Unit4 词汇精讲课堂

词汇课堂

版本：新人教单元：选择性必修二Unit4重难点词bound名词动词化正式用语breath搭配义一词多义peakfreezecontraryarise一词多义owe

分词形容词形容词后缀-y一词多义搭配义一词多义根据所给汉语，完成句子。We_________________（起床）earlythismorning.gotup/arose正式用语arisearisevi［正式用语］

（问题或困难）出现；发生；产生(occur)：Whatproblemsmayarisewhenhumansarecloned?Anumberofhighbuildingshavearisenwheretherewasnothingayearagobutruins.2012山东

起床；起身；起立：Hearosefromhisseat.arisefrom/outof因……产生；由……引起：Accidentsoftenarisefrom/outofcarelessness.breathn

n[C]&[U]呼吸；气息：takeadeepbreathdrawinabreathoffreshair常用搭配catchone’sbreath缓一口气；歇口气holdone’sbreath屏息；憋住气outofbreath上气不接下气：Reachingthetopofthetower,hewasoutofbreath.takesb’sbreathaway令某人惊叹词汇拓展breathlessadj气喘吁吁的；呼吸急促的：Iwasbreathlessafterclimbingthestairs.►breathlesslyadv上气不接下气地；气喘吁吁地breathtakingadj激动人心的；惊人的；令人惊叹的breathev

vi&vt

呼吸：Whenwebreathe,theairgoesintoourlungs.Peopleareconcernedabouttheairqualitytheybreathe.常用搭配breathein吸气；吸入：Breatheinandholdyourbreathforaslongaspossible.breatheout呼气；呼出：TakeadeepbreathandthenbreatheoutwhenItellyouto.Humanstakeinoxygenandbreatheoutcarbondioxide.►breathingn[U]呼吸根据所给汉语，完成句子。Somethinggood__________________________（一定会）to

happen

intheendwhenyoudonotgiveup!（2009北京改）iscertain/sure/boundboundboundadj［无比较级和最高级，不用于名词前］

必定的；一定的certaintodosth：(be)boundtodosth:You’vedonesomuchworkthatyou’reboundtopasstheexam.

准备/正在到……去的；（车、船等）开往……的：aParis-boundplane(be)boundfor:ThetrainisboundforShanghai.vi

跳跃；跳跃着前进：Pollycameboundingintotheroomholdingaletter.n［常用复数］范围；一跳：gobeyond/withintheboundsJulie’sreadingisimprovinginleapsandbounds.peak的词源义和基本义是“尖”peakn[C]

尖形；尖头：thepeaksofaroof

山峰；山顶：amountainpeak

［常用单数］高峰；顶峰(height)：atthepeakofsb’scareerBy700AD,Mayacivilisationwasatitspeak.Trafficreachesitspeakbetween8and9inthemornings.peak词源解读山峰的“尖”物体的“尖”抽象事物的“尖”peakadj最高的；高峰的：peakhoursapeakseasonvi达到最高点；达到高峰：Windspeedspeakedat105milesperhouryesterday.peak

语义网络图物体的“尖”山峰的“尖”抽象事物的“尖”尖形；尖头山峰；山顶高峰；顶峰尖（基本义）peakfreeze《冰雪奇缘》（Frozen）是2013年迪士尼出品的3D动画电影，于2013年11月27日在美国上映。该片改编自安徒生童话《白雪皇后》（TheSnowQueen），讲述小国阿伦黛尔因一个魔咒永远地被冰天雪地覆盖，为了寻回夏天，安娜公主和山民克里斯托夫以及他的驯鹿搭档组队出发，展开一段拯救王国的历险。影片中处处体现“追寻自我”“做回自己”“真情消融冻结的心”等元素，令观众心有触动。freeze的词源义和基本义是“（使）结冰(turntoice)”。freezev

vi&vt（使）结冰：Thelakewasfrozenover.Freshwaterfreezesat0°C.

vi&vt（人）冻僵；（水管、机器等）冻住：Twomenwerefrozentodeathonthemountain.Ourwaterpipesfroze(up)lastwinter.freeze词源解读（使）人或物体“结冰”（使）液体“结冰”

vi（天气）冰冷：Itmayfreezetonight,sobringthoseplantsinside.

