备战2025年高考二轮复习 英语 阅读理解 考点分类练4　推理判断题（2）（含解析）

考点分类练(四)推理判断题(2)Passage1主题:盲人到塔上参观词数:384难度:★★★☆☆Itwasasunnywinterday.Ihadgoneupanddownthetowerwhen,outsidethelittledooratthefoot,ablindmancametowardme.Hewasapale,thinmanwithdarkglasses.Hekeptclosetotheinnerwallofthecourtyard.Onreachingthedoor,hetoucheditandsharplyturnedinside.Inamoment,hedisappearedupthestaircase.Istoodstill,lookingatthelittlesignthatsaid“TotheTower...”.Ifeltobligedtofollow.Ididn’tfollowclosely.Icaughtupwithhimintheticketoffice.ThereIwassurprisedtoseetheattendantsellinghimaticketasthoughhewereanyothervisitor.Withtheticketinonehandandtouchingthewallwiththeother,hereachedthestaircaseleadingtothehallway.“Thatmanisblind,”Isaidtotheattendant,butheshowednoconcern.“He’sblind,”Irepeated.Hedidn’tanswer,lookingatmevacantly.“Perhapshewantstojump,”Isaid.Buthischairwastoocomfortable.Hedidn’tstir.Hestilllookeddownatacrosswordpuzzlehehadbegun.Iturnedtowardthestaircase.“Theticket,”theattendantsaid,risingfromhischair.Itseemedtheonlythingthatcouldmovehim.Afterpurchasingmyticket,Ihurriedupthestaircase.Themanhadn’tgoneasfarasIimagined.Aftertenminutes,Iapproachedhim.“Excuseme,”IsaidaspolitelyasIcould,“butIamverycurioustoknowwhyyoucameup.”“You’dneverguess,”hesaid.“Nottheview,Itakeit,orthefreshaironthiswinterday,”Isaid.Hesmiled.“Comingupthestairs,onecanfeelthechange—thecoolstaircasesuddenlybecomesquitewarmandhowupherebehindthewallthereisshade,butassoonasonegoesoppositeanarrowwindowonefindsthesun.InallofSienathereisnoplacesogoodashere.”Hemovedintothesunlight.Thenhesteppedintotheshade.“Light,shade,light,shade,”hesaid,andseemedaspleasedasachildwho,inagameofhopscotch,jumpsfromsquaretosquare.Wewentdownthetowertogether.Ilefthim,gladdenedasonecanonlybebythesunlight.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者看到一个盲人买票到塔上去参观,他跟上去,后来得知原来盲人是来塔上感受光影变化的,盲人也能感受到世界的美好。1.Whydidtheauthorfollowtheblindman?A.Tooffertimelyhelp.B.Tosatisfyhiscuriosity.C.Toteachhimalesson.D.Topreventhimfromclimbingup.答案A解析推理判断题。由文章第一段中的“Onreachingthedoor,hetoucheditandsharplyturnedinside.Inamoment,hedisappearedupthestaircase.Istoodstill,lookingatthelittlesignthatsaid‘TotheTower...’.Ifeltobligedtofollow.”以及下文推测可知,作者跟随盲人是为了及时为他提供帮助。故选A项。2.Whatwastheattendant’sattitudetovisitors?A.Enthusiastic. B.Concerned.C.Indifferent. D.Skeptical.答案C解析推理判断题。由文章第三段中的“Hedidn’tanswer,lookingatmevacantly.”以及第四段中的“Hestilllookeddownatacrosswordpuzzlehehadbegun.Iturnedtowardthestaircase.”可知,服务人员对来访者漠不关心。故选C项。3.Whatencouragedtheblindmantoclimbthetower?A.Thefreshaironthetop.B.Thepleasantchildhoodmemories.C.Thefantasticviewfromthetower.D.Thestrikingcontrastbetweenlightandshade.答案D解析细节理解题。由文章倒数第三段“Hesmiled.‘Comingupthestairs,onecanfeelthechange—thecoolstaircasesuddenlybecomesquitewarmandhowupherebehindthewallthereisshade,butassoonasonegoesoppositeanarrowwindowonefindsthesun.InallofSienathereisnoplacesogoodashere.’”以及倒数第二段中的“Light,shade,light,shade”可知,明暗之间的鲜明对比促使盲人爬上了那座塔。4.Whatmessagedoesthewriterwanttoconveyinthetext?A.Natureisthebestgiftforhumanity.B.Whenonedoorshuts,anotheropensinlife.C.Everyindividualcanappreciatebeautyinlife.D.Thedisadvantageddeservecarefromthesociety.答案C解析推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段“Hemovedintothesunlight.Thenhesteppedintotheshade.