语法专题复习(七)

九年级语法专题复习语法专题复习(七)被动语态一、被动语态的构成被动语态由“be动词＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。其人称、数和时态的变化通过be动词的变化来体现。二、几种常用时态的被动语态1．一般现在时：am/is/are＋动词的过去分词如：Bikesaresoldinthatshop.那家商店卖自行车。2．一般过去时：was/were＋动词的过去分词如：Alotoftreeswereplantedlastyear.去年种植了很多树。3．一般将来时：shall/will/begoingto＋be＋动词的过去分词如：AnEnglishspeechwillbegivenbyJacktomorrow.明天杰克将作一个英文演讲。4．现在进行时：am/is/are＋being＋动词的过去分词如：Anewcarisbeingtestednow.现在，一辆新汽车正在被检测。5．现在完成时：have/has＋been＋动词的过去分词如：Aroadhasbeenbuiltbythegovernment.政府已经修了一条路。三、被动语态的用法1．不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。如：Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.昨晚，一些新电脑被盗了。2．强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。如：ThewindowwasbrokenbyMike.窗户是迈克打破的。◆口诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。四、主动语态变为被动语态的方法1．把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。2．把谓语动词变成被动结构：be＋动词的过去分词。(根据被动语态句子中的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。)3．把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。如：HelaughedatTom.→Tomwaslaughedatbyhim.◆口诀：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。五、含有情态动词的主动语态变被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词＋be＋动词的过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变为被动语态后，“to”仍要保留(如oughtto)。◆口诀：情态动词变被动，情态加be加“过分”，原来带to要保留。如：Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.→Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.Yououghttotakeitaway.→Itoughttobetakenaway.Theyshoulddoitatonce.→Itshouldbedoneatonce.六、含双宾语的主动语态变被动语态含有双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态时，有两种情况：一种情况是把间接宾语(指人)变为主语，直接宾语(指物)不变；另一种情况是把直接宾语(指物)变为主语，间接宾语(指人)不变，这时，间接宾语前通常加介词to或for。◆口诀：如遇双宾语，最好变间宾。若要变直宾，bedone后把to/for加。如：Myfathergavemeanewbookonmybirthday.→Iwasgivenanewbook(bymyfather)onmybirthday.(间接宾语作主语)→Anewbookwasgiventome(bymyfather)onmybirthday.(直接宾语作主语)七、注意一些后面跟宾语补足语的动词，如make,see,hear等，在主动语态中接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，在变为被动语态时一定要加上to。如：Hemademestandoutside.→Iwasmadetostandoutside(byhim)．Isawhimplayfootball.→Hewasseentoplayfootball(byme)．◆口诀：宾补动词真奇怪，to在句中像妖怪。主动句中to走开，被动句中to回来。经典例题Ⅰ.单项选择()1.AtalkonChinesehistory________intheschoolhallnextweek.A．isgivenB．hasbeengivenC．willbegivenD．gives()2.2017·咸宁—WhatdoyouthinkofthelatestTVplayTheNameofPeople?—It'sverypopular.Millionsoffamilies________byitduringthattime.A．attractedB．areattractedC．wereattractedD．wereattracting()3.Smartphones________intheclassroom.A．aren'tallowedB．aren'tallowingC．allowD．isallowed()4.Yourshoes________.Youneedanewpair.A．wearoutB．wornoutC．arewornoutD．isworn()5.Thedoctor________foryet.A．isn'tsentB．hasn'tbeensentC．won'tbesentD．wasn'tsent

()6.Manyhouses________bytheearthquakeandthousandsofpeoplewerelefthomeless.A．damagedB．weredamagedC．weredamagingD．aredamaged()7.—Claudia,areyougoingtoMike'sbirthdaypartyonSunday?—UnlessI________．A．aminvitedB．invitedC．wasinvitingD．invites()8.—Iwanttoborrowthebook,butIdon'tknowhowlongitmay________.—Fortwoweeks.A．borrowB．beborrowedC．keepD．bekept()9.2017·天津Let'swaitandseewhetherbooks________bytheInternetinthefuture.A．replaceB．replacedC．willbereplacedD．werereplaced()10.Astory________byGrannyyesterday.A．wastoldusB．wastoldtousC．istoldusD．toldus()11.Aseveryoneknows,rubbish________everywhere.A．needbethrownB．mustn'tbethrownC．can'tthrowD．maythrow()12.Lastyear,fiveChineseteachers________toaschoolintheU．K.toteachtheBritishstudentsChinese.A．wassentB．weresentC．havesentD．sent()13.—Waiter,I'dlikesomedumplings.—Sorry,sir.Dumplings________onlyforlunchanddinner.A．serveB．servedC．areservedD．areserving()14.Youcan'twearshoesinsidethisroom.It________．A．doesn'tallowB．isn'tallowedC．hasn'tallowedD．wasn'tallowed()15.—Look!Whathaveyoudone?—Sorry.IthinkifI________anotherchance,I'lldoitbetter.A．giveB．willbegivenC．willgiveD．amgiven()16.Anewschool________lastyearinmyhometown.A．setupB．setsupC．issetupD．wassetupⅡ.用动词的正确语态填空1．Thestudents________often________(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.2．Thatplay________(put)onagainsometimenextmonth.3．Theoldmanisill.He________(mustsend)tothehospital.4．—What________theknife________(make)of?—It________(make)ofmetal.5．Apianoconcert________(give)herelastFriday.6．________themagazine________(cantake)outofthelibrary?7．Apples________(grow)onthisfarm.8．Thebike________(mustnotput)here.9．Abeautifulhorse________(draw)byJohnnow.10．ThePLA________(found)onAugust1st,1927.11．Atthecrossing,apoliceman________often________(see)．12．Alltheclothesintheshop________(cantry)on.

详解详析Ⅰ.1.C2.C3.A4.C5.B6.B7．A句意：“Claudia,星期天你打算参加迈克的生日聚会吗？”“除非我被邀请去。”根据句意可知“I”与“invite”之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。在条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。故选A。8．D9.C10.B11.B12.B13.C14．B句意：你不能在这个房间穿鞋，它是不允许的。这里it是句子