vi&vt冷冻；冷藏：Tomatoesdon’tfreezewell.I’llbuyextrameatandjustfreezeit.

vi&vt停住不动tostopmovingsuddenly：Freeze,orI’llshoot!Thesmilefrozeonhisface.2013湖北（使）空气“结冰”（使）食物“结冰”（使）身体、笑容等“结冰”（使）结冰freeze（使）结冰基本义（使）液体“结冰”（人）冻僵；（水管、机器等）冻住停住不动使）身体、笑容等“结冰”（使）人或物体“结冰”freeze语义网络图（天气）冰冷（使）空气“结冰”冷冻；冷藏（使）食物“结冰”词汇拓展frozenadj

结冰的；冻僵的；冷冻的：Youmustbefrozen!Comeandsitbythefire.Americansalwaysdrivetosupermarketstobuycannedandfrozenfoodsfortheweek.2014陕西改freezingadj极冷的；冰冻的extremelycold：freezingpointn

[U]冰点：above/belowfreezingadv［非正式用语］极冷地：freezingcold根据汉语，写出单词的正确形式。We’regoodfriends,butwehave_________________（相反的）viewswhenitcomestoeducation.opposite/contrarycontrarycontraryn[C]［常与the连用］相反；反面；对立面：Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoftenresultsinthecontrarytoourintention.2008广东onthecontrary正相反；恰恰相反：Hethoughthismarketingplanwasperfect,butonthecontrary,itwasnotanditfailed.tothecontrary相反的；相反地：UnlessIhearanythingtothecontrary,Ishallassumethemeetingwillbeheldontime.contraryadj相反的；相对的：haveacontraryopinion(be)contraryto:Contrarytopopularbelief,manycatsdislikemilk.Theresultswerecontrarytomyexpectation.ItistobooksthatIoweeverythingthatisgoodinme．—Gorky我身上所有优秀的品质都要归功于书籍。——高尔基owe马克西姆·高尔基（MaximGorky，1868—1936），前苏联作家、诗人、评论家、政论家、学者。是社会主义、现实主义文学奠基人，苏联文学的创始人。高尔基自传体三部曲为《童年》《在人间》《我的大学》。他的代表作还有长篇小说《母亲》和剧本《小市民》等。他被授予列宁勋章，成为苏联共产党中央委员会成员。他的诞生地被改名为高尔基市。owevt

欠（债）：owesbsth(forsth)/owesthtosb(forsth):Shestillowesherfather$5,000./Shestillowes$5,000toherfather.HowmuchdoIoweyouforlunch?2008天津

应给予：owesbsth/owesthtosb:Iowehimanapology./Ioweanapologytohim.owe的词源义是“tohave,own”，引申为“用拥有的去支付或偿还”。其基本义为“应偿还”。owe词源解读

应该把……归功于：owesthtosth:Heoweshisgoodhealthtohisregularlife.Theseearlysettlersowedtheirsurvivaltohardworkanddeterminationtosucceed.owingto因为；由于(becauseof)：Owingtobadweather,theflightwasdelayedforacoupleofhours.2012上海owe语义网络图应偿还owe（基本义）“应偿还”金钱“应偿还”解释或歉意等欠（债）应给予“应偿还”事情发生的原因应该把……归功于分词形容词——表示感受或看法用括号内单词的适当形式填空，体会分词形容词。1.The___________(astonish)newsmadetheworld___________(astonish),andagreatmanypeopleexpressedtheiropinionsontheInternet.

2.Aftera___________(depress)trip,Ireturnedhomeso___________(depress)andspentmonthsinmybedroompainting,listeningtomusicandtryingtofindmyselfagain.（2017天津改）.3.Unlessyoucansleepwell,youwilllosetheabilitytofocus,planandstay___________(motivate)afteroneortwonights.（2018江苏）4.Achievinggoalsisamajor___________(motivate)factorforanyone.astonishedastonishingdepressingdepressed将上面的分词形容词分类：

表示人的感受：____________________________________________表示人/物给人带来的感受：________________________________astonished,depressed,motivatedastonishing,depressing,motivatingmotivatedmotivating名词动词化写出下列句子中画线词的汉语释义。1.Asthundercrashedinthesky,atrainthunderedpast,shakingthewholehouse.

