语法专题复习(十二)

九年级语法专题复习语法专题复习(十二)宾语从句宾语从句是中考重要考点之一，主要考查其引导词、时态和语序。一、宾语从句的引导词(连接词)1．当宾语从句是陈述句时，用that引导，that可以省略。如：EventheteacheragreedthatMartinwaswastinghistime.甚至老师也认同马丁在浪费时间。2．当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，用whether或if引导，句尾的标点符号取决于主句。如：DoyoulikewatchingTV?Heaskedme.→Heaskedmeif/whetherIlikedwatchingTV.3．连接代词what,who,whom,whose,which引导宾语从句时，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等，不能省略。如：Sheknowswhatishappening.她知道正在发生什么。4．连接副词when,where,how,why等引导宾语从句时，在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、方式或原因，不能省略。如：Doyouknowwhenshewillcomeback?你知道她什么时候回来吗？二、宾语从句的时态和语序1．宾语从句的时态(1)主句如果是现在的某种时态(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时),那么，宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：Irememberthathegavemeabookyesterday.我记得他昨天给了我一本书。Hehastoldmethathe'llleaveforNewYorktomorrow.他已经告诉我明天他要动身去纽约了。(2)主句如果是过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时),宾语从句也要用过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。如：In1991,Hepburndiscoveredthatshehadcancer.1991年，赫本发现自己得了癌症。Hetoldmethathewouldtakepartinthehighjump.他告诉我他将参加跳高。(3)如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时。如：Hetoldmethattheearthgoesaroundthesun.他告诉我地球围绕太阳转。2．宾语从句的语序宾语从句要用陈述语序，即主语在前，谓语在后。注意：当连接词在从句中作主语时，原问句的语序不变。如：Whocanswimwell?Doyouknow?→Doyouknowwhocanswimwell?三、否定前移和宾语从句的简化1．否定前移在主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,expect等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定形式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定形式。如：Idon'tthinkIcanliftitup.我认为我举不动它。2．宾语从句的简化(1)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：IhopethatIcanreceiveyoure­mail.＝Ihopetoreceiveyoure­mail.我希望收到你的邮件。(2)当宾语从句由疑问词引导且主语和主句的主语相同，同时主句的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn等时，从句可简化为“疑问词＋不定式”结构。如：Shedoesn'tknowwhatsheshoulddonext.＝Shedoesn'tknowwhattodonext.她不知道下一步做什么。(3)当主句的谓语动词是ask,tell,show,teach等时，且由疑问词引导的宾语从句的主语和主句的间接宾语一致时，从句可简化为“疑问词＋不定式”结构。如：WillyoupleaseshowmehowIcanworkitout?＝Willyoupleaseshowmehowtoworkitout?你能展示给我怎样把它算出来吗？(4)宾语从句可简化为名词或名词性短语。如：Idon'tbelievewhatTomsaid.＝Idon'tbelieveTom'swords.我不相信汤姆的话。经典例题()1.Tomwasnotlisteningcarefully,sohefailedtohear________．A．whattheteachersaidB．howtheteachersaidC．whatdidtheteachersayD．howdidtheteachersay()2.—YourheadteacherhassetupaWeChatgroup.Couldyoutell________？—Itismoreconvenienttocommunicatewithourparents.A．whenitwassetupB．whydidhesetupC．whatitisusedforD．howdidhesetup()3.—I'mgoingtobuyacar.Anyadvice,Charlie?—Well,itdependson________.Ifmoneyisn'ttheproblem,youcanbuyaBMW.A．whenyouwillbuyoneB．howmuchyoucanaffordC．whatcolouryoulikeD．whereyouaredriving()4.—Canyoutellme________theprize,Tom?—Lastyear.A．whenyougotB．whendidyougetC．whenwillyougetD．whenyouwillget()5.Pleasetellme________toimprovemyEnglish.A．whatIcandoB．whatcanIdoC．howIcandoD．howcanIdo()6.Ourgeographyteachertoldusthattheearth________thesun.A．wentaroundB．goesaroundC．isgoingaroundD．wasgoingaround()7.—Hi,Tony!Doyouknow________？—Yes,thereisacoffeeshopatthecornerofthestreet.A．whenIcangetacupofcoffeeB．whencanIgetacupofcoffeeC．whereIcangetacupofcoffeeD．wherecanIgetacupofcoffee()8.—Areyougoingtoplaythepianointheclubthisafternoon?—Maybe.Butmymotherhasaheadache.I'mnotsure________shewilldrivemethere.A．whichB．whatC．whetherD．why()9.—Excuseme,doyouknow________？—Sure.Thereisabookstoredownthestreet.A．wherecanIgetsomepostcardsB．whereIcangetsomepostcardsC．whenIcangetsomepostcardsD．whencanIgetsomepostcards()10.Ican'tunderstand________theboyalone.A．whysheleftB．whydidsheleaveC．whyshehadleftD．whyhadsheleft()11.Shetoldmethesun________intheeast.A．riseB．roseC．risesD．hadrisen()12.Idon'tknow________upsoearlylastSunday.A．whydidhegetB．whyhegetsC．whydoeshegetD．whyhegot

()13.Themanagercameuptosee________．A．whatwasthematterB．whatthematterwasC．whatthematterisD．what'sthematter()14.Ididn'thear________.SoIaskedhimtorepeatit.A．whatdidhesayatthemeetingB．whathesaidatthemeetingC．wherewouldhespendhisholidayD．wherehehasspenthisholiday()15.2017·阜康—Daniel,couldyoutellme________？—Certainly,inTokyo.A．whenthe2020OlympicswillbeheldB．whenwillthe2020OlympicsbeheldC．wherethe2020OlympicswillbeheldD．wherewillthe2020Olympicsbeheld()16.Couldyoupleaseteachme________thecomputer?A．howcheckB．tocheckC．tohowcheckingD．howtocheck()17.—Doyouknow________？—Foramonth.A．howlongwillshebeawayB．howlongshewillbeawayC．howoftenwillshegothereD．howoftenshewillgothere()18.—Idon'tknow________.Canyougivemesomeadvice?—HowaboutMoYan's?Heisfamousnow.A．whosenovelIshouldbuyB．whosenovelshouldIbuyC．whereIcanbuythenovelD．wherecanIbuythenovel()19.—Doyouknow________？—Perhapstomorrow,butI'mnotsure.A．howwe'llgotothemuseumB．whichplacewillwevisitnextSundayC．whenwe'lltraveltoDisneylandD．whyhewon'tcomehere()20.—Doyouremember________hecamehere?—OfcourseIdo.Hisfatherd