‘Light,shade,light,shade,’hesaid,andseemedaspleasedasachildwho,inagameofhopscotch,jumpsfromsquaretosquare.”以及上下文可知,文章主要讲述了一次作者看到一个盲人买票到塔上去参观,他跟上去,后来得知原来盲人是来塔上感受光影变化的,盲人也能感受到世界的美好,从而表达每个人都能欣赏生活中的美。Passage2(2024江西九江二模)主题:研究发现词数:332难度:★★★★☆Whenascentmovedgentlythroughtheairinthebedroomsofolderadultsfortwohourseverynightforjustsixmonths,theirmemoriesskyrocketed.ParticipantsinthisstudybyUCI(UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine)Centrereapeda226%increaseincognitive(认知的)capacitycomparedtothecontrolgroup.Theresearcherssaythefindingtransformsthelong-knowntiebetweensmellandmemoryintoaneasy,non-invasive(无创的)techniqueforstrengtheningmemoryandpotentiallypreventingdementia.Theteam’sstudyappearsinFrontiersinNeuroscience.ThestudywasconductedthroughtheUCICenterfortheNeurobiologyofLearning&Memory.Itinvolvedmenandwomenaged60to85withoutmemorydisorders.Theywereeachgivenadiffuser(扩散器)andsevensmallbottles,eachcontainingasingleanddifferentnaturaloil.Peopleintheenrichedgroupreceivedfull-strengthbottles.Controlgroupparticipantsweregiventheoilsintinyamounts.Participantsputadifferentbottleintotheirdiffusereacheveningpriortogoingtobed,anditremainedactivefortwohoursastheyslept.Peopleintheenrichedgroupshoweda226%increaseincognitiveperformancecomparedtothecontrolgroup,asmeasuredbyawordlisttestcommonlyusedtoevaluatememory.CTimagingrevealedbetterintegritybrainpathway.Thepathwayaffectsdecision-makingabilityandusuallybecomeslesspowerfulwithage.Participantsalsoreportedsleepingmoresoundly.Scientistshavelongknownthatthelossofolfactorycapacity,orabilitytosmell,canpredictdevelopmentofnearly70differentkindsofdiseasesincludingAlzheimer’sandotherdementia.Researchershavepreviouslyfoundthatexposingpeoplewithmoderatedementiatoupto40differentscentstwiceadayoveraperiodoftimeboostedtheirmemoriesandlanguageskills,alleviateddepressionandimprovedtheirolfactorycapacities.Later,theUCIteamdecidedtotrymakingthistechniqueeasierforolderadults.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加州大学尔湾分校神经科学家进行了一项为期六个月的研究,研究发现,老年人的卧室里每晚持续两个小时的香味,会使老人的记忆激增。5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“skyrocketed”inparagraph1probablymean?A.Dramaticallydeclined.B.Slightlyimproved.C.Severelyweakened.D.Significantlyincreased.答案D解析词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“ParticipantsinthisstudybyUCI(UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine)Centrereapeda226%increaseincognitivecapacity...strengtheningmemoryandpotentiallypreventingdementia.”可知,香味可以极大地提高老年人的记忆力,因此推断画线词与D项“显著提高”意思相近。故选D项。6.Whatdoweknowabouttheexperimentdescribedinparagraph2?A.Allofthebottlescontaintheidenticalnaturaloil.B.Thegivenoilamountvariesfromgrouptogroup.C.Eachparticipantisdistributedeightoil-filledbottles.D.Norequirementisforparticipantsexceptageandsex.答案B解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容可知,给的精油量因组而异。故选B项。7.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Toreportastudyonscentexposureboostingmemory.B.Toshowamethodtopredictdevelopmentofdiseases.C.Torevealtherelationshipbetweensmellandmemory.D.Todrawpublicattentiontomemorylossinolderadults.答案A解析推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Theresearcherssaythefindingtransformsthelong-knowntiebetweensmellandmemoryintoaneasy,non-invasivetechniqueforstrengtheningmemoryandpotentiallypreventingdementia.Theteam’sstudyappearsinFrontiersinNeuroscience.”