《生态茶园建设与管理》-课件：任务8 茶树移栽

Teaseedlingtransplanting茶苗移栽茶苗移栽确定种植密度2.挖种植沟与施底肥3.茶苗移栽Teaseedlingtransplanting1.Plantingdensity2DigtheplantingtrenchWithbasefertilizer3Transplanttheteaseedlings种植密度考虑因素：（1）茶树品种：如乔木型的云南大叶茶，其行、丛距要适当放宽，行距应放宽至1.8米，丛距40厘米左右；灌木型的中、小叶种，行、丛距以1.5米×0.3米，每丛定苗2～3株为宜。Plantingdensityconsiderations:(1)Teatreevarieties:suchastree-typeYunnanlargeleaftea,therowandclusterdistanceshouldbeappropriatelyrelaxed,therowdistanceshouldberelaxedto1.8meters,andtheclusterdistanceisabout40centimeters;Shrubtypeofmediumandsmallleafspecies,therowandclusterdistanceto1.5meters×0.3meters,eachclustersetseedlings2to3plantsisappropriate.种植密度考虑因素：（2）栽植区域的气候条件：一般按地区条件来说，年平均气温较低的、海拔较高的山区，为了提高茶树群体对不良环境的抗逆性，适当地增加种植密度和培养低型的茶树较为合适，以减少低温严寒对茶树的影响，行距可缩小到1.0～1.3米，丛距可缩小到20厘米左右；反之，行、丛距就要适当地放宽。Plantingdensityconsiderations:(2)Climaticconditionsoftheplantingarea:Generallyspeakingaccordingtoregionalconditions,inordertoimprovetheresistanceofteatreegroupstotheadverseenvironment,itismoreappropriatetoincreasetheplantingdensityandcultivatelow-typeteatreesappropriately,soastoreducetheimpactoflowtemperatureandcoldonteatrees,therowspacingcanbereducedto1.0~1.3meters,andtheclusterdistancecanbereducedtoabout20cm;Onthecontrary,therowandclusterdistanceshouldbeappropriatelyrelaxed.种植密度考虑因素：（3）栽植区域的地势与土壤条件：坡度小、土层深厚肥沃，结构良好的土壤，管理水平较高的茶园，其行、丛距以1.5米×0.3米为宜，并适当地增加每穴种植株数；反之，坡度较大，土层浅薄，土质结构较差，管理水平又不高的茶园，行、丛距应酌情缩小。Plantingdensityconsiderations:(3)Theterrainandsoilconditionsoftheplantingarea:smallslope,deepandfertilesoillayer,well-structuredsoil,andhighmanagementleveloftheteagarden,itsrowandclusterdistanceto1.5meters×0.3metersisappropriate,andappropriatelyincreasethenumberofplantingtreesperhole;Onthecontrary,theslopeislarge,thesoillayerisshallow,thesoilstructureispoor,andthemanagementlevelisnothigh,therowandclusterdistanceshouldbereducedasappropriate.种植密度考虑因素：（4）机械化作业要求：要适应现代栽培模式的要求，在规划栽植密度时，还要考虑未来的机械化采摘、修剪、施肥等，因此必要时可以适当加大行距，以适应机械化操作。Plantingdensityconsiderations:(4)mechanizedoperationrequirements:toadapttotherequirementsofmoderncultivationmode,intheplanningofplantingdensity,butalsoconsiderthefuturemechanizedpicking,pruning,fertilization,etc.,soifnecessary,youcanappropriatelyincreasetherowspacingtoadapttomechanizedoperation.种植密度考虑因素：Plantingdensityconsiderations:挖种植沟与施底肥：Diggingplantingtrenchesandapplyingbottomfertilizer:1.茶苗规格：GB11767-2003茶树种苗茶苗移栽：无性系大叶品种一足龄扦插苗质量指标级别Grade苗龄Seedlingage苗高/cmSeedlingheight/cm茎数φ/mmStemnumberφ/mm侧根数/根Numberoflateral品种纯度/(%)Breedpurity/(%)Ⅰ一年生Annuals≥30≥4.0≥3100Ⅱ一年生Annuals≥25≥2.5≥2100Teaseedlingtransplanting:1.Teaseedlingspecification:GB11767-2003teatreeseedlingQualityindexofone-footcuttingsoflargeleafvarietiesofclones1.茶苗规格：GB11767-2003茶树种苗茶苗移栽：无性系中小叶品种苗木质量指标级别Grade苗龄Seedlingage苗高/cmSeedlingheight/cm茎数φ/mmStemnumberφ/mm侧根数/根Numberoflateral品种纯度/(%)Breedpurity/(%)Ⅰ一足龄Onefullage≥30≥3.0≥3100Ⅱ一足龄Onefullage≥20≥2≥2100Teaseedlingtransplanting:1.Teaseedlingspecification:GB11767-2003teatreeseedlingQualityindexofseedlingsofmediumleafletvarietiesinclones2.移栽时期

