备战2025年高考二轮复习 英语 阅读理解 文体分类练6　议论文（含解析）

文体分类练(六)议论文Passage1(2024福建漳州三模)主题:气候变化对体型的影响词数:321难度:★★★☆☆Theclimatecrisismayleadthehumanracetoshrinkinsize,asmammalswithsmallerframesappearbetterabletodealwithrisingglobaltemperatures,aleadingfossilexperthassaid.ProfessorSteveBrusatte,apaleontologistattheUniversityofEdinburgh,suggestedthatthewayinwhichothermammalshavepreviouslyrespondedtoperiodsofclimatechangecouldofferaninsightintohumans’future.Hecomparedthepotentialproblemofpeopleassimilartothatofearlyhorses,whichbecamesmallerinbodysizeastemperaturesrosearound55millionyearsago.WritinginTheRiseandReignoftheMammals,Brusattenotesthatanimalsinwarmerpartsoftheworldtodayareoftensmallerthanthoseincolderareas,anecologicalprincipleknownasBergmann’srule.“Thereasonsarenotentirelyunderstood,butitisprobably,inpart,becausesmalleranimalshaveahighersurfacearearelativetotheirvolumethanbiggeranimalsandcanthusimprovethedissipationoftheextraheat,”hewrites.Brusattesaidthatbecomingsmallerwas“acommonwaythatmammalsdealwithclimatechange”.Headded,“That’snottosayeveryspeciesofmammalwouldgetsmaller,butitseemstobeacommonsurvivaltrickofmammalswhentemperaturesriseprettyquickly.Thatdoesraisethequestion:Iftemperaturesdorisereallyquickly,mighthumansgetsmaller?AndIthinkthat’scertainlyreasonable.”However,notallexpertsagreethatrisingtemperaturecausesmammalstoshrink.ProfessorAdrianLister,oftheNaturalHistoryMuseuminLondon,saidtherelationshipshownbytherecenthumanremainsstudyisweak.“Wearenotreallycontrolledbynaturalselection,”hesaid.“Ifthatwasgoingtohappen,you’dneedtofindlargepeopledyingbeforetheycouldreproducebecauseofclimatewarming.Thatisnothappeningintoday’sworld.Wewearclothes,andwehavegotheating,justaswehavegotairconditioningifitistoohot.”【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了气候变化对哺乳动物尤其是人类的体型的影响。1.HowdomammalscopewithclimatechangeaccordingtoBrusatte?A.Movingtocolderregions.B.Reducingtheirbodysize.C.Losingtheirweight.D.Adaptingtheirdiet.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第一段“Theclimatecrisismayleadthehumanracetoshrinkinsize,asmammalswithsmallerframesappearbetterabletodealwithrisingglobaltemperatures,aleadingfossilexperthassaid.”及第四段中“Brusattesaidthatbecomingsmallerwas‘acommonwaythatmammalsdealwithclimatechange’.”可知,根据Brusatte的说法,哺乳动物减小体型来应对气候变化。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dissipation”inparagraph3mean?A.Exchange.B.Formation.C.Absorption.D.Emission.答案D解析词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“WritinginTheRiseandReignoftheMammals,Brusattenotesthatanimalsinwarmerpartsoftheworldtodayareoftensmallerthanthoseincolderareas,anecologicalprincipleknownasBergmann’srule.”和画线词所在句中“Thereasonsarenotentirelyunderstood,butitisprobably,inpart,becausesmalleranimalshaveahighersurfacearearelativetotheirvolumethanbiggeranimals”可知,体型较小的动物比体型较大的动物更容易散热,从而推知画线单词意思是“散发”。3.WhatisAdrianLister’sattitudetowardstherecentstudy?A.Worried. B.Objective.C.Skeptical. D.Approving.答案C解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However,notallexpertsagreethatrisingtemperaturecausesmammalstoshrink.ProfessorAdrianLister,oftheNaturalHistoryMuseuminLondon,saidtherelationshipshownbytherecenthumanremainsstudyisweak.”以及“Thatisnothappeningintoday’sworld.”等内容可知,AdrianLister对最近的研究持怀疑态度。