考向04 名词的数及所有格（重点）-备战2023年中考英语一轮复习考点微专题（解析版）

考向04名词的数及所有格1.（2022·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）________fatherisapilot.Hehasbeentomanycountriesaroundtheworld.A．TonyandPeter’s B．Tony’sandPeter C．Tony’sandPeter’s【答案】A【解析】句意：托尼和彼得的爸爸是飞行员。他去过世界上许多国家。考查名词所有格。根据“father”可知，此处指两个人共有的爸爸，在后一个人名后加’s，故选A。2．（2022·西藏·中考真题）Moreandmore________wanttolearnaboutChineseculture.A．Germans B．German C．Germany D．Germans’【答案】A【解析】句意：越来越多的德国人想了解中国文化。考查词义辨析和名词复数。Germans德国人，名词复数；German德国人，名词单数；Germany德国；Germans’表述错误。“Moreandmore”修饰可数名词复数，指人想了解中国文化。故选A。（一）名词的数用法概览一、可数名词有单、复数形式。（一）名词复数形式的规则变化1.一般在名词的结尾加-s，在清辅音后读/s/，在浊辅音和元音后后读/z/。exercise→exercises desk→desks2.以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加-es，读/Iz/。watch→watches box→boxes3.以＂辅音字母+y＂结尾的词，把y变i，再加-es。factory→factories lady→ladies4.以f或fe结尾的词，一般把f或fe改为v，加-es。wolf→wolves knife→knives5.以o结尾的可数名词，有生命的加-es，无生命的加-s。potato→potatoes piano→pianos【易错警示】1.注意以下名词的复数形式是在词尾加-s。American→Americans美国人 Australian→Australians澳大利亚人 Canadian→Canadians加拿大人German→Germans德国人 Greek→Greeks希腊人 Indian→Indians印度人Russian→Russians俄罗斯人2.有些名词表面为复数形式，实为单数。math数学，news新闻，physics物理，politics政治，theUnitedNations联合国，theUnitedStates美国【知识拓展】1.以o结尾的名词，需加-es的名词有：negro（黑人），hero（英雄），tomato（西红柿），potato（土豆）。可结合顺口溜来记忆这些单词，即＂黑人英雄西红柿和土豆＂。2.以f或fe结尾的名词，须把f或fe变为v，再加-es的名词有：calf（小牛，牛犊），half（一半），knife（小刀），leaf（叶子），life（生活，生命），loaf（长面包），self（自己），shelf（架子），thief（小偷），wife（妻子），wolf（狼）。可结合顺口溜来记忆，即＂妻已架刀命牛郎（狼），半夜（叶）偷包要提防＂（单词顺序为wife，self，shelf，knife，life，calf，wolf，half，leaf，thief，loaf）3.以ch结尾的名词：ch发音为/k/的名词，其复数形式直接在词尾加-s，如：stomach→stomachs胃（二）名词复数的不规则变化1.单复数同形Chinese→Chinesesheep→sheepJapanese→Japanese2.改变元音字母man→menwoman→womenfoot→feettooth→teethpolicewoman→policewomen3.只有复数形式的名词trousersscissorspantsglassesshoes4.其他变化mouse→micechild→children【易错警示】1.fish表示鱼的种类时，复数形式为fishes，而fish表示鱼的条数时，复数形式仍为fish。如：differentfishes不同种类的鱼 fivefish五条鱼2.works意为＂工厂＂时，单复数形式一样，而work意为＂著作，作品＂时，复数形式是works。如：achemicalworks一座化工厂 threechemicalworks三座化工厂aworkbyMoYan一部莫言的作品 threeworksbyMoYan三部莫言的作品（三）不可数名词一般情况下，专有名词、物质名称、抽象名词为不可数名词。不可数名词一般没有复数形式，但有些名词在不同的语境下有不同的含义，从而也表现出可数与不可数性。1.常见的不可数名词不能用具体的数字来表示。cotton棉花，food食物，hair头发，health健康，ice冰，wind风2.可转化为可数名词的物资名称（1）有些物质名词在表达个体概念时，是可数名词。rain雨→arain一场雨，wind风→awind一阵风，beer啤酒→abeer一杯啤酒，paper纸→apaper一份论文（2）有些物质名词的复数形式表示特殊含义。Water水→waters海域，wood木头→woods森林，custom习惯→customs海关3.可转化为可数名词的抽象名词抽象名词表示具体的人或事物时，被视为可数名词，可与不定冠词连用，也可有复数形式，表示＂某种人或事＂。disappointment失望→adisappointment令人失望的事，experience经验→anexperience一次经历，success成功→asuccess成功的人或事4.可转化为可数名词的专有名词有的专有名词也可以用作可数名词，可以由不定冠词修饰，也可有复数形式。►AMrBlackiswaitingforyou.一个叫布莱克的先生在等你。【易错警示】某些不可数名词，有形容词修饰时，之前常加不定冠词。adeeplove深深的爱 agoodeducation良好的教育 agoodtime一段美好时光aheavyfog一场浓雾 alongsilence长时间沉寂 arichdinner一顿丰盛的晚餐（二）所有格名词所有格通常是用来表示一个名词和另一个名词之间的所属关系。