Transplantperiod茶苗移栽：茶苗移栽的最适宜时期是在茶苗地上部处于休眠时或雨季来临之前，移栽容易成活。此外，应根据当地气候特点，选择空气湿度大和土壤含水量高的时期或雨季来临之前移栽茶苗，应避免在干旱和严寒时期移栽。Teaseedlingtransplanting:Themostsuitabletimeforteaseedlingtransplantingiswhenthegroundpartofteaseedlingisdormantorbeforetherainyseason,whichiseasytosurvive.Inaddition,accordingtothelocalclimatecharacteristics,teaseedlingsshouldbetransplantedwhentheairhumidityishighandthesoilmoisturecontentishighorbeforetherainyseason,andshouldavoidtransplantingindroughtandcoldperiods.3.移栽技术

Transplantingtechniques茶苗移栽：（1）移栽前多带土：起苗前2～3天，应在苗圃灌1次水，使土壤湿润，减少起苗时根系损伤。起苗后用黄泥浆水蘸根，防止根系失水。Teaseedlingtransplanting:(1)Bringmoresoilbeforetransplanting:2to3daysbeforeseedlings,watershouldbefilledonceinthenurserytomoistenthesoilandreducerootdamageduringseedling.Afterseedling,diptherootwithyellowmudwatertopreventrootwaterloss.3.移栽技术Transplantingtechnique茶苗移栽：（1）定

植

Planting：Teaseedlingtransplanting:茶苗移栽：（1）定

植

Planting：Teaseedlingtransplanting:

为提高茶苗移栽成活率，做到栽前起苗多带土，种植时掌握技术要领，栽后做好管苗护苗工作。为了达到起苗多带土的目的，起苗前2～3天，应在苗圃灌1次水，使土壤湿润，减少起苗时根系损伤。如土壤砂性太重，不易带土，应在起苗后用黄泥浆水蘸根，防止根系失水。Inordertoimprovethesurvivalrateofteaseedlingtransplanting,itisnecessarytobringmoresoilbeforeplanting,masterthetechnicalessentialswhenplanting,anddoagoodjoboftubeseedlingprotectionafterplanting.Inordertoachievethepurposeofmoresoil,2to3daysbeforeseedling,watershouldbefilledonceinthenurserytomoistenthesoilandreducerootdamageduringseedling.Ifthesoilistoosandyandnoteasytobringsoil,itshouldbedippedinyellowmudwaterafterseedlingtopreventrootwaterloss.3.移栽技术

Transplantingtechnology茶苗移栽：（2）定植后管理Post-plantingmanagement：Teaseedlingtransplanting:

栽植好后应在离地15厘米左右处进行修剪。有条件时，可搭建遮阳网，并在栽种行上铺上杂草、锯木屑、蕨类、糠壳、蒿秆、稻草等，以减少水分蒸发，保持土壤水分。移栽后，如出现连续晴天，一般隔3～4天要浇水一次，每次浇水要注意浇透，使根部附近的土壤保持湿润状态，并加强中耕、除草、施肥等培育管