non-verbal-communication-无语言交流(课堂)

.1Non-verbalcommounicationJoyTong.2Whatdoyouthinkthisindicates?.3Whatistherelationbetweenthesetwopersons?.4Whatdoesthissignify?.5Whatisbeingcommunicatedhere?.6Whattypeofpersonisthislady?.7Non-verbalCommunicationVerbal=communicatingwithwordsandlanguage(asopposedtoimages,actionsorbehaviour).8Definition:(1)“Metacommunication(beyondtheusualcommmunication),paralinguistics,second-ordermessages,thesilentlanguage,andthehiddendimensionofcommunication.”(Hall,1959).9Definition:(2)Nonverbalcommunicationinvolvesallnonverbalstimuliinacommunicationsettingthatisgeneratedbyboththesourceandhisorheruseoftheenvironmentandthathaspotentialmessagevalueforthesourceorreceiver.(SamovarandPorter,2004).10DefinitioninChinese非言语交际包括在交际中认为的和环境产生的对于传播者或受传者含有潜在信息的所有的刺激,简单地说就是“不用语言的交际”,被称作”无声的语言“。.11CharacteristicsofNonverbalCommunicationIntentionalorunintentionalAmbiguousPrimaryContinuousMulti-channeled.12Functionsof

NonverbalCommunicationToprovideinformationToregulateinteractionToexpressorhideemotionandaffectTopresentanimageToexpresspowerandcontrol.13DifferenttypesofNon-verbalcommunication.14FaceandEyesOver1000distinctfacialexpressionsEyescanbeespeciallyexpressive“Windowstothesoul”MenandwomenhavebeenfoundtobeequallyexpressiveMenshowthemostemotioninthelowerleftquadrantoftheirfaceWomenshowemotionovertheirwholeface.15KinesicsEyeContactFacialexpressionsEmoticonsGesturePostureTouch.16TouchingisconsideredessentialandtherapeuticTouchingcaninfluencelikingandcomplianceIsusedtoshowintimacyorpower/controlPeoplewithhighstatustouchothers/invadeothers’spacesmorethanpeoplewithlowerstatusTouch.17Voice/ParalanguageConsistsofvocaltone,speed,pitch,volume,numberandlengthofpauses,anddisfluencies(“um”s,“ah”s),etc.ParalanguagetendstobemorepowerfulthanlanguageAffectshowother’sperceiveusStereotyping(e.g.,accents,vocabulary,grammar)Influencedbyculture,gender,class(intentionallyorunintentionally)Anillustration….18Trysaying“Youloveme”toconveythefollowingmeanings:Youreallydo?Ihadn’trealizedthat.Thatploywon’twork.Itoldyouwe’rethrough.Youcouldn’tpossiblylovemeafterwhatyoudid!Me?I’mtheoneyoulove?You?Ididn’tthinkyoulovedanyone..19SilenceCancommunicatecontentment,awkwardness,anger,respect,thoughtfulness,empathyCanalsobedisconfirming.20PhysicalAppearance“Beautyisintheeyeofthebeholder”Wetendtonoticeobviousthingsfirst(gender,race),thennoteattractivenessPhysicallyattractivepeoplegenerallyareperceivedbetterImportanceplacedonphysicalappearancecanbeverydamagingIt’swhatwedowithitthat’smostimportant.21ArtifactsIncludeclothing,jewelry,personalbelongings,accessories,etc.Communicateeconomiclevel,educationallevel,trustworthiness,socialposition,levelofsophistication,economicbackground,socialbackground,educationalbackground,levelofsuccess,moralcharacter,masculinity/femininityImportantpartoffirstimpressions.22EnvironmentCommunicatessomethingaboutyouWesurroundourselveswiththingsthatareimportant/meaningfultousUseartifactstodefineourterritoryCaninfluenceinteractionsHowpeopleuseanenvironmentcommunicatessomethingaboutthem.23ColorInfluencesCommunicationYellowcheersandelevatesmoodsRedexcitesandstimulatesBluecomfortsandsoothesInsomeculturesblacksuggestsmourningInsomecultureswhitesuggestspurity.24TimeTimeisaconception,aculture,andwaysoflife.Differentcultureshavedifferentinterpretationandconceptionoftime.Americanssaythathewhohesitatesislost,whileweChineseoftensaythatthinkthreetimesbeforeyouact.(Thinktwicebeforeyouleap.).25SpaceIntimatedistancePersonaldistanceSocialdistancePublicdistance

