介词和介词短+ 中考人教版英语总复习专题复习

专题六介词和介词短语考点一介词的基本用法(省卷：必考点，2年2考；完形填空)1.时间介词意义常用介词示例表示时间“点”at:表示在具体某一时刻或在正午、在黄昏、在午夜Igotupatseveno'clockyesterday.atnoon在中午表示时间“段”in：表示在上午、在下午、在晚上等表示一段较长的时间，如月份、季节、年份、年代、世纪等Whatdoyouusuallydointhemorning?IwasborninJuly,2010.Thewarbrokeoutinthe1960s.表示时间“段”during:表示在……期间Heswimseverydayduringthesummer.on:表示在某一天或在某一天的上午、下午或晚上，也可用于星期或节日前WeusuallyhavenoclassesonSaturdaysandSundays.WehadanEnglishpartyonFridaymorning/afternoon/evening.for,through:表示动作或状态“持续”一段时间IhavelivedinLiuzhouforfiveyears.Heworkedthroughthewholesummer.表示动作或状态的先后before:表示某个时候之前I'llbebackbeforesix.after:表示某个时候之后HepromisedtocomeaftertheSpringFestival.from:表示从某个时候开始Lunchisfromeleventotwelve.since:表示自从某个时候以后/以来(到某个时刻为止)Ihaven'tseenhimsinceJanuary.till/until:表示到某个时候为止Theystayedtheretill/untilteno'clock.2.方位介词意义常用介词示例表示“点”的位置at:表示平面或线段上的某一“点”Johnstoodatthedoor.表示在平面或空间内部in,inside:表示某个立体“容器”的内部或“区域”的内部(表示在外面，则用outside)Therearesomeapplesinthebasket.Thepolicedidn'tfindanythinginsidethebuilding.表示在平面或物体表面上或上方on:表示在平面上并与其有接触over:表示在某物正上方但不与其接触above:表示高于某物，但不一定是正上方Thereisabookonthedesk.Thebirdsareflyingoverthehouse.ThereisaclockabovetheTV.表示在物体下面或下方under：表示在某物正下方但不接触below：表示低于某物，但不一定是正下方Hefoundthekeyunderthedesk.Thesunhasgonebelowthehorizon.表示在物体的前面、后面、旁边或附近before,infrontof:表示在某物前面after,behind:表示在某物后面beside:表示在某物旁边near:表示在某物附近Hestoodbeforethedoorforaminute.Thereisapondinfrontofthehouse.Therewasagardenbehindourhouse.Isatbesidethedriver.Thereisasupermarketnearmyhome.表示处于两个或多个人或事物之间between:通常表示处于两者之间among:表示处于三者或三者以上的中间IsatbetweenJohnandMary.Theteacherstoodamongthestudents.表示沿着一条线段前后或上下移动along:表示沿着某条“线”移动from:表示移动的出发点to:表示移动的终点up:表示沿着某条“线”向上移动down:表示沿着某条“线”向下移动towards:表示朝着某人或某物，或沿着某条“线”向某个目标移动Itakeawalkalongthesmallrivereveryday.Theymovedfromtheeasttothewest.Thecatclimbedupthetree.Theywentdownthehill.Wewatchedhimwalktowardsthebusstop.表示穿过平面、管状物或空间across:表示横穿过一个平面或一条线through:表示穿过一个空间内部或地区Becarefulwhenwalkingacrossthestreet.Hedrovethecarthroughthetunnel.表示东、南、西、北、左、右等方位in:表示在某地范围之内on:表示与某地接壤to:表示在某地范围之外ShanghaiisintheeastofChina.PudongisontheeastoftheHuangpuRiver.JapanistotheeastofChina.3.方式介词意义常用介词示例表示手段或工具with:后跟具体的工具，或身体的某个部位或器官，通常可译为“用”Hecuttheapplewithaknife.Hewriteswithhislefthand.表示材料或语言in:后跟语言或书写工具，通常可译为“用”CanyouexpresstheideainEnglish?Iwrotetheletterinink,notinpencil.表示方式by:后跟方法、手段、交通工具等Igotoworkbyunderground/bus/bikeeveryday.IhavelearnedmanyancientChinesepoemsbyheart.4.其他介词介词意义示例about关于；与……相关I'mreadingabookaboutChina.against①反对②倚靠在……上面③防……；抗……Areyoufororagainstthisplan?Don'tleanagainstthedoor.Thisisanewdrugagainstthecancer.round/around围绕Wesatround/aroundGrandpaandlistenedtohisstory.as作为；当作Iregardyouasmybestfriend.like像Thepaperflowerislikearealone.besides除……之外(还)Teaisthemostpopulardrinkbesideswater.except除了……以外EveryoneishappyexceptTom.for①给；为了②赞成；支持③由于④对于Myfatherboughtanewbikeforme.IvotedforTom.Guizhouisfamousforitsbeautifulscenery.Itisnecessaryforustohavebreakfasteverymorning.from从……；自……IborrowedabookfromJack.of①(关于)……的②表示数量或种类③由……制成ThereisapictureofTian'anmenSquareonthewall.Canyougivemeaglassofwater?Thetableismadeofwood.with①具有；带有②和……一起③反对；与……对立④由于；因为Beijingisalargecitywithmanyancientbuildings.Mr.Brownplayedwithhischildreninthepark.Ihadanarguementwithmybrother.Hewasshakingwithcold.without没有Theboypaintedthepicturewithouthelp.in在……状态下Theflowersareinfullbloom.1.Therestaurantispopular_______teenagersbecauseitsfoodischeapanddelicious.A.withoutB.duringC.among2.Withtheteacher'shelp,IhaverealizedI'mnotthecenter_______theworldandlearnedtoputmyselfinothers'shoes.A.ofB.byC.up3.Wewillhaveaclassmeeting_______4：00thisafternoon.A.onB.inC.at4.Eachyear,peoplecelebrateWorldEnvironmentDay_______June5th.A.inB.atC.onCACC5.