构成类别构成方法举例单数名词在词尾直接加’sJim’sroom吉姆的房间词尾已有-s的复数名词在词尾只加’Students’rooms学生们的房间词尾不带-s的复数名词在词尾直接加’sChildren’sDay儿童节表示两者或两者以上共有的所属关系在最后一个词的词尾加’sJaneandMary’sroom简和玛丽的房间（指两个人共用一个房间）表示两者或两者以上各自的所属关系在每个词的词尾加’sJane’sandMary’srooms简和玛丽各自的房间（指分别所有）表示某人的家、店铺、办公室等在词尾加’s，省略其后名词atmyuncle’s在我叔叔家of所有格无生命的名词的所属关系一般要用介词of短语来构成。如amapofChina，attheendofthisterm。但表时间、距离、世界、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命的名词直接在词尾加-’s或-’。fiveminutes’walk双重所有格表示所属物的名词前有冠词（a/an），数词（one，two...），不定代词（some，all，any...），物主代词（my，your...），指示代词（this，that...时，常用＂of+’s所有格＂形式，即双重所有格来表示所属关系。aphotoofmysister’s我妹妹的一张照片 thisbookofmyclassmate’s我同学的这本书【助记口诀】名词所有格的用法口诀名词所有格，表物是＂谁的＂，若为生命词，加＂’s＂即可行，词尾有-s，仅把逗号择；并列名词后，各自和共有，前者分别加，后者最后加；若为无生命词，of所有格，前后须倒置，此是硬规则。基础练一、单项选择1．Thehospitalis_________fromhere.A．fortyminutes’swalk B．fortyminute’swalk C．fortyminuteswalk D．fortyminutes’walk2．—Whoseroomisthis?—It’s________.A．LucyandLily B．Lucy’sandLily’s C．LucyandLily’s D．Lucy’sandLily3．On________Day,allofthe________teachersreceivedbeautifulflowersinourschool.A．Woman’s,woman B．Women’s,woman C．Women’s,women4．Mymotherboughtthree________inthesupermarket.Wewouldeat________forlunch.A．fish;fishes B．fishes;fish C．fish;fish5．Thereare________onthedesk.A．threecupsofteas B．threecup C．threecupsoftea D．threeteas二、用所给单词的正确形式填空6．Anumberof________(German)likeChinesefood.7．Thebabyhasonlytwo________(tooth)now.8．Marymade_________(speech)onhowtobeagoodvolunteerandweweredeeplymovedbyit.9．Thetwinsareproudtobe________(member)oftheschoolbasketballteam.10．Edisonhadmorethanonethousand________duringhislifetime.(invent)11．These________werepayingavisittoournewly-builtwesterncampus.(visit)12．Lily’s________(dictionary)areunderthetable.13．He’spooratspelling.Hemadealotofspelling_________(mistake)inhiswriting.14．Ilikespringbest.Therearebeautiful________(flower)everywhere.15．It’seasiertomake________(enemy)thantomakefriends.16．Iamexcitedtogetmy________(hero)poster.Iadmirehimforhishardwork.17．Withseveral________(coach)help,thelittleboyfinallylearnedhowtoswim.18．Aftertwo_________（week）hardwork,I’dliketocomebacktothecountrysidetorelaxmyself.19．Mr.Blackisateacherofmy________(sister).Sheandherclassmateslikehimverymuch.20．It’sagoodideatogiveyourfatherajacketasagiftonJune19,________(Father)Day.提升练单项选择1．—Jenny,here’resome________.Aretheyyours?—No,mine________inmyschoolbag.A．photo,is B．photos,are C．photoes,are D．photoes,is2．—Arethevisitorsallfrom_________?—No,thereareonly5_________inthegroup.A．Germany;Germany B．Germany;Germans C．German;Germans3．Dancingisoneofmy________.Itakedancingclassestwiceaweek.A．hobby B．hobbies C．habit D．habits4．—It’sdangeroushere.We’dbettergooutquickly.—ButIthinkweshouldlet________gooutfirst.A．womanandchildren B．womenandchild C．womanandchild D．womenandchildren5．