2024-2025学年新教材高中英语Unit4SpaceExplorationSectionⅡDiscoveringUsefulStructures学案含解析新人教版必修第三册

PAGEUnit4SpaceExplorationSectionⅡDiscoveringUsefulStructures单元语法精析动词不定式作定语和状语语法点拨动词不定式具出名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时还保持动词的某些特点，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。这里重点讲解动词不定式作定语和状语的用法。以do为例，不定式的各种形式如下表：主动形式被动形式说明一般式todotobedone不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生进行式tobedoing/不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone不定式的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前一、动词不定式用作定语1．动词不定式作定语常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语，表示尚未发生的动作。Letusgivehimsomethingtoeat.让我们给他一些吃的东西。Wehavemuchhomeworktodotonight.今晚我们有许多作业要做。2．名词前有first，last，next，only等词以及最高级修饰时，其后要用动词不定式。ShewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.她是第一个在奥运会中赢得金牌的女性。3．抽象名词attempt，ability，chance，desire，determination，decision，plan，way或不定代词something，nothing等后面常用不定式作后置定语。ButJanisAdkinshastheabilityanddesiretodousefulwork.但是詹尼斯·阿德金斯有实力和愿望去做有用的工作。4．当名词与定语之间存在动宾关系时。Iusuallyhavealotofmeetingtoattend.我通常有许多会议要参与。Sheisanicepersontoworkwith.她是一个很好的合作伙伴。5．当名词与定语之间存在主谓关系时。Wemustfindapersontodothejob.我们必需找到一个人来做这项工作。Weneedsomeonetogoandgetadoctor.我们须要有人去请医生。6．当名词与定语有同位关系时。Wegottheordertoleavethecity.我们接到了离开这个城市的吩咐。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①Theairport__tobecompleted__(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.②Doyouhaveanything__todo__(do)tonight?③Thebestway__toimprove__(improve)yourEnglishistojoinanEnglishclub.二、动词不定式在句中作状语，主要用来修饰动词和形容词，也可用来修饰副词。在句中，不定式可作目的状语、缘由状语、结果状语、条件状语等，可表示目的、缘由及结果等。1．目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。为加强语气，常与inorder或soas组成短语。Agroupofyoungpeoplegottogethertodiscussthisquestion.一群年轻人聚在一起探讨这个问题。Inordertohelphim,wewoulddoeverythingwecan.为了帮助他，我们将尽我们所能。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(M))名师点津不定式作目的状语(1)不定式作目的状语时，其动作通常迟于谓语动词的动作。Isaidthattoencouragehim.我这么说是为了激励他。(2)置于句首时只用todo/inordertodo。如用于表示否定，inorder或soas不能省略，用inordernottodo或soasnottodo形式。Iwalkedquietlysoasnottodisturbthebaby.我宁静地走路，以免打搅婴儿。(3)不定式作目的状语可转换为sothat/inorderthat或so...that...引导的目的状语从句。Heworkedveryhardtopasstheexam.→Heworkedsohardthathecouldpasstheexam.→Heworkedhardsothat/inorderthathecouldpasstheexam.他特别努力以便能通过考试。2．缘由状语，多见于“sb.＋be＋adj.＋todo...”结构句中。Iwasverysadtohearthenews.听到这个消息我很难受。3．结果状语，多见于“too...to”；“enoughto...”；onlytodo(表示意料之外的结果的发生)；so/such...asto(意为“如此……以至于……”)结构句中。I’mtootiredtodowell.我太累了做不好。Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.他到上学的年龄了。Herushedback,onlytofindthebookmissing.他冲了回来，却发觉书不见了。Sheissoproudastolookdownuponothers.她太傲慢了，看不起别人。4．独立动词不定式多用作插入语，表示说话人的心理状态或对事情的看法。I’dliketostayhealthy,buttobehonest,Ionlyeatfoodthattastesgood.我想保持健康，但说实话，我只吃味道好的食物。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(M))名师点津现在分词与不定式作结果状语的区分(1)动词不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的结果。Anxiously,shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton,onlytofinditdidn’tfit.她急迫地从包袱里拿出衣服试穿，结果发觉衣服不合身。(2)现在分词作结果状语强调的是一种顺承的，必定造成的结果。Hisfatherpassedaway,leavinghimalittlemoney.他父亲去世了，留给他一点钱。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①(2024·(天津卷)英语笔试(第一次))Thelocalgovernmentdoesn’thavetosacrificeenvironmentalprotection__topromote__(promote)economicgrowth.②(2024·(天津卷)英语笔试(其次次))__Tohelp__(help)uspreparefortheexam,theteachersuggestedreadingthroughournotes.③__Toworkout__(workout)thedifficultmathsproblem,IhaveconsultedProfessorRussellseveraltimes.④__Tolearn__(learn)moreaboutChineseculture,JacehasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasanelectivecourse.⑤Hehurriedtothestationonly__tofind__(find)thetrainhadleft.⑥(全国卷Ⅱ)WetravelonDay2tonorthernFrance__tovisit__(visit)theWorldWarⅠbattlefields.⑦(全国卷Ⅲ)WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustglad__tofind__(find)themalive.⑧(全国卷Ⅲ)Joinus__totaste__(taste)avarietyoffreshlocalfoodanddrinks.语法专练Ⅰ．单句语法填空1．Theoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening,happy__towatch__(watch)anythingthathappenedtobeon.2．Idialedupcorporateheadquarters,only__tobetold__(tell)thosenameswerenotyetpublic.3．Volunteeringgivesyouachance__tochange__(change)lives,includingyourown.4．Thebuilding__tobecompleted__(complete)nextyearisdesignedforteachers.5．It’sstandardpracticeforacompanylikethisone__toemploy__(employ)asecurityofficer.6．__Tofree__(free)ourselvesfromthephysicalandmentaltensions,weeachneeddeepthoughtandinnerquietness.7．Theyhurriedtothestation,only__tofind__(find)theirtrainhadgonefiveminutesbefore.8．Hehurriedtoschoolonly__tofind__(find)nobodythere.9．Canyoutellmewhichisthecar__berepaired__(repair)?10．I’mglad__toknow__(know)thenewsthatwehavewonthematch.Ⅱ．依据提示完成句子1．Heistheteacher__toteachusEnglishnextterm__.他是下学期教我们英语的老师。2．Ihavenothing__tosayonthisquestion__.我对这问题没什么可说的。3．Thewholefamilywenttobeach__tospendtheirweekend__.全家人去海滩度周末。4．Weshallbeveryhappy__tocooperatewithyouintheproject__.我们将很兴奋在这个项目上与你合作。5．Thenextplane__toarrive__isfromNewYork.下一班到达的飞机来自纽约。6．Heisalways__thefirsttocometo__andlasttoleavetheoffice.他总是第一个到办公室，最终一个离开。7．Thereareenoughchairsfortheguests__tositon__.有足够的椅子给客人坐。8．Wearedelighted__toknow__thatyou’regoingtovisitusnextmonth.很兴奋得知你下个月要来看我们。9．Theteais__toohottodrink__.这茶太热了，不能喝。10．Heliftedarockonly__todropitonhisownfeet__.他搬起石头结果砸到了自己的脚。Ⅱ．语法主题应用李华正在和同学张青谈论他的宇航员幻想，请依据语境和提示完成对话。Zhang：I1.__amdelightedtoknow__(很兴奋得知)youareintereste