—HowareyougoingtoShanghai,Harry?—______plane.A.OfB.ByC.With6.It'shardtoturndownbananas.Theytastegoodandyoudon'thavetowashthem______eatingthem.A.untilB.afterC.before7.You'dbetternothangoutafterschool_______tellingyourparents.Theymayworryaboutyou.A.byB.withC.withoutBCC考点二介词短语(省卷：近2年未考查；北部湾经济区：2021～2022年未考查)初中阶段常见的介词短语类别如下：as短语asaresult因此asfor就……而言aswellas也suchas比如at短语athome在家atthemoment此刻attheageof在……岁时atthesametime同时attimes有时atonce立刻；马上atpresent现在atnight在晚上atfirst/last开始/最后atthepriceof以……的价格atthebeginningof在……的开始attheendof在……的结尾atschool/work在上学/上班atleast至少；最少atmost至多；不超过by短语bybus乘公共汽车bybike骑自行车bycar乘小汽车byplane/air乘飞机byaccident偶然；意外地bymistake错误地bytheway顺便说/问一下for短语forexample例如forshort简称；缩写in短语intime及时intheway妨碍；挡道inthefuture在将来inahurry匆忙inadvance提前；预先inclass在课堂上incommon共同地inpublic公开地；当众infact事实上；实际上indanger在危险中indetail详细地inhalf分成两半inneed在危难/急中inorderto为了inshort总之；简言之insilence沉默；无声地intotal总共ingeneral总之；一般而言inaword总之；简言之introuble处于困境中inorder井然有序；按顺序on短语onbusiness出差onduty值日ontime按时；准时onfoot步行onfire着火；失火ontheway在路上onsale廉价出售onshow展览；展出onone'sown独自onpurpose故意ontheleft/right在左/右边onone'swayto在某人去……的路上to短语toone'ssurprise让某人惊讶的是tobehonest老实说accordingto根据with短语withthehelpof在……的帮助下togetherwith和……一起其他常见介词短语afterall毕竟acrossfrom在……对面allofasudden突然becauseof因为allovertheworld全世界lessthan少于morethan多于insteadof代替；反而withoutdoubt毫无疑问onceinawhile偶尔；间或fromtimetotime时不时地ofcourse当然；自然fromnowon从现在起onceuponatime从前1.(2024南宁一模)Thepopulationofwildtigersissmallerandsmaller.Theyare_______now.A.inpeaceB.inpublicC.indanger2.Tomusedtobeafraidofspeaking______,butnowheismuchmoreconfident.A.inpublicB.inpersonC.intotal3.Ourschoolprovidessomanycolorfulafter­schoolactivitiesonFridays,buteachstudentcanonlychoose________twoactivities.A.atfirstB.atleastC.atmost4._____myopinion,weshouldbeproudofourcountry.A.ForB.AtC.InCACC5.IhavenomoneyonmebecauseIoftenpay________thingsthroughWeChat.A.toB.ofC.for6.Poemsinfluencepeoplealot._______,thepoemsofBaiJuyiarestillmeaningfultoday.A.IntheendB.FromnowonC.Forexample7.According_______anewstudyfromtheWorldHealthOrganization,musiccanmakeushappierandhealthier.A.forB.toC.inCCB1.(2024河北改编)Hurryup,Nancy!Themeetingwillstart_______tenminutes.A.byB.inC.for2.(2024扬州改编)TheMarcoPoloMemorialHallstandsattheeastendofDongguanStreet_______Yangzhou.A.onB.atC.in3.(2024云南改编)_________theSpringFestival,lanternscanbeseenalmosteverywhereinmyhometown.A.AboveB.BetweenC.DuringBCC4.(2024成都)ChinaDailynamed“Growth”_________its“WordoftheYear2023”．A.asB.afterC.for5.(2024福建)Aspecialfestivalwasheld______September23rdlastyeartohonorthehardworkofChinesefarmers.A.inB.forC.on6.Wecangotoschool________biketomakeourcitygreener.A.byB.onC.in7.Mymotheroftentellsmeit'simpolitetohitanemptybowl_______chopsticks.A.inB.withC.onACAB8.—I'mgoingtoDisneyland_______twoweeks.—Wow,soundslikefun!A.toB.inC.at9.—Ourcountrydevelopsreallyfast.—Yes.________,ithasmadegreatachievementsinmanyareas.A.IntheendB.FromnowonC.Infact10.Look!Thefishisswimmingfast______theriver.A.atB.inC.of11.Amywantstobeagoodlearner________practicingmore.A.byB.forC.onBCBA12.Thetrafficlightisstillred.Wemustn'tgo_______theroadnow.A.againstB.amongC.across13.Danceisnotjustaformofart,butalsoalanguagewhichtellsstories__________body.A.withoutB.for