__________2.Myfridgeisnotcoolingandthefreezerisfrostingup.MaybeIshouldbuyanewfrost-freefridge.__________3.Itsnowedheavilylastnight,andthegroundwascoveredwiththicksnow.

__________

4.Seeingherleavinginthepouringrain,Ifelttearsraindownmycheeks.

__________5.Themorningwasquitebrightwithnocloudsinthesky,butitcloudedoverintheafternoon.__________英语中有很多名词可转化为动词，常表示具有该名词的活动特点或性质特征的动作。例如，表示天气的名词常可转化为动词。轰隆隆地移动结霜下雪雨点般落下布满云/阴云密布形容词后缀-y形容词后缀-y可加在名词后构成形容词，意为“充满……的(fullof)”或“有……特质的（characterisedby）”。dirt（污垢）+-y→dirtyadj

mist（薄雾）+-y→mistyadj

frost（霜）+-y→frostyadj

trick（诡计；花招）+-y→trickyadjsport（运动）+-y→sportyadj

smell（气味）+-y→smellyadjsteel（钢）+-y→steelyadjskin（皮肤）+-y→skinnyadjboss（老板）+-y→bossyadj

stick（棍/条状物）+-y→stickyadj

脏的多雾的结霜的/严寒的棘手的/难对付的爱好（或擅长）体育运动的/（衣服）适合运动时穿着的有臭味的/发臭的钢铁般的/坚定的极瘦的/皮包骨的（像老板一样）爱指挥人的黏的随堂检测arise写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Thenextmorning,thetwogirlsaroseearlytotakethetraintoLakeLouise.___________2.Moreproblemslikethoseatthenuclearpowerplantarecertaintoarise.

___________3.Emotionalormentalproblemscanarisefromaphysicalcause.___________4.Shouldtheneedariseforextrastaff,wewillcontactyou.___________起床

出现/发生

由……引起

如果需要

breath根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。1.Jack____________________（深吸一口气）andthendivedintothewater.

2.Slowdown,Ineedto____________________（缓一口气）.

3.____________________（屏住呼吸）andcounttoten.

4.Ericcamerunningintotheroom,__________________（上气不接下气）.5.Theviewfromthetopwill____________________（令你惊叹）.tookadeepbreathcatchmybreathHoldyourbreathoutofbreathtakeyourbreathaway写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Whenyouaredealingwithsomanypatients,mistakesareboundtohappen.___________2.WetriedtogetseatsonaRome-boundflight.___________3.Heboundedupthestepsandpushedthebellofthedoor.___________4.Herhealthhasimprovedinleapsandbounds.___________在所难免

开往罗马的

跳上bound迅速写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Themountainpeakwascoveredwithsnow.___________2.TheBritishEmpirewasatitspeakinthemid19thcentury.___________

3.Theathletesareallinpeakcondition.___________4.Weneedextrahelpduringthepeakseason.___________5.Oilproductionpeakedintheearly1980s.___________山峰

处于全盛时期处于巅峰状态peak旺季达到了最高峰一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Howdoesitlivewheremostfishwouldfreezetodeath?（2008福建）___________2.Canyoufreezethiscake?___________

3.Thelakehadfrozenovernight.___________4.Whenfacedwithsomanyoptions,thelionchoosestofreezeandwaitinsteadofattackingthemanholdingthechair.（2014全国）___________5.Thesmilefrozeonhisface;hismouthfellwideopen.（2013湖北）

___________6.Salarieshavebeenfrozenforthecurrentyear.

___________freeze冻死冷藏结冰停住不动僵住冻结二、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。1.Thefirstthinghedidwastofindshelterfromthe________________（刺骨的寒风）andsnow.（2015北京）2.Panicsetin,butMarycouldnotrun—shewas________________（