Youarehere.26NorthAmericans’distancehabit

0~50cm:intimateloversandfamilymembers

>50~120cm:friends(personaldistance)

>120~270cm:acquaintances(socialdistance)

>270cm:publicspace,notbelongtooneself

Behind:strangersspeakingfrombehindareallowedtostandmuchmorenearer..27NonverbalSignalsAnonverbalsignalcanshowdifferentmeanings.28FacialGesturesFacecanshowanger,pain,joy,shock,confidence,exhaustion,surprise,suspicion,boredom,doubt,etc.Facecanpout,grimace,snarl,wince,blush,gape,smirk,glare,frown,etc.Facecannod,shake,jerk,tilt,duck,turn.NoddingtheheadupanddownmeansYes.ItmeansNoinIranandTurkey..29EyeGesturesEyecontactindicatesattentioninAmericaStaringisrudeinKorea,Japan,andThailandEyebrowflashisasignofflirtationWinkisasignofflirtationorsharedsecretDilatedeyesindicatesfearorangerRollingtheeyesshowsamazement.30HandsClappingtoindicateapplauseHandShakingtogreetinsomecountriesHandHoldingforaffectionandrespectHandWavingforgreetingHighFivetoindicateapprovalFistPoundingtoindicateangerTouchingWoodindicatesgoodluck.31ArmsFoldedArmsindicatesadefensivepositionArmsonHipsindicatesangeroraggressionArmsBehindBackindicateseaseandcontrol.32ClassroomSittingDynamicsFront–LiketheactionandgradeconsciousBack–Observers,slackers,dislikeattention,likesecurityofthebackwallByWindow–DaydreamersByDoor–OfteninarushandwantaquickwayoutMiddle–Liketoblendintothecrowdandarepossiblyshy.33Doyouknowwhatthefollowinggesturesmeans?.34Number1isusedtogetherwiththeverbalmessage“Let’skeepourfingerscrossed”intheUnitedStates,England,andSwedentomeanthatthepersonishopingforgoodluck.ButinGreeceandTurkeyitmeansthebreakingofafriendship,andinpartsofItalyitmeans“O.K.”..35

Number2isnormallyusedwhentalkingprivatelyaboutathirdperson,meaningthatpersoniscrazy,ofteninajokingway..36Number3indicates“Ihavenoidea.”/“Idon’tknow.”.37ThegestureinPicture4meansthat“Ican’t/didn’thearyou.”.38Number5means“That’senough.It’salloverforme.”InPicture6the“thumbsdown”signindicates“rejection”or“refusal”,“defeat”or“nogood”or“badnews”toAmericans..39NonverbalSignalsVaryfromculturetoculture.40WhatmaytheO.K.signmean?InBrazila.rudenessInRussiab.moneyInFrancec.somethingvulgarInJapand.somethingworthless.41Frenchgesturefor'Idon'tbelieveyou'.42NonVerbalCommunications700,000DifferentPhysicalSigns250,000DifferentFacialExpressions5,000DifferentHandGestures1,000DifferentPosturesSmile–UniversalGestureHidingFace–UniversalGestureOnlytwouniversalgestures.43InternationalGesturesSoutheastAsia–ShowingthebottomofthefootisagrievousinsultKenya–VictorysignalcanleadtogettingthefingerschoppedoffSaudiArabia–KissinginpubliccanleadtobeingplacedinjailWinstonChurchill–VforvictorysignalbecameasymbolduringWorldWarIISouthAmerica–Cheekkissingisacasualgreetinggesture.44InternationalGesturesO.K.SymbolinAmericaconsideredasgivingacurseinSaudiArabiaandanextremeinsultinGermanyClosingtheeyesandnoddingtheheadissignofattentivenessinJapanYieldingrightofwayinadoorwayisasignofrespectinChinaClappingandwhistlingisconsideredapproval(whistlingisconsidereddisapprovalinmuchofEurope).45GreetingsFirmHandshake–200yearsoldHug–Informalgreetingsonly.Asiancountriesdonotlikeit.Bowing–ManyAsiancountri