—Didyouhaveagreattimeonthefarmyesterday?—Yes,wesawmanybeautifulflowersandlotsof________and________.A．pigs;chicken B．sheep;chickens C．fishes;chicken D．duck;chickens6．Lilyisafriendof________.A．Mary’smother’s B．Mary’smother’sofC．Marymother’s D．mother’sofMary7．---Aboyisflyingakiteoverthere.Whoishe?---HeisbrotherA．Lucy'sandLily's B．LucyandLily's C．Lucy'sandLily8．Thisisthetwins’bedroom.Wecansee________beds.A．May’sandJoy’s B．May’sandJoy C．MayandJoy D．MayandJoy’s9．—Afriendof________

thinksshewon’tpasstheexam.—Ithinksheshouldbelievein________.That’sthesecrettosuccess.A．myaunt;her B．myaunt’s;her C．myaunt’s;herself10．Morethan60percentofChineseteenagersdon’tget________sleepadayandhomeworkisthoughttobethekeyreason.A．eight-hours B．eighthour’s C．eighthour D．eighthours’二、语法填空Smartphoneshavebecomeanimportantandnecessarypartofourdaily__1___(life).However,theoveruseofsmartphonesmaycauseyoungerstudents’eyeproblemsandstopthempayingattentiontotheir__2___(study).InChina,primaryandmiddleschoolhavehadmore__3___(rule)tolimitstudents’mobilephoneuseatschoolsinceJanuary.__4___(that)whorequiretheirphonesforsomereasonsmustgettheirparents’andteachers’emission(允许)andhandtheirphonesoverduringclasstime,insomeschools,thereisa__5___(box)outoftheclassroomforspeciallystoring__6___(student)phones.___7__(this)isobviouslygoodforimprovingstudents’focusonstudyandfightingaddiction(瘾)totheinternet.Accordingtoareport,Chinahad175millioninternet___8__(use)undertheageof18in2019,with74percenthaving__9__(they)ownmobilephones.Thisisworrying,aslong-timeuseofsmartphonesharms__10___(child)eyesight,neckandeventhebrain.Besides,spendingtoomuchtimeonthephonewilltaketheirattentionawayandpreventthemfromlearning.真题练一、单项选择1．（2022·广西桂林·中考真题）Billhasgottwo________.A．sister B．brothers C．student2．（2022·湖南益阳·中考真题）Look!Therearesome________eatinggrassonthehill.A．sheep B．cow C．horse3．（2022·湖南湘西·中考真题）I’mnothungryatallbecauseIjustatemuch________.A．apples B．bananas C．bread4．（2022·湖南邵阳·中考真题）—Wouldyoulikesome________?—Yes,madam.A．egg B．juice C．milkteas5．（2022·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）Withtheintroductionofthe“doublereduction”policy(双减政策),oneofthe________________thatthestudentshavelesshomework.A．changes;is B．change;is C．changes;are6．（2022·重庆·中考真题）Thisyear,thefamilywentcampingon________Day,June1st.A．Child B．Child’s C．Children D．Children’s二、用所给单词的正确形式填空7．（2022·西藏·中考真题）Thevolunteersangasongtodraw________(child)attention.8．（2019·江苏扬州·中考真题）Followthat______adviceandsoonyouwillsolvetheproblem.(teacher)9．（2022·山东临沂·中考真题）My_______gardenisverynice.（grandmother）10．（2022·江苏镇江·中考真题）TheseUNICEF_______(office)wishistoimprovethelivingconditionsofthelocalchildren.11．（2022·江苏泰州·中考真题）Ispentone________(night)timemakingavideoMeiLanfangandHisHometowntotakepartin“TellChina’sS