词组)与中心词的结构紧密,表示该中心词较永久的特征;后置形容词(词组)则表示中心词暂时的特征。作补语的形容词词组可以是“形容词+介词词组”,可以是“形容词+不定式”,也可以是“形容词+that-分句”。有些形容词与定冠词搭配,可以表示同一类人或抽象概念。形容词词组还可用作无动词分句作状语,表达时间、原因、让步、方式或伴随状况等,这种用法多见于正式语体。1.02.03.04.5.6.Theteacherfavouredmyapplyingforascholarship.Hisopinionis__________.Thereareplentyofapples.Theharvesthasbeen_________thisyear.Shewasinatremendoushurrytocatchthetrain.Wehada________conversationbeforesheleftthehouse.Thechildrenarefullofmischief,seekingtoattractattention.Tommywasparticularly____________.Youlookasthoughyouneedarest.Isuggesta________vacationinthecountry.Thefloodwasadisaster.Thelossofthecropswas_________.favourableplentifulhurriedmischievous

restfuldisastrous7.08.9.10.11.12.Ipreferbuyingvegetablesthatareprotectedbyapackage.Doyouhaveany__________tomatoes?Hehadareputationforcourtesy.Hisbehaviourwasalways_________,evenwhenhewasannoyed.You’realwaysforgettingyourassignment.You’reavery________person.IwouldprefertospendthewinterinFlorida.Anythingwouldbe____________tothiscoldweather.I’vebeenreadingamysterystory.Many__________eventstookplaceinit.Givemeallthedetails.Ineeda________descriptionofyourexperiment.packagedcourteousforgetfulpreferablemysteriousdetailed13.014.15.Theteachernoticedthatthestudentwasbecomingnervous.Hisnervousbehaviourwas__________.Theguardwasgivenamedalforhiscourageinthefaceofdanger.Hewasa____________soldier.Heseldomasksforhelp.Heisvery___________.noticeablecourageousindependent1.02.03.4.5.6.Dickismorecautiousthanisnecessary.Heis____________.Theexpeditionhadplentyofequipment.Itwasa____________expedition.Theyloadedtoomuchcoalonthetruck.Itwas___________.Thechild’seyeswerefilledwithtears.His_________eyeslookedaroundforsympathy.Thehousehadbeenbatteredbythestorm.The____________houseneededrepairs.Henrygetshisinformationfromvarioussources.Heis____________.over-cautiouswell-equippedoverloadedtear-filledstorm-batteredwell-informed7.08.09.010.TheQueenridesinacarriagedrawnbysixgreyhorses.The____________carriageiscoveredwithgold.Theschooldeskwasstainedwithink.The__________deskwasareminderofalltheschoolboyswhohadusedit.Themoviestarwastallandblonde,withblueeyes._____________blondesareconsideredveryattractive.GriefatthedeathofLincolnstruckeveryone’sheart.The______________peoplemournedtheirhero.horse-drawnink-stainedBlue-eyedgrief-stricken1.02.03.4.Peopleweremostastonishedbythatstory.Thechildrenbehavedthemselveswell.Intheroomthereweremanyfacesthatlookedbored.Thisreportencouragesusverymuch.Rewritethefollowingsentences,usingan–ingformor–edformasapremodifierinthenounphrase.Thatwas

amostastonishingstory.Theywerewell-behavedchildren.Thereweremanyboredfacesintheroom.Thisis

averyencouragingreport.5.06.7.8.Peopledidnotatallexpectthatkindofresult.Thesecircumstancesreallyworryusverymuch.AwriterpeopleknowwellhasadoptedSheilaashisdaughter.Hegavealecturethatboredallofus.Thatwas

atotallyunexpectedresult.Theseareveryworryingcircumstances.Sheilaistheadopteddaughterofawell-knownwriter.Hegaveaboringlecture.1.02.03.4.5.Weateinthe__________________restaurant.(new,unusual,Chinese)MrsBrownhas___________________________________________________children.(three,veryintelligent,healthy)Thisofficeisequippedwith_______________furniture.(oak,black,new)__________________________carvingsweredonatedtothemuseum.(original,twenty,wood,African)A_______________________sunsetfilledthesky.(beautiful,pink,pale,really)unusualnewChinesethreeveryhealthy,intelligent/threehealthy,veryintelligentnewblackoakTwentyoriginalAfricanwoodreallybeautifulpalepink6.07.8.9.10.Wholivesinthat___________________house?(new,big,classical-style)Thatrestaurantserves_____________________________________wine.(French,delicious,white)

Ihavekeptmy___________________carfortwentyyears.(large,Japanese,black)Thereare_____________________________chairsinthelivingroom.(dark,three,very,comfortable,blue)Thefarmershaverequesteda(n)____________________laboratory.(agricultural,small,modern)big,newclassical-style

deliciouswhiteFrench/delicious

FrenchwhitelargeblackJapanesethreeverycomfortabledarkbluesmallmodernagricultural1.02.03.4.Thewayshetreatedherservantsannoyedhim.Etiquette(礼节)obviouslydidnotbotherhim.Thereceptiontheygavehimdidnotc

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