4.Whatisthebesttitleofthistext?A.TheThreatofClimateChangetoHumanSurvivalB.TheImpactofClimateChangeonMammalBodySizesC.TheEvolutionaryTrendsinMammalBodySizesD.TheAdaptiveStrategiesofMammalstoClimateChange答案B解析主旨大意题。本文探讨了气候变化对哺乳动物尤其是人类的体型的影响。B项“气候变化对哺乳动物体型的影响”符合主题。Passage2(2024广东韶关二模)主题:对生活的看法词数:314难度:★★★☆☆Islifeastoryoragame?Answersmayvaryfromonetoanother.Overthecourseoflife,wefindthingstoloveandcommitto—ajob,apartneroracommunity.Attimes,westruggletolearnfromourmisfortunestogrowinwisdom,kindnessandgrace.WillStorr,awriterwhoseworkIadmire,saysthisstoryversionoflifeisamisunderstanding.InhisbookTheStatusGame,hearguesthathumanbeingsaredeeplydrivenbystatus.Ratherthanaboutbeinglikedoraccepted,hewrites,it’saboutbeingbetterthanothers.“Whenpeopleareobedienttous,offerrespect,admirationorpraise,that’sstatus.Itfeelsgood.”Lifeisaseriesofgames,headds.There’sthehighschoolgameofcompetingtobethepopularkid.Thelawyergametomakepartner.Thefinancegametomakethemostmoney.Theacademicgameforfame.Thesportsgametoshowthatourteamisthebest.Evenwhenwearetryingtodogood,Storrclaims,we’replayingthe“virtuegame”toshowwearemorallysuperiortoothers.IthinkStorrisindangerofbecomingoneofthoseguyswhoignorethenobledesiresofthehumanheartandthecaringelementineveryfriendshipandfamily.Thestatus-madworldthatStorrdescribesissoloveless.Infact,gamingasawayoflifeisimmature.Maturitymeansrisingabovetheshallowdesire—forstatus—thatdoesn’treallynourishus.It’saboutcultivatingthehigherdesires:theloveoftruthandlearning;theinnerpleasurethecraftsmangetsinhiswork,whichisnotaboutpopularity,andthedesireforagoodandmeaningfullifethatinspirespeopletopractisedailyactsofgenerosity.Howdopeoplegraduallylearntocultivatethesehighermotivations?Toanswerthat,I’dhavetotellyouastory.【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。生活是一个故事还是一场游戏?作家WillStorr认为生活就是一系列的游戏,人类深受地位的驱使,作者指出这种生活态度是不成熟的,成熟意味着追求更高的愿望。5.WhatliesinthecoreofWillStorr’sopinionaboutlife?A.Theprideinone’svirtue.B.Thepursuitofsuperiority.C.Thedesireforacceptance.D.Themotivationbywealth.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段中“InhisbookTheStatusGame,hearguesthathumanbeingsaredeeplydrivenbystatus.Ratherthanaboutbeinglikedoraccepted,hewrites,it’saboutbeingbetterthanothers.‘Whenpeopleareobedienttous,offerrespect,admirationorpraise,that’sstatus.Itfeelsgood.’”可知,WillStorr作品的核心在于追求更高的地位,要比别人更好,B项“追求卓越”符合题意。6.Whatcanbeviewedashighermotivationsinthetext?A.Loveandinspiration.B.Maturityanddesire.C.Commitmentandkindness.D.Friendshipandpopularity.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第一段中“Overthecourseoflife,wefindthingstoloveandcommitto—ajob,apartneroracommunity.Attimes,westruggletolearnfromourmisfortunestogrowinwisdom,kindnessandgrace.”和第四段中“It’saboutcultivatingthehigherdesires:theloveoftruthandlearning;theinnerpleasurethecraftsmangetsinhiswork,whichisnotaboutpopularity,andthedesireforagoodandmeaningfullifethatinspirespeopletopractisedailyactsofgenerosity.”可知,C项“承诺和善良”可以被视为更高的动机。7.What’sthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Tocorrectanattitude.B.Tocomparetwovalues.C.Toexplaintwoarguments.D.Tocriticizeaviewpoint.答案A解析推理判断题。文章首句“Islifeastoryoragame?”提出问题:生活是一个故事还是一场游戏?接着提到了作家WillStorr对此问题的回答,WillStorr认为生活就是一系列的游戏,人类深受地位的驱使,接着作者提到这种生活态度是不成熟的,故本文的目的是纠正一种态度。8.Whatstorydoyouthinktheauthorwilltellnext?A.Aking’s-comebackstory.B.Arags-to-richesstory.C.AYuanLongping-stylestory.D.Anovernight-successstory.