以及下文内容可知,文章主要介绍了加州大学尔湾分校神经科学家进行了一项为期六个月的研究,研究发现,老年人的卧室里每晚持续两个小时的香味,会使老人的记忆激增。作者的写作目的是报告一项关于接触气味会促进记忆的研究。故选A项。8.Whatwillthefollow-upparagraphmostprobablytalkabout?A.Theapproachtoenhancinglanguageskills.B.Thereasonbehindsimplifyingthetechnique.C.Thepossibilityofrelievingseveredepression.D.Thesolutiontorecoveringolfactorycapacities.答案B解析推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Researchershavepreviouslyfoundthatexposingpeoplewithmoderatedementiatoupto40differentscents...easierforolderadults.”可知,接下来团队决定尝试简化这项技术,让老年人更容易使用这项技术,提高他们的记忆力和语言技能,减轻抑郁,提高嗅觉能力。故选B项。Passage3(2024山东临沂一模)主题:研究发现词数:342难度:★★★★★WhenAmericananthropologistColinTurnbullpublishedTheMountainPeoplein1972,hereferredtohissubjects—aUgandangroupcalledtheIk—as“thelovelesspeople”.Aftertwoyearsofobservations,hedecidedthattheyreflectedhumanity’sbasicinstincts(本能):cheat,thievery,andpitilessness.ButwhenAthenaAktipisandhercolleaguesfromtheHumanGenerosityProjecttookadeeperlook,theyidentifiedacommunitythatsharedeverything.“TurnbullhadvisitedUgandaduringadisastrousfamine(饥荒).Allhesawiswhathappenswhenpeoplearestarving,”saysAktipis.Butherteamrevealedthatdespitelivingunderpressure,theIkplacedahighvalueonhelpingoneanotherwhentheycould.Aktipisbelievesthataltruismismorecommonandbeneficialthanevolutionarysocialsciencehaslongthought.“Itwasassumedthatpeoplearedesignedtoonlydothingstohelpthemselvesortheirrelatives,”shesays.Bystudyingtheunique,selflesspracticesthathelpedninecommunitiesacrosstheworldtocontinuetoexist,theexpertsfromtheProjectarelookingtoshowthatweareindeedcapableofwidespreadcooperation.TheMaasaipeopleinKenyaprovideoneoftheproject’smainpoints.Theyrelyontwo-wayfriendshipsforresourceslikefoodorwaterwhenthey’reinneed,withoutexpectinganyrepayment.Also,aworldaway,inNewMexico,whilefolksoftenhelptransportcattleandreceivesupportinreturn,theywillassistwithoutrepaymentifsomeonefacesdifficulties,suchasaninjuryorthedeathofalovedone.Aktipisbelievestheoreticalframeworksshe’sperfectedthroughstudyingthesegroupscanapplybroadlytoanyinterdependentsystems.Herbiggoalistodesignsocial-servicesystemsthatsupporteveryone.Takemarket-basedinsuranceintheUnitedStatesasanexample:It’spricedbasedonindividualriskfactorssuchashealthhistoriesandwherepeoplelive,whichmeansmillionsofAmericanscan’taffordit.Butinasystembuiltonneighboring,pooledcosts(合并成本)wouldleveltheburdenduringcollectivehardshiplikenaturaldisasters.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述AthenaAktipis通过研究一个被称作Ik人的乌干达群体发现,他们非常重视互相帮助,Aktipis认为利他主义比进化社会科学长期以来认为的更为普遍和有益,可以通过合作建立一个对抗集体困难的制度。9.WhatdidTurnbullthinkoftheIkpeople?A.Heartless. B.Helpful.C.Restless. D.Generous.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第一段中“WhenAmericananthropologistColinTurnbullpublishedTheMountainPeoplein1972,hereferredtohissubjects—aUgandangroupcalledtheIk—as‘thelovelesspeople’.”可知,Turnbull认为Ik人很无情,故选A项。10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“altruism”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Tryingtobestrongandtoughtosurvive.B.Makingfulluseofthesurroundingresources.C.Beingdevotedtothemselvesortheirrelatives.D.Caringabouttheneedsandhappinessofothers.答案D解析词句猜测题。根据第一段末句“Butherteamrevea