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“It’saboutcultivatingthehigherdesires:theloveoftruthandlearning;theinnerpleasurethecraftsmangetsinhiswork,whichisnotaboutpopularity,andthedesireforagoodandmeaningfullifethatinspirespeopletopractisedailyactsofgenerosity.”和最后一段“Howdopeoplegraduallylearntocultivatethesehighermotivations?Toanswerthat,I’dhavetotellyouastory.”可知,更高的愿望是对真理和学习的热爱和对美好而有意义的生活的渴望,作者接下来要讲述如何培养这些更高动机,C项“一个袁隆平式的故事”符合更高动机的内涵。Passage3(2024河北邯郸三模)主题:善意的谎言词数:349难度:★★★★★“Individualsofallageswhohaveempathy(共情)understandthatsometimestellinglittlewhiteliescanprotectotherpeoplefromgettinghurt,”saysBarbaraGreenberg,aclinicalpsychologistinConnecticut.“MostpeoplethatIhavecomeacrosstelltheselittlewhiteliesbecausetheyunderstandthat100percenthonestyallthetimeisnotbeneficial.Awhitelie,”sheexplains,“sparespeoplefromunnecessaryhurt.”Atthesametime,Dr.JuliaBreur,amarriageandfamilytherapistinFlorida,emphasizestheimportanceofpayingattentiontothewaywerespondtosomeone.Thefactisthatnottellingthetruthcanresultinsomethingunpleasantonyou;it’snotjustaboutthepersonthewhitelieisbeingtoldto.Forexample,shesayssomeonewhoalwaystellsothersthat“allisgood”whenitcomestoasickparentinanefforttoavoiddiscussionsabouthowserioustheirhealthissuereallyis,caneventuallyfacestressfulexperiences.Whenthatparenteventuallypassesaway,thepersonwhoalwaysgavean“allisgood”responseendsupemotionallybroken.Sometimes,tellingwhiteliesoftendependsonthesituation,Dr.Breursays.Forexample,considerawomanwhohasnotseenhermotherforseveralmonths.Thedaughterhasgainednoticeableweight,yetthemotherrespondsbyexcitedlydeclaringthatshelooksgreat.“Iemphasizeduringpsychotherapysessionswithmypatientsthatcontexthelpsdefinemeaning,”Dr.Breursays.“Sowhenwelookatthecontextofamothersayingyoulookgreatwhensheclearlyseesthatherdaughterhasgainedweight,itcanbeacceptable.Itreflectstheintentionofthewhiteliewhichiskindness,protectionandunconditionallove.Otherwise,whitelies—especiallywhentoldtoavoidpersonalaccountability—canstartacycleofmistrustbetweenpeople,ultimatelycompromisingintegrity,”sheadds.Therefore,it’simportanttoaskourselveswhenitisandisn’tappropriatetodeliverthehonesttruth,andwhenit’sbesttostepbackandofferamoredelicateresponse.Moreoftenthannot,it’saboutfindingabalancebetweenthetwo.【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要阐述了善意的谎言可以让人们免受不必要的伤害,但有时候,善意的谎言往往取决于具体情况。因此,重要的是要问问自己,什么时候说实话是合适的,什么时候不合适,什么时候最好退一步,做出更微妙的回应,要在两者之间找到平衡。9.WhatcanbelearnedaboutwhiteliesaccordingtoBarbaraGreenberg?A.Theyareshort-lived.B.Theyareunidentifiable.C.Theyaretrouble-making.D.Theyarecommon.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“‘MostpeoplethatIhavecomeacrosstelltheselittlewhiteliesbecausetheyunderstandthat100percenthonestyallthetimeisnotbeneficial.Awhitelie,’sheexplains,‘sparespeoplefromunnecessaryhurt.’”可知,根据芭芭拉·格林伯格的说法,善意的谎言很常见。10.WhatmessagedoesDr.Breurdeliverinparagraph2?A.Whiteliescanharmboththeliarsandthelisteners.B.Wemustrespondtoourfamilymemberstruthfully.C.It’swrongtotellwhiteliestoaseriouslyillparent.D.The“allisgood”responseiseffectiveindealingwithpatients.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Atthesametime,Dr.JuliaBreur,amarriageandfamilytherapistinFlorida,emphasizestheimportanceofpayingattentiontothewaywerespondtosomeone.Thefactisthatnottellingthetruth